Label-Free Si3N4\hbox{Si}{3}\hbox{N}{4}Si3N4 Photonic Crystal Based Immunosensors for Diagnostic Applications (original) (raw)
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Label-free silicon photonic biosensors for use in clinical diagnostics
Silicon Photonics VIII, 2013
Silicon photonics is poised to revolutionize biosensing applications, specifically in medical diagnostics. Optical sensors can be designed to improve clinically-relevant diagnostic assays and be functionalized to capture and detect target biomarkers of interest. There are various approaches to designing these sensors -improving the devices' performance, increasing the interaction of light with the analyte, and matching the characteristics of the biomolecules by using architectures that complement the biosensing application. Using e-beam lithography and standard foundry processes, we have investigated Transverse Magnetic (TM) and Transverse Electric (TE) disk and ring resonators. TM devices hold the potential for higher sensitivity and large-particle sensing capabilities due to the increased penetration distance of light into the analyte. In addition, devices such as slot waveguide Bragg grating sensors have shown high sensitivities and high quality factors and may present advantages for specific biosensing applications. These devices have been investigated for wavelengths around λ=1550 nm (conventional wavelength window in fiber-optic communication) and λ=1220 nm, where the water absorption is greatly decreased, offering improved limits of detection. Using reversibly bonded PDMS microfluidic flow cells, the performance and bio-detection capabilities of these devices were characterized. Comparing binding performance across these devices will help validate architectures suitable for biological applications. The most promising sensors for each application will then be identified for further study and development. This paper will discuss the sensors' comparative advantages for different applications in biosensing and provide an outlook for future work in this field.
Eighth International Conference on Advanced Optical Materials and Devices (AOMD-8), 2014
It is presented the experimental results about the investigations of the efficiency of the structured nano-pourous silicon (sNPS) application as transducer in the immune biosensors designed for the control of retroviral bovine leucosis (RBL) and the determination of the level such mycotoxins as T2 and patulin among environmental objects. Today, there is an arsenal of the traditional immunological methods that allow for the biochemical diagnostics of the above diseases and control of toxins but they are deeply routine and can not provide the requirements of practice for express analysis, its low cost and simplicity. Early to provide practical demands we developed immune biosensors based on SPR, TIRE and thermistors. To find more simple variant of the assay we studied the efficiency sNPS as trasducer in immune biosensor. The registration of the specific signals was made by measuremets of level of chemiluminescence (ChL) or photocurrent. The sensitivity of biosensor for both variants of the specific signal registration at the determination of T2 and patulin was about 10-20 ng/ml. Sensitivity analysis of RBL by this immune biosensors exceeds traditionally used approaches including the ELISA-method too. The optimal serum dilution of blood at the screening leukemia should be no less than 1:100, or even 1:500. The immune biosensor may be applied too for express screening leucosis through analysis of milk. In this case the optimal serum dilution of milk should be about 1:20. The total time of analysis including all steps (immobilization of specific Ab or antigens on the transducer surface and measurements) was about 40 min and it may be a sharp decline if the above mentione sensitive elements will be immobilized preliminary measurements. It is concluded that the proposed type of transducer for immune biosensor is effective for analysis of mycotoxins in screening regime.
Label-free silicon photonic biosensor system with integrated detector array
Lab on a Chip, 2009
An integrated, inexpensive, label-free photonic waveguide biosensor system with multi-analyte capability has been implemented on a silicon photonics integrated circuit from a commercial CMOS line and tested with nanofilms. The local evanescent array coupled (LEAC) biosensor is based on a new physical phenomenon that is fundamentally different from the mechanisms of other evanescent field sensors. Increased local refractive index at the waveguide's upper surface due to the formation of a biological nanofilm causes local modulation of the evanescent field coupled into an array of photodetectors buried under the waveguide. The planar optical waveguide biosensor system exhibits sensitivity of 20%/nm photocurrent modulation in response to adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) layers less than 3 nm thick. In addition to response to BSA, an experiment with patterned photoresist as well as beam propagation method simulations support the evanescent field shift principle. The sensing mechanism enables the integration of all optical and electronic components for a multi-analyte biosensor system on a chip.
Disk-based one-dimensional photonic crystal slabs for label-free immunosensing
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2018
One-dimensional photonic crystal slabs are periodic optical nanostructures that produce guided-mode resonance. They couple part of the incident light into the waveguide generating bandgaps in the transmittance spectrum, whose position is sensitive to refractive index variations on their surface. In this study, we present one-dimensional photonic crystal slab biosensors based on the internal nanogrooved structure of Blu-ray disks for label-free immunosensing. We demonstrated that this polycarbonate structure coated with a critical thickness of TiO2 generates guided-mode resonance. Its optical behavior was established comparing it with other compact disk structures. The results were theoretically calculated and experimentally demonstrated, all them being in agreement. The bioanalytical performance of these photonic crystals was experimentally demonstrated in a model assay to quantify IgGs as well as in two immunoassays to determine the biomarkers C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase (detection limits of 0.1, 87, and 13 nM, respectively). The results are promising towards the development of new low-cost, portable, and label-free optical biosensors that join these photonic crystals with dedicated bioanalytical scanners based on compact disk drives.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012
Methodology for the functionalization of siliconbased materials employed for the development of photonic label-free nanobiosensors is reported. The studied functionalization based on organosilane chemistry allowed the direct attachment of biomolecules in a single step, maintaining their bioavailability. Using this immobilization approach in probe microarrays, successful specific detection of bacterial DNA is achieved, reaching hybridization sensitivities of 10 pM. The utility of the immobilization approach for the functionalization of label-free nanobiosensors based on photonic crystals and ring resonators was demonstrated using bovine serum albumin (BSA)/anti-BSA as a model system.
Label-Free Biosensors Based onto Monolithically Integrated onto Silicon Optical Transducers
Chemosensors
The article reviews the current status of label-free integrated optical biosensors focusing on the evolution over the years of their analytical performance. At first, a short introduction to the evanescent wave optics is provided followed by detailed description of the main categories of label-free optical biosensors, including sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), grating couplers, photonic crystals, ring resonators, and interferometric transducers. For each type of biosensor, the detection principle is first provided followed by description of the different transducer configurations so far developed and their performance as biosensors. Finally, a short discussion about the current limitations and future perspectives of integrated label-free optical biosensors is provided.
Biosensors, 2012
New silicon nitride coated optical gratings were tested by means of Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS). A thin layer of 10 nm of transparent silicon nitride was deposited on commercial optical gratings by means of sputtering. The quality of the layer was tested by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. As a proof of concept, the sensors were successfully tested with OWLS by monitoring the concentration dependence on the detection of an antibody-protein pair. The potential of the Si 3 N 4 as functional layer in a real-time biosensor opens new ways for the integration of optical waveguides with microelectronics.