Photon Qudit (original) (raw)

In free space, a photon has two spin degrees of freedom, which means that it is a perfect flying qubit. Due to the nature of the interaction of the photon with the matter of the source, modulator and detector, the photon can theoretically easily transfer a quantum state to a stationary qubit. Which makes it possible to concatenate a quantum channel. Photon qudit is of course an area of basic and application research in the field of photon science, and in the area of its functionalization in telecommunications and computing. It is an important part of photon engineering and a new branch of photonics. The engineering of the photon, by adding additional degrees of freedom to the photon, makes it a qudit. The photon qudit, having all the advantages of a photon, becomes a carrier of a huge portion of quantum information, if only such a complex quantum system and the way of coding information in it can be functionalized. In simple terms, the most effective method of producing a functional photon qudit is to have an appropriate source capable of generating complex formats of the electromagnetic field containing a single ideal photon, or complex formats of a single or multiple photon, including a fractional photon. The very broad research topic on photon qudits is presented here, in a far from exhaustive way, with several examples of directions of work. KEYWORDS

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