Prevalence of chronic complications and associated factors in type 2 diabetes (original) (raw)
Related papers
Background: Diabetes is defined as syndrome and is accompanied by number of micro and macro-vascular complications. The burden is quite high in developing countries so the main aim of this study is to evaluate complications in diabetes patients of Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken from December 2015 to March 2016 using a paper based questionnaire. Patients were selected from the 3 private clinics and 3 hospitals employing the systematic sampling technique and anthropometric readings were taken for each individual. The complications were measured by the standards measuring procedures. The demographics were elaborated by the descriptive statistics and the binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with the complications by using SPSS version 18. Results: Mean age± SD of the respondent's was 48.8±14.6 year. One hundred and thirty (43.5%) were females, 270 (90.3%) were married, 103 (34.5%) were rural resident, 189 (63.2%). Sixty five (21.7%) patients accompany Cardiovascular disease (CVD), 51 (17.0%) had diabetic nephropathy, 96 (32.1) had diabetic neuropathy and 124 (41.5%) had diabetic retinopathy. Age (AOR=2.477 95%CI=1.085, 5.654, p=0.031) and abnormal blood glucose level (AOR=1.872 95%CI=1.005, 3.487, p=0.048) is the significantly affecting factors of CVD. Body mass index was the strongest independent predictor for diabetic nephropathy (AOR=0.233 95%CI=0.067, 0.806, p=0.021) and diabetic retinopathy (AOR=3.558 95%CI=1.884, 6.719 p=0.00). Conclusion: The complications seem to be high among the diabetic patients with high frequency of the risk factors accompanying them. Imparting appropriate knowledge and preventing strategies will prove to be of immense benefits in reducing the co-morbidities.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
Objectives: To estimate the incidence of microvascular complications among subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal follow-up study assessed the data records of type 2 diabetic subjects who visited the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, from January 2005 to April 2016. Subjects with gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes and with history of any microvascular complication were excluded. Medical records were obtained through electronic database (Health Management System). Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 14 and SPSS version 20. Results: The incidence of microvascular complications was 92.8, 106.2, and 130.2 per 1000 person per years for retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy respectively. Retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy were significantly high among diabetic patients with duration of diabetes >10 years followed by 5-10 years. Incidence of retinopathy and nephropathy was significantly higher in patients who had HbA1c>7% than patients with HbA1c≤7% (pvalue<0.05). Higher incidence rate of all three microvascular complications were seen in subjects with hypertension than subjects without hypertension. Conclusion: A high incidence of microvascular complications is found in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Poor glycaemic control, longer duration of diabetes and hypertension was found to be associated with the occurrence of these complications.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2013
To ascertain the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications along with co-morbidities contributing to atherosclerosis in the diabetic population of Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. The cross-sectional study and was carried out at the Divisional Headquarter Hospital, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, between January and August 2012. The patients selected were established diabetics. Data was collected through special questionnaire. SPSS version 14 was used to analyse the data. A total 3602 patients were interviewed initially. Of them 318 were diabetics; the prevalence rate being 8.83%. Of the 318 study subjects, 24 (7.3%) had a history of stroke; 4 (1.3%) had history of transient ischaemic attack; 17 (5.3%) had history of myocardial infarction; 27 (8.5%) and had a history of angina. Foot ulcers were present in 22 (6.9%) and 3 (0.9%) had an amputation. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 95 (29.9%), diabetic nephropathy in 25 (7.9%) and diabetic neuropathy in 126 (39.6%). Co-morbid hypertens...
International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences, 2021
Background: Now a day, globally diabetes is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases globally. In our study to assess, the clinical characteristics and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the complications among diabetic patients in different age groups. Methodology: It's a Prospective-observational study, carried out in 9 months at patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Guntur. We enrolled age group between 30-80 years patients. Results: Out of 215 patients, males were 122 and females were 93. Above 50% of patients were diagnosed within the age group of 51-65 years. About 61% of patients were having overweight based on BMI ranges and about 63% of patients were at high risk of HbA1C i.e., >6%. The mean age was found to be 51-65(50.97%). Out of all comorbidities, it was found that hypertension 112 (52.09%) was high. The complications associated with diabetes found in the present study were microvascular complications which include microvascular complications, nephropathy (n=63) was high followed by neuropathy (n=53); retinopathy (n=31), and males (n=108) were more prone than females (n=80). Drug therapy was monotherapy 106(49.30%) and dual therapy 29 (13.48%). Triple therapy 7 (3.25%) usage was less when compared to mono and dual therapy. Conclusion: Based on our study interpretation, the complications of DM are commonly seen in those are having uncontrolled glucose levels. Among microvascular complications, nephropathy was most commonly observed, followed by neuropathy also. Enhancing level of HbA1c and BMI was found to be a more significant correlation with neuropathy in most of the individuals.
Prevalence of type 2 diabetes–associated complications in Pakistan
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2015
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is rapidly increasing in Pakistan. Various micro-and macrovascular complications are associated with disease progression which increases the economic burden not only on patients but also on country. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of micro-and macro-vascular complications among T2DM patients in Pakistan. A crosssectional study was carried out on 692 T2DM patients during July 2011 to December 2012. The participants recruited in this study were clinically diagnosed by certified diabetologist and endocrinologists in the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) and Kahuta Research Laboratory (KRL) hospital of Islamabad. Demographic and clinical data was collected under supervision of a diabetologist and endocrinologist using a specially designed questionnaire. Clinical variables were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and Graphpad prism 5 version 5.01. Of the 678 T2DM patients, 432 (63.62 %) were females with mean age of 51.81±11.43. Out of total patients, 0.56 % were diagnosed with retinopathy, 0.84 % with nephropathy, 0.28 % with neuropathy, 28.17 % with ischemic heart diseases, 8.45 % with stroke, and 5.35 % with peripheral vascular disease. Overall, 55.77 % of T2DM patients were hypertensive and 0.56 % experienced impotence. Significant association of hypertension (P=0.0072), ischemic heart disease (IHD; P=0.0001), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD; P=0.014) was observed at gender level in the study subjects. This study indicates high prevalence of macro-vascular complications along with high triglyceride level and hypertension among T2DM patients. A study with larger sample set is suggested to explore the relation of genetic and environmental factors on disease progression and subpopulation variations. Keywords Type 2 diabetes. Epidemiology. Micro-vascular complications. Macro-vascular complications Attributed to Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB),
Prevalence of diabetic micro vascular complications at a tertiary care unit of Karachi, Pakistan
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2018
To determine the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated risk factors among subjects with type 2 diabetes reported at a tertiary care unit of Karachi, Pakistan. This retrospective observational study was carried out in the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), a tertiary care diabetes center of Karachi from January 2005 to April 2016. Data records of patients with type 2 diabetes at presentation were analyzed. Selected data was extracted from Health Management System (HMS) including basic demographics, anthropometric measurements, biochemical results, medical information, and microvascular complications results. Data analysis was performed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Overall, prevalence of at least one microvascular complication was 56.9%, retinopathy 15.8%, nephropathy 31.0%, and neuropathy 48.7% were noted. Male gender, age ≥ 40 years, duration of diabetes > 10 years, obesity, hypertension, HbA1c > 7%, and low HDL were found to be significant risk factors for microvascular complication. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were significantly associated with nephropathy and neuropathy, whereas no significant association of high LDL was found with any complication. High prevalence of microvascular complications was observed among type 2 diabetic subjects visited first time at a tertiary care hospital. Early identification and effective management are required at primary and secondary care levels to combat this situation.
International Journal of Diabetes Mellitus, 2010
Objective: To identify current clinical status of type 2 diabetic outpatients and to determine the prevalence of diabetic complications and risk factors. Material and method: Prospective cross-sectional study design was used in the data collection process. The study sample consists of 1077 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus outpatients who fit the inclusion criteria. All the patients were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinics from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The study period was from January till December 2007. Demographic data, clinical status of diabetes and its complications were collected and analyzed for the prevalence of complications and risk factors. Results: One thousand and seventy seven type 2 diabetes outpatients were included in the present study. Mean age was 58.3 years and duration of diabetes was 11 years. Only 23.4% of the subjects achieved HbA1c of 67%, 53.5% of patients had achieved target FPG 66.7 mmol/l, and 60.4% of the patients had achieved optimal postprandial plasma glucose level <10 mmol/l. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 93.7%, hypertension was 92.7% and obesity was 81.5%. Nephropathy was the most common complication accounting for 91.0% followed by neuropathy 54.4%, retinopathy 39.3%, and macrovascular complications 17.5%. The vascular complications were significantly associated with the age (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), and triglyceride (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia, hypertension and obesity were high. The high prevalence of vascular complications was associated with age, BMI and triglyceride of diabetic patients. Effort to treat triglyceride appropriately among elderly diabetic patients could be considered as a prime target.
2019
Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, patterns and predictors of diabetes complications among patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: A cross sectional observational study. Results: Out of total; 214 (53.4%) were male and 187(46.6%) were female. Mean age of the participants was (54.13±13.523). Neuropathy was the most prevalent complication, found in 20.9% of cases, followed by diabetic retinopathy (16.7%), heart diseases (9.5%), and nephropathy (3.7%). Obesity was found in 51% of the participants and was also significantly associated with the female gender (P value = 0.001). Hypertension, as a comorbid disease, was found in 49% of the participants and was significantly associated with the female gender (P value = 0.001). Conclusion: Neuropathy was the most prevalent micro vascular complication. Hypertension and obesity were very significant predictors of diabetes complications.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Introduction: The peoples suffering from diabetes are at greater risk for leading to diabetes related complication due to improper glycemic control resulting in micro or macrovascular complication. Methods: A descriptive survey based study was conducted. A total of 400 patients were interviewed by purposive sampling with their written information using series of questions with the help of a structured questionnaire. All the data was evaluated and results were given on percentage basis through SPSS20.00. Inclusion criteria were all diabetic patients having age between 30 years to 80 years. Exclusion criteria were diabetic patient with chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, alcohol misuse, pregnancy, lactating mother. Results: 306 (76%) patients were visit the hospital with some diabetic associated complications. 74 (24%) from diabetic nephropathy, 76 (26%) with diabetic retinopathy and 153(50%) with diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: Diabetic Associated Complications were more...
2018
Diabetic complications are common cause of morbidity and mortality in addition to a huge burden on healthcare system worldwide. Aim of this study was to know prevalence of various diabetic complications and their association with duration of diabetes in Type 2 diabetics of Jammu Region, winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir. Out of 200 diabetic patients selected for the study, 80 (40%) patients had not developed any complication. 120 (60%) of the patients were found to have developed one or more complications of diabetes. 46 (23%) were found to have microvascular complications, 32 (16%) macrovascular and 42 (21%) have both micro as well as macrovascular complication. It was observed, as the duration of diabetes increased the prevalence of microvascular complications increased from 1 to 15%, macrovascular complications from 1 to 7% and both micro and macrovascular complications increased from 0.5% to 10.5%. Increase in duration of diabetes leads to increase in complications.