Microfluidic approach for production of lipid nanoparticles-based nano medicine (original) (raw)

Understanding the formation mechanism of lipid nanoparticles in microfluidic devices with chaotic micromixers

PloS one, 2017

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) or liposomes are the most widely used drug carriers for nanomedicines. The size of LNPs is one of the essential factors affecting drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficiency. Here, we demonstrated the effect of lipid concentration and mixing performance on the LNP size using microfluidic devices with the aim of understanding the LNP formation mechanism and controlling the LNP size precisely. We fabricated microfluidic devices with different depths, 11 μm and 31 μm, of their chaotic micromixer structures. According to the LNP formation behavior results, by using a low concentration of the lipid solution and the microfluidic device equipped with the 31 μm chaotic mixer structures, we were able to produce the smallest-sized LNPs yet with a narrow particle size distribution. We also evaluated the mixing rate of the microfluidic devices using a laser scanning confocal microscopy and we estimated the critical ethanol concentration for controlling the LNP...

Advanced Microfluidic Technologies for Lipid Nano-Microsystems from Synthesis to Biological Application

Pharmaceutics

Microfluidics is an emerging technology that can be employed as a powerful tool for designing lipid nano-microsized structures for biological applications. Those lipid structures can be used as carrying vehicles for a wide range of drugs and genetic materials. Microfluidic technology also allows the design of sustainable processes with less financial demand, while it can be scaled up using parallelization to increase production. From this perspective, this article reviews the recent advances in the synthesis of lipid-based nanostructures through microfluidics (liposomes, lipoplexes, lipid nanoparticles, core-shell nanoparticles, and biomimetic nanovesicles). Besides that, this review describes the recent microfluidic approaches to produce lipid micro-sized structures as giant unilamellar vesicles. New strategies are also described for the controlled release of the lipid payloads using microgels and droplet-based microfluidics. To address the importance of microfluidics for lipid-nan...

Synthesis of Polymer-Lipid Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Focusing for siRNA Delivery

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2016

Polyethylenimine (PEI) as a cationic polymer is commonly used as a carrier for gene delivery. PEI-800 is less toxic than PEI-25K but it is also less efficient. A novel nanocarrier was developed by combining PEI-800 with a pH-sensitive lipid to form polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (P/LNPs). They were synthesized by microfluidic focusing (MF). Two microfluidic devices were used to synthesize P/LNPs loaded with VEGF siRNA. A series of P/LNPs with different particle sizes and distributions were obtained by altering the flow rate and geometry of microfluidic chips, and introducing sonication. Furthermore, the P/LNPs can be loaded with VEGF siRNA efficiently and were stable in serum for 12 h. Finally, P/LNPs produced by the microfluidic chip showed greater cellular uptake as well as down-regulation of VEGF protein level in both A549 and MCF-7 with reduced cellular toxicity. All in all, the P/LNPs produced by MF method were shown to be a safe and efficient carrier for VEGF siRNA, with p...

Synthesis of Nanoscale Liposomes via Low-Cost Microfluidic Systems

Micromachines

We describe the manufacture of low-cost microfluidic systems to produce nanoscale liposomes with highly uniform size distributions (i.e., low polydispersity indexes (PDI)) and acceptable colloidal stability. This was achieved by exploiting a Y-junction device followed by a serpentine micromixer geometry to facilitate the diffusion between the mixing phases (i.e., continuous and dispersed) via advective processes. Two different geometries were studied. In the first one, the microchannels were engraved with a laser cutting machine on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheet and covered with another PMMA sheet to form a two-layer device. In the second one, microchannels were not engraved but through-hole cut on a PMMA sheet and encased by a top and a bottom PMMA sheet to form a three-layer device. The devices were tested out by putting in contact lipids dissolved in alcohol as the dispersed phase and water as the continuous phase to self-assemble the liposomes. By fixing the total flow r...

Microfluidic Manufacture of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Case Study on Tristearin-Based Systems

Drug Delivery Letters

Background: Solid lipid nanoparticles are lipid-based carriers that can be used for a range of drugs and biomolecules. However, most production methods currently used do not offer easy translation from laboratory preparation to scale-independent production. Objectives: Within this study, we have investigated the use of microfluidics to produce solid lipid nanoparticles and investigated their protein loading capability. In the development of this process, we have investigated and identified the critical process parameters that impact on the product attributes of the solid lipid nanoparticles. Method: Solid lipid nanoparticles based on Tristearin and 1,2-Distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolaminemethyl- polyethyleneglycol conjugate-2000 were formulated using the NanoAssemblr® Benchtop system. The flow rate ratio, total flow rate and initial protein concentration were investigated as process parameters and the particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drug loading and drug release were measured as ...

Continuous-Flow Production of Injectable Liposomes via a Microfluidic Approach

Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2017

Injectable liposomes are characterized by a suitable size and unique lipid mixtures, which require time-consuming and nonstraightforward production processes. The complexity of the manufacturing methods may affect liposome solubility, the phase transition temperatures of the membranes, the average particle size, and the associated particle size distribution, with a possible impact on the drug encapsulation and release. By leveraging the precise steady-state control over the mixing of miscible liquids and a highly efficient heat transfer, microfluidic technology has proved to be an effective and direct methodology to produce liposomes. This approach results particularly efficient in reducing the number of the sizing steps, when compared to standard industrial methods. Here, Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing chips were produced and used to form liposomes upon tuning experimental parameters such as lipids concentration and Flow-Rate-Ratios (FRRs). Although modelling evidenced the depe...

A facile microfluidic method for production of liposomes

Anticancer research

Ethanol injection is widely used in liposome preparation. However, the parameters determining particle size distribution of the liposomal preparation has not been fully defined. A syringe pump-driven microfluidic injection device was used to produce liposomes under different conditions. Particle size of the liposomes was decreased with decrease in needle diameter (or increase in hydrodynamic pressure), decrease in lipid concentration in the alcohol solution, decrease in phase transition temperature (T(m)) of the lipid bilayer and the absence of cholesterol (or decrease in, membrane rigidity). The device used is simple to adopt and can be used for affordable production of liposomes with tunable particle size.