Чернов С.З. Корзенев (Локализация центра волости московских князей XIV-XVI вв.) // Проблемы истории СССР. Вып. XIII. М.: Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 1983. С.19-26 (original) (raw)
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The article publishes the results of the study of the historical geography of land ownership of the Vorya «volost» (administrative formation resembling “hundreds” of Domesday Book (1085)), located 40 km northeast of Moscow. 52 acts of the XV century have been preserved on the territory of the «volost», which makes it promising for the study of land ownership. In the article, based on the description of 1542/1543, the core of the ancient princely lands (the village of Vvedenskoye and adjacent territories) is reconstructed. In addition, the location of the "service" lands is established, which by 1542/1543 were distributed to landowners. Localization of the data of 1542/1543 is based on the materials of the General Survey (1760-1770-ies.) as well as the boundary books of Vasily Fedorovich Yelchin and Konstantin Shorin 1680 – 1681 and Andrei Yuryevich Bestuzhev and Vasily Domashnev 1680. В статье публикуются результаты изучения исторической географии землевладения волости Воря, располагавшейся в 40 км к северо-востоку от Москвы. По территории волости сохранилось 52 акта XV в., что делает ее перспективной для исследования землевладения. В статье на основе описания 1542/1543 г. реконструируется ядро древних княжеских земель (село Введенское и прилегающие территории). Кроме того устанавливается местоположение «служних» земель, которые к 1542/1543 г. были розданы помещикам. Локализация данных 1542/1543 г. опирается на материалы Генерального межевания (1760-1770-е гг.) а также межевых книг Василия Федоровича Елчина и Константина Шорина 1680 – 1681 гг. и Андрея Юрьевича Бестужева и Василия Домашнева 1680 г
Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики, 2024
The article publishes the results of the study of the historical geography of land ownership of the Volost of Vorya (administrative formation resembling “hundreds” of Domesday Book (1085)), located 40 km north-east of Moscow. 52 acts of the 15th century have been preserved in relation to the volost territory, which makes it promising for the study of landownership. The possessions of Ivan Smolnyaninov (Konoterebovo-Muromtsevo village, Beseda land), Valuevs (Petrovskoye and Bogorodskoye villages), Salarevs (Faustovskoye and Kozlovskoye villages), Ostankovs-Tsarevs, as well as the lands of Ilyinsky and Troitsky on Bereznik monasteries are analyzed. A significant part of the patrimony was formed in the first quarter of the 15th century, during the period when the Volost of Vorya was part of the inheritance of Prince Peter Dmitrievich Dmitrovsky. As archaeological research shows, patrimonial estates arise mainly on the periphery of the volost. The settlements of Ivan Smolnyaninov’s patrimony arose in the 14th – early 15th century and had no continuity with the settlements and land borders of the pre-Mongol period located on this territory. В статье публикуются результаты изучения исторической географии землевладения волости Воря, располагавшейся в 40 км к северо-востоку от Москвы. По территории волости сохранилось 52 акта XV в., что делает ее перспективной для исследования землевладения. Анализируются владения Ивана Смолнянинова (с. Конотеребово-Муромцево, земля Беседа), Валуевых (с. Петровское и с. Богородское), Саларевых (с. Фаустовское и с. Козловское), Останковых-Царевых, а также земли Ильинского на Воре и Троицкого на Березнике монастырей. Значительная часть вотчин складывается в первой четверти XV в., в период, когда волость Воря входила в удел князя Петра Дмитриевича Дмитровского. Как показывают археологические исследования, вотчины возникают, главным образом, на периферии волости. Поселения вотчины Ивана Смолнянинова появились в XIV – начале XV в. и не имели преемственной связи с поселениями и земельными границами домонгольского времени, располагавшимися на этой территории.
The paper proposes methods for the comprehensive study of microregions of medieval Russia. They involve the reconstruction of land ownership structures based on written and cartographic sources. In addition, archaeological research of these areas allows us to study the types of management and strategies of agricultural development of territories. The results of such studies for the Moscow land (Moscow districts, Volok Lamsky, Radonezh) are analyzed. The regions of North-Eastern Russia have been identified, for which a significant number of land acts have been preserved. В работе предложены методы комплексного изучения микрорегионов средневековой Руси. Они предполагают реконструкцию структур землевладения на основе письменных и картографических источников. Кроме того археологическое исследования этих районов позволяет изучить типы хозяйствования и стратегии промыслового и земледельческого освоения территорий. Проанализированы результаты подобных исследований для Московской земли (округа Москвы, Волок Ламский, Радонеж). Выделены районы Северо-восточной Руси, по которым сохранилось значительное число поземельных актов.
The paper considers the land holdings in the territory of Volokolamsk of the service people of the Mizhukvykh, Shcherbinin, Brekhov, Okorokov and Gubin. The observations made allow us to consider reliable the legend that their common ancestor Onufriy served Prince Vsevolod Alexandrovich Kholmsky. Prince Vsevolod Alexandrovich sought support in Moscow in 1346/1347. Therefore, it cannot be excluded that one of his vassals transferred to the Moscow service and received possessions on the Volokolamsk. В работе рассмотрены земельные владения на территории Волока Ламского служилых людей Мижуквых, Щербининых, Бреховых, Окороковых и Губиных. Сделанные наблюдения позволяют считать достоверным предание о том, что их общий предок Онуфрий служил князю Всеволоду Александровичу Холмскому. Князь Всеволод Александрович искал поддержки в Москве в 1346/1347 г. Поэтому нельзя исключить, что один из его вассалов перешел на московскую службу и получил владения на Волоке Ламском.
The article is devoted to the community of free peasants in Russia in the 14th-15th centuries. (volost), which for the time being remains an unsolved social institution. It does not fit in either the parameters of the hypothetical "community" of the pre-state period, nor in the parameters of the princely manor. The author studies how the peasants received land plots, what these plots represented themselves, how the whole system functioned technically. The place of action is the lands of the Pereiaslav principality, which were annexed to the Moscow principality in 1302. More specifically, this is the administrative formation of Kinela in 70 km to the north-east of Moscow. Even more specifically - "Ploschevskaya volost" - part of Kinela, where in the XIV-XV centuries manors did not have time to appear and where the archaic pre-manorial system of the free peasants possessions in the prince's lands was preserved. The author's method is to localize on a modern map and to establish the dimensions of individual land holdings that were provided to peasants (they are referred to in the documents of 1462-1518 as "men of Ploshchevichi"). One of such possessions, where in the beginning of XV century founded the hamlet of Konan Shilov, was surveyed archaeologically. Traces of this XV century hamlet were found. At 50 meters from them were found traces of another site, which dates from the second half of the 13th century. This finding showed that the system of distribution of plots of land in Ploschevskaya volost began to operate during the reign of Alexander Nevsky (1252 - 1263) and his children, when the process of the settling of watersheds began in this region. The author comes to the conclusion that the system of obtaining land plots by peasants was based on the original and completely forgotten in modern times understanding of the principles of property. Volost organization of Russia XIV-XV centuries. reminded the service organizations that existed in Poland and the Czech state in the 12th-13th centuries. With caution, we can talk about its distant relationship with institutions such as the Norwegian Odal, which existed on the periphery of Europe (Ireland, Frisia, Norway), unaffected by the influence of Roman legal institutions. Social institutions of that type even to this day arouse surprise among researchers.
Чернов С.З. Век Московского царства // Знание - сила. 1997. № 5. С. 60 - 68
The article attempts to describe the role of Moscow in shaping the culture and society of Russia at the end of the XV - XVI century. The author refers to the monuments of architecture and urban planning, painting and material culture. В статье содержится попытка описать роль Москвы в формировании культуры и общества России конца XV - XVI века. Автор обращается к памятникам архитектуры и градостроительства, живописи и материальной культуры.
The article publishes the materials of archaeological excavations of the village of Bolshevo-3 on the upper reaches of the Klyazma River in the XI first half of the XII century. This settlement controlled the trade route from the Klyazma River to the Moscow River. The found materials are considered against the background of settlements with stucco ceramics of the valley of the Moskva River. The ceramic tradition of the Romensk culture prevailed in the valley of the Moscow River. Vessels made under the influence of the ceramic tradition of the Merya tribe predominate in Bolshevo. В статье публикуются материалы археологических раскопок селища Болшево-3 на верхнем течении р. Клязьмы XI первой половины XII в. Это поселение контролировало торговый путь от реки Клязьмы к реке Москва. Найденные материалы рассмотрены на фоне поселений с лепной керамикой долины Москвы-реки. В долине р. Москвы преобладала керамическая традиция Роменской культуры. В Болшево преобладают сосуды, выполненные под влиянием керамической традиции племени меря.