3 dimensional fabrics for ballistic impact response: A Critical Evaluation (original) (raw)

IJERT-Ballistic Impact Resistance Mechanism of Woven Fabrics and their Composites

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2016

https://www.ijert.org/ballistic-impact-resistance-mechanism-of-woven-fabrics-and-their-composites https://www.ijert.org/research/ballistic-impact-resistance-mechanism-of-woven-fabrics-and-their-composites-IJERTV4IS120160.pdf The development of the new generation of tough, high-strength, high-modulus fibers has led to the use of fabrics and their composites for a number of ballistic protection applications, in particular, for body armor. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify material properties and ballistic impact resistance mechanism that are important to the performance of ballistic fibers and their composites. The paper reviews the factors that influence ballistic performance including mechanisms of ballistic impact resistance, specifically, material properties of the yarn, fabric architecture, projectile geometry and impact velocity, boundary conditions, multiple plies and friction effect. It is important to note that almost all of the parameters that affect ballistic penetration resistance of a fabric are interrelated and the attempts to single out an individual effect cannot lead to a conclusive result. This makes the studies very complicated.

Woven fabric and composites architecture strategies towards ballistic impact protection

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH CONFERENCE - 12TH EURECA 2019, 2019

Woven fabric composites based on different technical fiber material and different design architecture continue to be an attractive structural component against ballistic impact. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify material properties and design architecture that plays a role in determining the ballistic performance. This paper presents a short review on influence features that are important in enhancing the ballistic performance. Each of the features is outlined in depth including citation from its original references. Apart from this, an attempt to showcase trend in recent research publications and activity involves 2D, 3D and hybrid woven fabric composites is also covered. The reference list will provide a database for elementary knowledge and motivation for prospective research in woven composites.

Ballistic impact behaviour of woven fabric composites: Formulation

International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006

Resistance to high velocity impact is an important requirement for high performance structural materials. Even though, polymer matrix composites are characterized by high specific stiffness and high specific strength, they are susceptible to impact loading. For the effective use of such materials in structural applications, their behaviour under high velocity impact should be clearly understood. In the present study, investigations on the ballistic impact behaviour of two-dimensional woven fabric composites have been presented. Ballistic impact is generally a low-mass high velocity impact caused by a propelling source. The analytical method presented is based on wave theory. Different damage and energy absorbing mechanisms during ballistic impact have been identified. These are: cone formation on the back face of the target, tension in primary yarns, deformation of secondary yarns, delamination, matrix cracking, shear plugging and friction during penetration. Analytical formulation has been presented for each energy absorbing mechanism. Energy absorbed during each time interval and the corresponding reduction in velocity of the projectile has been determined. The solution is based on the target material properties at high strain rate and the geometry and the projectile parameters. Using the analytical formulation, ballistic limit, contact duration at ballistic limit, surface radius of the cone formed and the radius of the damaged zone have been predicted for typical woven fabric composites. The analytical predictions have been compared with the experimental results. A good correlation has been observed. r

Effects of architecture on ballistic resistance of textile fabrics: Numerical study

International Journal of Damage Mechanics, 2013

Composite textiles composed of materials such as Kevlar, Dyneema and Zylon are extensively used in many force/impact protection applications, such as body armor, and automobile and airplane engine fragment resistant containment. Significant effort has been devoted to ballistic testing of composite fabrics made from various manufacturing processes and designs. Performing comprehensive ballistic and impact tests for these composite textiles is a very time-consuming and costly task. Numerical models are presented in this research, thereby providing predictive capability for the manufacturer and designer to minimize field testing, as well as shedding light on to the damage mechanisms of composite fabrics subjected to ballistic impact. Several representative composite fabric architectures (such as plain weave, basket weave and knitted fabrics) are generated for finite element analysis. Numerical investigation is conducted on these fabric structures of the same mass per unit area subjected to projectile impacts. Failure patterns of woven and knitted fabrics obtained from numerical simulations are compared with those observed experimentally. Performances of the representative textile structures are evaluated based on the resultant velocity of the projectile, as well as various energy components. The influences of yarnyarn and yarn-projectile friction properties on the ballistic performance of various textile structures are presented. To highlight the effects of projectile geometry and angular rotation on the fracture of woven and knitted fabrics, a series of simulations are also performed with three distinctive projectiles of the same mass and impact energy.

Ballistic impact mechanisms – A review on textiles and fibre-reinforced composites impact responses

Composite Structures, 2019

Ballistic impact mechanism is a very complex mechanical process mainly depends on the thickness, strength, ductility, toughness and density of the target material and projectile parameters. Nowadays, the developments of tough, high-strength, high-modules fibres have led to the use of fabrics and their composite laminates for various impact-related applications. In this review paper, the various ballistic textiles and composites involved in the ballistic application including body armour will be outlined. Besides, various technical approaches used for better understanding of the very complex process of the ballistic impact mechanisms and their responses of the materials will be discussed. The different influential mechanisms which prominently affect the ballistic impact performances of the target will be discussed. While discussing the different factors, beside experimental research work different analytical, numerical modelling and empirical techniques based research approaches have been also considered.

Numerical Analysis of the Ballistic Impact Behavior of 2D Woven Fabrics

Open Access Library Journal, 2024

Numerical simulations of the impact behavior of a single layer of 2D woven fabrics at low-velocity are presented. The configurations considered for the studies are three different architectures of 2D woven fabrics (plain weave, twill weave and satin weave) made of Kevlar and UHMWPE fibers. The numerical models are formulated and used to investigate the ballistic impact behavior of 2D woven fabrics when the fabrics are clamped along all four edges (4BC) or two edges (2BC). In this paper, the ballistic performance of 2D woven fabrics is first evaluated in terms of their structural integrity after impact, and the effect of boundary conditions by changing border constraints is investigated in numerical simulations. Subsequently, the effect of fracture behavior of primary and secondary yarns, energy absorption behavior and failure mechanism of 2D woven fabrics were discussed. It was found that the UHMWPE fabrics outperformed the Kevlar fabrics in terms of energy absorption. In addition, it was found that the fabrics with two fixed edges reduce the residual velocity of the bullet more and absorb more energy than fabrics with four fixed edges. Numerical predictions have shown that plain weaves are the most structurally stable fabrics. The ballistic performance, as well as the structural and mechanical properties of twill weaves, lie between the plain and satin weaves.

Effect of Textile Architecture on Energy Absorption of Woven Fabrics Subjected to Ballistic Impact

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

Woven fabrics are widely used in various protective applications. The effects of different woven architectures (such as plain, basket, twill and satin) on impact resistance performance have not been adequately studied. In this work, high-speed impact testing on single layer plain weave structures has been carried out using a gas gun experimental setup. Ballistic resistance performance of the woven fabric is evaluated based on the resultant velocity of the projectile, as well as the post-mortem failure analysis. Finite element computational models are presented in this research, thereby providing predictive capability for the manufacturer and designer in order to minimise field testing, as well as shedding light on to the damage mechanisms of composite fabrics subjected to ballistic impact. The numerical model is validated with the experimental results in terms of dissipated energy and resultant velocity. Numerical investigation is conducted on other woven structures of identical areal density for comparison, revealing the importance of fabric architecture. The influences of yarn-yarn and yarn-projectile friction properties on the ballistic performance of various textile structures are also presented.

Analysis ballistic impact modeling of multicomponent fabrics with jalaba structure

MATEC Web of Conferences

Various textile materials have been employed in the past for protection against the ballistic with only limited satisfaction without realizing in underlying mechanism of ballistic impact. The multicomponent fabrics was prepare by nylon yarn with plain constraction with thickness of 0.18 mm. The multicomponent fabrics were made 35 layers (laminated) with various thickness. A computational constitutive model has been developed to characterize the progressive failure behaviours of multicomponent fabrics with jalaba structure as reinforcement under high velocity impact conditions. Test result indicates that multicomponent fabric with jalaba structure can reach second level of International Standar of NIJ-010104 for hand gun (revolver) at shoot distance 5 meters. If compared with panel from biotextile composite the multicomponent fabrics have advantages in structure stability, flexibility, lightly and confortable. The integrated modeling was sucessful utilized to predict the damage and b...

Influence of boundary conditions on the ballistic performance of high-strength fabric targets

International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2005

High-strength fabric is commonly used in personnel protection systems against small arms projectiles and fragments. An understanding of the characteristics of high-strength fabric under ballistic impact would provide useful insights for fabric armor design. A numerical model is formulated and used to study the perforation of square cross-woven fabric targets when the fabric is (i) clamped along all four edges with its yarns aligned parallel to the edges, (ii) clamped along all four edges with yarns running 451 to the edges and (iii) clamped along two edges with yarns aligned parallel to the edges. In addition, high-speed ballistic tests are carried out to validate the computational results. It is found that the ballistic resistance of such systems is sensitive to boundary conditions and yarn orientation. Targets that are unclamped on two edges can absorb more impact energy than those with all four sides clamped. Orientating the yarns 451 to the clamped edges can improve energy absorption significantly. Stresses in primary yarns (those in contact with the projectile) increase rapidly when their ends are clamped; this leads to rapid failure at the impact point and a lower-energy absorption. For fabrics clamped along four edges, the regions near the four corners are not stretched during impact if the yarns are parallel to the edges, whereas clamping with the yarns 451 to the edges facilitates energy dissipation by the entire fabric. It is also observed that slippage at clamped edges contributes to higher energy absorption by fabric targets.