Associations between occlusion, jaw relationships, craniofacial dimensions and the occurrence of palatally-displaced canines (original) (raw)
Related papers
International Orthodontics, 2017
Background and purpose: Cephalometric and arch measurements might predict the occurrence of a palatally-displaced impacted maxillary canine (PDC). Despite their clinical importance, studies in this regard are limited and controversial. Methods: In this case-control study, 35 PDC patients and 77 controls aged over 13 years were examined. Eleven cephalometric measurements: N-S, ANS-PNS, ANS-N, S-N-ANS, facial angle (FH/NPog), SNA, SNB, Y-axis (SN/SGn), gonial angle, Go-Gn/SN, and Jarabak Index were performed. The maxillary and mandibular intermolar and interpremolar widths were measured. Patients' sagittal skeletal relationships and centric occlusions (molar) were measured by radiographic and cast examinations. The differences between the two groups in terms of the above-mentioned cephalometric and anatomic variables were assessed using Chi 2 and Mann-Whitney U-tests (a = 0.05). Results: Chi 2 showed a significant negative association between dentoalveolar class I (molar) and PDC occurrence (P = 0.018), but not between PDC and skeletal sagittal relationships. Facial
Palatal displacement of canines and maxillary skeletal width
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2006
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a clinically significant association exists between maxillary skeletal width and palatal canine impaction, also known as palatally displaced canine (PDC). Methods: Seventy-nine patients with PDC were matched for age, sex, and malocclusion to 79 controls. Maxillary and mandibular skeletal widths and nasal cavity widths were measured on posteroanterior cephalograms; maxillary and mandibular intermolar widths were measured on dental casts; and maxillary interalveolar arch widths at 3 levels (canine, premolar, and first molar) were measured on occlusograms. Results: Only maxillary alveolar arch width at the canine level was significantly different between the 2 groups. However, further analysis showed that the presence of erupted deciduous or permanent canines, rather than their absence in the canine area (whether due to extraction, exfoliation, impaction, or not yet having erupted), was strongly associated with maxillary intercanine alveolar arch width. Conclusions: The additional finding in this study that the eruptive status of canines significantly affects maxillary alveolar arch width in this area suggests that maxillary intercanine alveolar arch width as measured in this or other studies is not a good predictor of PDC.
Relationship Between the Initial Position of Palatally Displaced Canines and Treatment Duration
Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences
This prospective study aimed to assess the positional features of palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDCs), their relationship with both cephalometric and dental cast measurements and treatment duration. Pretreatment panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts of 46 patients (23 patients with uni/bilateral PDC and 23 patients with Class I malocclusion) were collected. The mesial inclination of the permanent canine to the midline (α angle), the distance from the cusp tip of the permanent canine to the occlusal line (d distance), and the mesial position of the crown of the displaced canine (sector) were measured on the panoramic radiographs. SNA°, SNB°, ANB°, SN-GoGn°, SN-PP°, and PP-MP° angles and sagittal inclinations of the PDCs’ (C-PP°) were measured on cephalometric radiographs. Arch length discrepancies and transversal arch measurements were also performed. The Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare variables t...
European Journal of Orthodontics, 2005
The aetiology of palatal canine impaction is unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the occlusal features that could contribute to the aetiology of palatal maxillary canine impaction. The material consisted of the pre-treatment dental casts of 34 patients (27 female and seven male) with unilateral palatal canine impaction (impaction group). The average age of this group was 17.7 years (± 4.6). These were matched according to age, gender and type of malocclusion with a comparison group of pre-treatment dental casts from unaffected orthodontic patients. From the dental casts the following parameters were obtained: (1) dentoalveolar arch relationship, (2) missing or anomalous teeth, (3) the mesiodistal width of each maxillary tooth, (4) the upper arch perimeter, (5) the maxillary inter-premolar and inter-molar widths. The arch length-tooth size discrepancy was only calculated for subjects with no missing teeth. Palatal canine impaction occurred most frequently in subjects with a Class II division 2 malocclusion. There was an association between palatal canine impaction and anomalous lateral incisors (P = 0.01). The transverse arch dimension was signifi cantly wider in the impaction group than in the comparison group (P < 0.01). There was no statistically signifi cant difference in the mesiodistal width of maxillary teeth or in the arch length-tooth size discrepancy between the palatal canine impaction group and their matched comparisons (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the presence of an 'excess palatal width' and anomalous lateral incisor may contribute to the aetiology of palatal canine impaction.
Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association
To investigate if there is any relationship between palataly impacted canines and missing or anomalous lateral incisors as well as maxillary arch widths. METHODOLOGY: The materials for this study comprised of orthodontic records including orthopantomographs and dental casts of patients visiting the Dental OPD of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The sample size was 60 and was divided into 30 experimental subjects and 30 control subjects. The experimental group comprised of subjects having palatal canine impaction while the control group included subjects without palatal impactions. The presence of impacted canines was confirmed on OPG, their palatal presence was checked with horizontal parallax using an additional periapical radiograph. Dental casts were used not only to assess anomalies/ or absence of lateral incisors but also for measuring maxillary width from interpremolar and inter moalr distance. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Co-relation between incisor anomaly or absence with impaction was checked using fisher exact test. To see the significance of intermolar and interpremolar widths (mm) between case and controls, independent sample t test was applied. RESULT: Subjects with palatal canines had a weak association with anomalous and absent lateral incisors as 83% of experimental subjects and 93% of control subjects had normal lateral incisors. Maxillary width taken from inter-molar and inter-premolar distance, also had similar values between the experimental subjects and controls. CONCLUSION: There was no association between palataly impacted canines with absent and anomalous incisors nor with maxillary skeletal width.
Maxillary tooth size variation in dentitions with palatal canine displacement
The European Journal of Orthodontics, 2002
The association between the presence of palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDC) and other anomalies is well known, particularly with regard to the size and form of the lateral incisor. The present study investigated the connection between the maxillary canine anomaly and the existence of a reduction in the size of the other teeth in the maxilla in 58 consecutively treated patients (37 females, 21 males) aged 11-15 years, and compared these with a control group of 40 consecutively treated subjects (20 males, 20 females) with normally erupted maxillary canines. The findings indicate that the teeth of PDC males are reduced in size and similar to those of PDC females, in sharp contrast to the general population, where males have larger teeth. This is the result of a dimensional reduction in the teeth of PDC males, which was statistically significant for all teeth (P < 0.01) in the bucco-lingual (B-L) dimension, and for the first premolars and first molars in the mesio-distal (M-D) dimension. The sole teeth affected for both sexes were the lateral incisors in their B-L dimension. Bilaterally and unilaterally affected subjects presented differing M-D and B-L tooth dimensions.
BMC Medical Imaging, 2023
Objective Maxillary morphology has long been a subject of interest due to its possible impact on palatally and labially displaced canines. This study aims to conduct a comparison of the palate morphology between individuals with palatal and labially displaced canines and control subjects using statistical shape analysis on a coronal crosssectional of CBCT images. Materials and methods Patients aged between 12 and 43 years with palatally or labially displaced canines referred to Hamadan School of Dentistry between 2014 and 2019 were recruited for this retrospective study. The sample included 29 palatally displaced canines (PDC), 20 labially displaced canines (LDC), and 20 control groups (CG). Initially, the maxillary palate coronal section was acquired and landmarked in the region between the right and the left first molar. Procrustes and principal component analyses were used to identify the primary patterns of palatal shape variation. Statistical tests were then performed to examine both shape and size differences. Results According to the results of Hotelling's T2 test, there is a significant difference between the mean shape of palate in PDC and CG (P = 0.009), while the difference between the PDC-LDC and LDC-CG groups is not significant. The longest full Procrustes distance was observed between PDC and CG (distance = 0.043), and the shortest full Procrustes distance was observed between LDC and CG (distance = 0.029). The first two principal components accounted for 84.47% of the total variance. The predictive accuracy of the discriminant analysis model showed that 72.46% of cases were correctly classified into the three study groups. Conclusions In terms of centroid size, there was no significant difference in the sectional area between the three groups, but the difference between the mean shape of palate in the PDC and CG groups was significant. The PDC group showed more prominent mid-palatal area in the molar region.
Skeletal features in patient affected by maxillary canine impaction
Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 2013
Objective: To analyze the skeletal features of patients with maxillary canine impaction. Material and Methods: The complete pre-treatment records of 1674 orthodontic patients were examined. From the subjects with maxillary impacted canine 12 patients were excluded , remaining 108. The subjects with maxillary impacted canine were divided into two study groups: a palatally displaced canine group (PDCG) (77 patients) and a buccally displaced canine group (BDCG) (31 patients). The values of the skeletal features measured on the lateral cephalometric radiograph were compared with a control group (CG) of 121 subjects randomly selected from the initial sample without maxillary canine impaction. The statistical analysis of the difference between the study groups and the CG was tested using χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at P ≤0.05. Results: The CG was characterized by increased values of A point-Nasion-B point angle (ANB) and by a retropositioned or smaller lower jaw. PDCG patients showed normal skeletal features compared to the CG, presenting mainly I class and lower rank of II and III sagittal skeletal features. PDCG subjects presented also normal values of the Steiner vertical skeletal relationship angles with normal facial divergence compared to the CG. PDCG cases were also characterized by horizontal and prognathic growth. BDCG did not present significant differences in skeletal features compared to the CG, except for an increased ANB. Conclusions: Palatally displaced canine (PDC) was frequently the only orthodontic problem of patients and was not associated whit altered skeletal features. The frequent absence of malocclusion in PDC patients explains the delayed identification of this problem. BDCG patients did not present significant differences in skeletal features with respect to the orthodontic population. The presence of both buccally displaced canine (BDC) and malocclusion makes the patient with BDC both aware of the need for, and motivated to undergo, orthodontic treatment.
Skeletal Anomalies and Normal Variants in Patients with Palatally Displaced Canines
The Angle Orthodontist, 2009
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no increased prevalence of skeletal anomalies and/or normal variants as evidenced by the cephalometric radiographs of patients with palatally displaced canines (PDC). Materials and Methods: The treatment records of 38 white subjects between 14 and 20 years old with PDC were collected and evaluated retrospectively. Inclusion criteria for the study required that the case records include good-quality panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs with the first four cervical vertebrae clearly visible. The anomalies recorded for each case included sella bridge, atlanto-occipital ligament calcification or ponticulus posticus, and posterior arch atlas deficiency. A control group consisted of 70 consecutively treated subjects who had no other dental anomalies and whose maxillary canines had erupted normally. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to determine possible statistically significant di...
PubMed, 2017
Aim: To analyse the prevalence and the distribution of displaced, buccal/palatal maxillary canines, and the association with sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships in a southern Italian population. Materials and methods: Consecutive records of patients were examined. Inclusion criteria were: age 7-12 years, 1-2 cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stage, initial dental casts, intraoral photographs, panoramic, lateral and periapical radiographs. Subjects with at least one canine in Lindauer II, III or IV sector and/or α angle >31° were included in displaced maxillary canine (DMC) group, whereas those with both canines in sector I and α angle ≤31° were used as control group (CTR). According to canine bulges and/or x-ray examinations, DMC were then divided in palatal and buccal displaced canines (PDC/BDC). Sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships were evaluated using ANB and SN/GoMe angles. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the prevalence rates of skeletal features. Results: The sample consisted of 123 children, 40 DMC and 83 CTR. The DMC group included 11 PDC and 29 BDC subjects. The M:F ratio was 1:3 in PDC and BDC, 1:1 in CTR group. The unilateral-to-bilateral ratio was 1:1 and 3:1 in PDC and BDC subjects. The most common sector combination regarding unilateral and bilateral displacements was "II" and "II,II". PDC occurred more in Class I and in hyperdivergents, whereas BDC in Class I or II and in normodivergents. Conclusions: DMC occurred more often in females than in males. BDC was more common than PDC and unilateral displacements occurred more frequently than bilateral ones. No significant correlation with skeletal features was observed.