Towards Analysis of Biblical Entities and Names using Deep Learning (original) (raw)

Network Analysis of Biblical Texts

Journal of Cognitive Historiography, 2016

This article presents examples of using Network Theory to analyse the text of the New Testament. We provide an introduction to the basic concepts of Network Theory and centrality measures in networks and suggest a simple method of creating word co-occurrence networks from passages. Special consideration is given to the psychological realism of the model in the context of the ancient Mediterranean world. Following a demonstration of the method on the first two verses of the Gospel of John, we compare multiple versions of a miracle story with the help of network analysis. The final part of the article demonstrates how the method can be extended to account for the knowledge of different readerships in the interpretation of the text.

Biblical names' relationships in the Gospel of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and Acts of Apostles

ArXiv, 2020

In this paper we extrapolate the information about Bible's characters and places, and their interrelationships, by using text mining network-based approach. We study the narrative structure of the WEB version of 5 books: the Gospel of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John and Acts of the Apostles. The main focus is the protagonists' names interrelationships in an analytical way, namely using various network-based methods and descriptors. This corpus is processed for creating a network: we download the names of people and places from Wikipedia's list of biblical names, then we look for their co-occurrences in each verse and, at the end of this process, we get N co-occurred names. The strength of the link between two names is defined as the sum of the times that these occur together in all the verses, in this way we obtain 5 adjacency matrices (one per book) of N by N couples of names. After this pre-processing phase, for each of the 5 analysed books we calculate the main network cent...

Network Science in Biblical Studies: Introduction

Annali di storia dell'esegesi, 2022

This article introduces the special issue of ASE on network science and biblical studies. After a short presentation of network science and the concept of networks, the article discusses the application of network science in three domains: the natural and built environment of ancient Judaism and Christianity, the social networks of Jewish and Christian actors, and the analysis of textual corpora. In the next part, some technical terms of network science are clarified. The introductory article concludes with the presentation of the contributions to the special issue.

The Bible as a Network of Memes: Analyzing a Database of Cross-References

Annali di storia dell'esegesi, 2022

This article puts forward the theory that the Bible is a network of cultural items (memes) that developed through an evolutionary process and has been transmitted for many centuries in a relatively stable form. Biblical cross-references reveal how the verses and passages of the Bible are connected into a network that is analogous to genetic networks in biology. The article presents a network model of cross-references, based on the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. The article discusses the history of the database and the origin of the references; network statistics that yield insights into the history of the cross-references; node centrality statistics and the popularity of the respective verses in the history of Western biblical interpretation; and the modular structure of the network. The results are interpreted as tentative evidence for the collective behavior of populations in Western history being co-determined by a network of biblical memes.

Interactive network graphs of Biblical Hebrew data

Knowledge workers, including Biblical Hebrew computational linguists, should look into the possibilities offered by graphical visualisation techniques to allow explorative investigation of available linguistic data, since this may prompt new hypotheses, which may then be examined in more traditional, empirical ways. This article experiments with two-dimensional and three-dimensional implementations of interactive network graphs to enable dynamic, "what-if" investigations, using semantic-role data from Genesis I:1-2:3, marked up in XML.

Kaše, V., Nikki, N., & Glomb, T. (2022). Righteousness in Early Christian Literature: Distant Reading and Textual Networks. Annali di storia dell’esegesi 39/2, 87-120.

The article joins the scholarly discussion about the meaning of righteousness lan- guage in biblical literature with consideration of changes in the concept from archaic Greek literature to fourth century Christian texts. The article seeks to showcase and evaluate how methods from the area of computational linguistics and distributional semantics can contribute to the discussion. The article suggests that, together with formal network models, namely word co-occurrence networks and similarity networks, the methods reveal changes in large corpora of textual data which are too subtle to be detected by close reading. On the other hand, some questions require or benefit greatly from combining distant and close reading methods.

"Network analysis reveals insights about the interconnections of Judaism and Christianity in the first centuries CE," Humanities & Social Sciences Communications (Springer Nature) 10:191 (2023)

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications (Springer Nature) , 2023

The development of the two religions: Christianity and Judaism, is a topic of much debate. Whereas Judaism and Christianity are known as separate religions, in fact, these two religions developed side by side. While earlier researchers conceptualized a "parting-of-the-ways," after which the two religions evolved independently, new studies reveal a multi-layered set of interactions throughout the first several centuries CE. Until recently, this question was explored with the limited source material and limited tools to analyze it. While working on a limited set of data, from a specific corpus, this project offers a new set of methodological tools, borrowed from computer sciences, that could ultimately serve for understanding the connections between Jews and Christians in late antiquity. We generated models of interreligious Christian-Jewish networks that demonstrate the scope, nature, and advantages of network analysis for revealing the complex intertwined evolution of the two religions. The Jewish corpora chosen for this research are rabbinic writings from late antique Babylonia and Palestine. Christian texts range from the first through sixth centuries CE. Instead of representing interactions between people or places, as is typically done with social networks, we model literary interactions that, in our view, indicate historical connections between religious communities. This novel approach allows us to visually represent sets of temporal-spatial-contextual relationships, which evolved over hundreds of years, in single snapshots. It also reveals new insights about the relationships between the two communities. For example, we find that rabbinic sources exhibit a largely polemical approach towards earlier Christian traditions but a non-polemical attitude towards later ones. Moreover, network analysis suggests a temporal-spatial familiarity correlation. Namely, Jewish sources are familiar with early, eastern Christian sources and with both Eastern and Western Christian sources in later periods. The application of network analysis makes it possible to identify the most influential texts-that is, the key "nodes"-testifying to the importance of certain traditions for both religious communities. Finally, the network approach is a tool for pointing scholarly research in new directions, which only reveals itself as a result of this type of mapping. In other words, the network not only describes the known data, but it is itself a way to enlarge the network and lead us down new and exciting paths that are currently unknown.

Righteousness in Early Christian Literature: Distant Reading and Textual Networks

2021

The article joins the scholarly discussion about the meaning of righteousness language in biblical literature with consideration of changes in the concept from archaic Greek literature to fourth century Christian texts. The article seeks to showcase and evaluate how methods from the area of computational linguistics and distributional semantics can contribute to the discussion. The article suggests that, together with formal network models, namely word cooccurrence networks and similarity networks, the methods reveal changes in large corpora of 1 This research article is a part of The Cultural Evolution of Moralizing Religions in the Ancient Mediterranean: A Distant Reading Approach project (Czech title “Kulturní evoluce moralizujících náboženství ve starověkém Středomoří: Přístup distančního čtení”) (GA20-01464S) funded by the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR). Authors who received funding from this project are VK, TG. NN’s project “Paul’s Ideas and the Ideas of Paul in Cultural Evol...