Audit of Genito-Anal Injuries in male and femal sexual abuse cases - A retrospective study (original) (raw)
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Medico-legal assessment of sexual assault victims in Lahore
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2007
The objective of the study was the medico-legal assessment of sexual assault victims in Lahore, and to know the characteristics of the assailants in these cases. This study included all 123 female cases of alleged sexual assault that presented for medical examination at the office of the surgeon medico-legal Punjab at Lahore during 2002. Around 64% of the victims were between 10-19 years of age, 76% presented for medical examination after a delay of more than 72 hours. The assailant was known to the victim in 57% cases. Two or more assailants were involved in 30% cases. The victims had changed clothes and washed their bodies before the medical examination in 83% cases. Physical evidence of violence on the body was present in only 15% of the victims and evidence of recent injury to the genital tract was present in 18% individuals. However a positive semen analysis was reported in 98.35% of the samples. Sexual assault was more common in younger females. Late presentation for examinati...
GENITAL, PARAGENITAL AND EXTRAGENITAL INJURIES IN FEMALE SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE(Atena Editora), 2023
Introduction: The Comprehensive Organic Penal Code of Ecuador (COIP) defines sexual violence as “the person who, as a manifestation of violence against women, interposes another person and forces them to have sexual relations and other similar practices”; A fatal outcome in a case of violence is death, which, due to resistance to the attack, the victims die from strangulation, trauma or bleeding wounds. Objective: Differentiate genital, paragenital and extragenital injuries in crimes of female sexual violence through a systematic review of the literature that contributes to the resolution of legal medical processes. Methodology: This is a study carried out in a retrospective descriptive manner through a bibliographic review in the scientific bases of SCIELO, EBSCO, PUBMED, MESH, to extract qualitative information by collecting information on genital injuries in cases of sexual violence. Results: In the exhaustive search for evidence-based medicine articles in different digital repositories, around 3584 articles were found, of which 27 articles were collected that constitute extragenital, genital and extragenital injuries in sexual violence; 3 books about medical legal foundations. Conclusion: According to the reviewed literature, the role of the doctor is reaffirmed when receiving a patient who is a victim of sexual rape; The professional who captures the patient must perform a physical examination which determines if there are genital injuries in the victim. This procedure is mandatory for medical officials to lead to an investigation.
BMC women's health, 2015
The prevalence of genito-anal injuries in rape survivors varies significantly and the factors associated with the absence of injuries are not well understood. This plays a major role in the conviction of cases as the absence of injury is equated with a lack of assault. In such cases, health care providers face major challenges in presenting and defending their findings. The aim of this paper is to describe the absence of genito-anal injuries by site in a group of rape survivors and to identify factors associated with the absence of these injuries. In a cross-sectional study rape cases reported to the police in one province in South Africa were randomly sampled using a two stage sampling procedure. Data were obtained on the survivor, the circumstances of the rape and the findings of the medicolegal examination. Descriptive statistics were conducted for the prevalence of genito-anal injuries by site and logistic regression models were built to identify factors associated with the abse...
THE MEDICO-LEGAL EXAMINATION OF THE MALE AGGRESSOR IN RAPE CASES
RJLM
Sexual abuse is one of the medico-social problems known for a long time, and systematically undervalued. The medico-legal examination of the aggressor in cases of rape is often overlooked by the criminal investigation department, by failing to request it on numerous occasions. During this study, the traumatic injuries are assessed: their localization, morphology and mechanism of appearance are evaluated, together with a detailed genital examination. Both the general traumatological and the genital examination can bring information about a possible recent sexual intercourse. Objectives. The objective of this study is to assess the traumatic injuries of the male aggressor in rape case and perform the evaluation of the post-coitus injuries that can confirm the recent sexual intercourse. Method and materials. We analyzed the medico-legal expert reports of the Bistrița Năsăud County Medico-Legal Service regarding the examination of male aggressors in cases of rape during a 3 year span, 01.01.2019-31.12.2021. Both the traumatic injuries the perpetrators presented and the signs that could be interpreted as the result of recent sexual intercourse were evaluated. Results. 26 examinations of the alleged perpetrators of rape crimes were evaluated. 3 persons did not present any signs that could have been interpreted as the result of a sexual intercourse; 23 of them presented either traumatic injuries or genital signs of recent sexual intercourse. Out of these, 1 presented traumatic injuries, and 15 presented genital signs of a recent sexual intercourse; only 7 persons presented both. The most common injuries associated were ecchymosis-in 2 cases, excoriations-1 case, ecchymosis and excoriations-5 cases, equally produced by biting or scratching. The genital signs of recent sexual intercourse were confirmed by the investigation carried out in 21 cases out of the 22 that presented such signs. Among the 22 cases with signs of recent sexual intercourse, these injuries/signs were present in various anatomical locations. Conclusions. The genital lesions found at the examination of the male aggressor in the case of rape crimes are useful to demonstrate the recent sexual intercourse.
Journal of Forensic Nursing, 2012
Methods of examining the sexual assault patient are not standardized and a definition of what constitutes significant genital injury after sexual assault (SA) remains controversial. This pilot study tests the empirical validity (initial differential validity) of a genital injury severity scale (GISS) under development by the authors with the hypothesis that women who report SA have more severe external genital injuries than those who engage in consensual intercourse (CI). In this observational, prospective study, an initially developed GISS is applied and the exam results of 59 CI volunteers and 185 SA patients are compared. All examinations were performed by experienced sexual assault forensic examiners (SAFE) using toluidine blue (TB) and colposcopy. The Independent Samples Median Test indicates a significant difference in median genital injury type between CI and SA subjects (p < 0.0001). There is a significant difference in the prevalence of Class A (less severe) and Class B injuries (more severe) between the SA and the CI groups (SA: Class A 60%/Class B 40%; CI: Class A 90%/Class B 10% (p= 0.0001)). This initial validation study shows effectiveness in using magnification and TB, combined with a standardized injury severity scale, in describing external genital injury in women after sexual intercourse.
Rape is a term used in legal medicine and criminology (1) and a form of rape (2), which means sexual intercourse with a person (child or adult) through vaginal, oral and anal sex without his/her consent. (1 and 3) Each year, millions of females and children around the world become the victim of rape and sexual abuse. In recent years, researchers have made efforts to investigate the issue of rape from different perspectives and explain it in specific areas (7) that one of these areas is checking physical condition and demographic characteristics. (8) Therefore this study has been done with the aim of evaluating the prevalence of physical injuries and demographic characteristics of female victims of rape, physical injuries referred to the forensics in Ahvaz. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 64 persons of rape victims referred to examinations of women section in forensics of the city of Ahvaz in the second half of 2013-2014 were selected as the sample of the research. For obtaining information, a two-part questionnaire including sexual assault and demographic characteristics was given to the cases and for recording the physical injuries inflicted upon the victims, some observation was done. Obtained information which was based on the objectives of the research was entered into the computer using software SPSS21 after coding and then descriptive statistics were analyzed. In this case, the majority of victims were single and the least of them had been divorced. Their highest level of education has been high school or diploma. In terms of economic status, most of them were in the medium level and a small population of them was in a good level of economic status. Most female victims had been raped by one man. In most female victims, defloration had been occurred. In general, the results of this study shows that the injury to the hymen (Defloration) has the highest percentage among inflicted injuries that according to the social and cultural conditions of the society as well as individuals’ attitude, this injury can greatly affect one's life.
2019
Objective: To observe the predominant age and gender involved in victims of sexual assault and to know the dimensions of this important public health concern by determining the frequent factors in women and children subjected to sexual assault. Methods: A cross tabulation analysis is conducted at King Edward Medical University after the approval from the ethical review committee. It is a retrospective study conducted from the Medicolegal cases of sexual assault presented at Medicolegal clinic in Emergency & Accident Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during the period of January 2016 to December 2018. The total the sample size is 99 using non probability purposive sampling technique. Results: In this study, the mean age (years) of the victim was 17.25 ± 8.43 with most of the victims lying in the age group of 11-15 years (38.38%) followed by the victims lying in the age group of 16-20 years (21.21%) out of which about 63% victims were female and 37% victims were male. About half of ...
Patterned genital injury in cases of rape - A case-control study
Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
A pattern of genital injury that separates trauma seen in sexual assault cases from trauma seen following consensual sexual intercourse has been a matter of debate. This study aimed at clarifying the question by eliminating as many confounders as possible in a prospective, case-control setup. A total of 98 controls and 39 cases were examined using the naked eye, the colposcope and toluidine blue dye followed by colposcopy. The overall frequency of having at least one lesion was strikingly similar in the two groups, but cases had significantly more abrasions, a trend towards more haematomas and a higher frequency of multiple lesions. Cases had a higher frequency of lesions in locations other than the 6 o'clock position. Our data suggests that cases have larger, more complex lesions. In conclusion, this study has confirmed the existence of different patterns of genital lesions. Background data for detection of genital lesions using the three most commonly used techniques is provid...