Thermal stability and flame retardancy of polyester, cotton, and relative blend textile fabrics subjected to sol-gel treatments (original) (raw)
Related papers
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013
This paper describes the effectiveness of novel phosphorousenitrogen intumescent flame retardant system (ammonium polyphosphate 202 and PPM Triazine HF e trademark, abbrev. IS) on fire retardancy and thermal stability properties of polypropylene (abbrev. PP) at incorporation level below the standard amount required for intumescent flame retardant system. UL-94 vertical burning test revealed that the addition of 20 wt.% of IS into neat PP is enough to reach V-0 rating (short burn without dripping). Further, a higher increase of the oxygen concentration for ignition was also found with the addition of the novel intumescent flame retardant to neat PP; LOI value of neat PP by addition of 20 wt.% IS rose from 19 to 31 vol.%.
In this study, the novel halogen-free flame retardants (PSiN, A and B), which contain phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon, have been synthesized. The structure of PSiN-A is characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and its thermal property is studied through thermo gravimetric analysis TGA). PSiN-A and B were blended with polypropylene(PP) to obtain PP/PSiN composites. The flame-retardant properties of PP/PSiN composites are estimated by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) values, and their degradation behaviors are investigated through TGA, under nitrogen from room temperature to 800°C. The fire performance of PP is improved by PSiN(A or B): the LOI value of PP/PSiN-A reach 26.0 vol% and the char yield is at 27 wt% at 800°C. The phosphorus in PSiN provides possibility for the PP blends to form char, and the silicon improves the thermal stability of char. The active energies of PSiN and PP are calculated through the method of Horowitz-Metzger. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46: 344 -350, 2006.
Flame‐retardant effects of cyclic phosphonate with HALS and fumed silica in polypropylene
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2019
In this study, an N-alkoxy-hindered amine-based UV stabilizing agent (NOR-116) and nanosized silica particles (Aerosil R-972) were combined with a cyclic phosphonate based-flame retardant (FR; PCO-900) and incorporated into polypropylene via melt extrusion in a microcompounder. In order to stimulate the conditions in the favor of further processing such as fiber spinning, the content of additives in polypropylene was kept low (up to 6.5 wt %). The effects of the PCO-900, alone and in combination with NOR-116 and Aerosil-R972, on the flammability and thermal stability of polypropylene were evaluated by limit oxygen index (LOI) tests, cone calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The proposed system with 3.5 wt % PCO-900/1.5 wt % NOR-116/1 wt % Aerosil-R972 decreased the heat release, increased the LOI and thermo-oxidative stability, and, thus, improved the fire resistance of polypropylene. The possible mode of FR activity was also discussed based on the analysis.
2013
Diethylphosphatoethyltriethoxysilane has been used as a functional alkoxysilane in consecutive sol-gel depositions on cotton fabrics, for obtaining architectures with a different number of layers (namely, 1, 3 or 6 layers). The role of such architectures has been deeply investigated and correlated with the final properties of the treated fabrics. Afterwards, 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane and N,N,N',N',N'',N''-hexakis-methoxymethyl-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triamine have been reacted with diethylphosphatoethyltriethoxysilane to investigate the effect of the concurrent presence of Si, P and N on the flame retardancy properties of the cellulosic fabrics. Finally, the synergistic or additive effects due to the concurrent presence of phosphorus and nitrogen-based compounds have been thoroughly investigated. Flammability and cone calorimetry tests have shown that only phosphorus (i.e. bisphosphonate) is able to promote a certain synergism with the sol-gel derived oxide phases in terms of residue, heat release rate and total burning time.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2007
In this study, flame retardancy properties of fabrics treated with phosphorous (P) doped and undoped SiO 2 thin films were developed by sol-gel technique. As to this aim, P-doped and undoped SiO 2 film were coated on cotton fabric from the solutions prepared from P, Si-based precursors, solvent, and chelating agent at low temperature in air using sol-gel technique. To determine solution characteristics, which affect thin film structure, turbidity, pH values, and rheological properties of the prepared solutions were measured using a turbidimeter, a pH meter, and a rheometer machines before coating process. The thermal, structural, and microstructural characterization of the coating were done using differential thermal analysis/thermograviometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, tensile strength, wash fastness, flame retandancy, and lightness properties of the coated fabrics were determined. To compensate the slight loss of tensile strength of samples, which occurred at the treated fabrics with P-doped Si-based solutions, the cotton fabrics were coated with polyurethane films during second step. In conclusion, the flame retardant cotton fabric with durability of washing as halogen-free without requiring after treatment with formaldehyde was fabricated using solgel processing for the first time. Moreover the cotton fabrics, which were treated with P-doped Si-based solutions and then coated with polyurethane at second step, still has got nonflammable property.
Recent Advances for Flame Retardancy of Textiles Based on Phosphorus Chemistry
Polymers, 2016
This paper aims at updating the progress on the phosphorus-based flame retardants specifically designed and developed for fibers and fabrics (particularly referring to cotton, polyester and their blends) over the last five years. Indeed, as clearly depicted by Horrocks in a recent review, the world of flame retardants for textiles is still experiencing some changes that are focused on topics like the improvement of its effectiveness and the replacement of toxic chemical products with counterparts that have low environmental impact and, hence, are more sustainable. In this context, phosphorus-based compounds play a key role and may lead, possibly in combination with silicon-or nitrogen-containing structures, to the design of new, efficient flame retardants for fibers and fabrics. Therefore, this review thoroughly describes the advances and the potentialities offered by the phosphorus-based products recently developed at a lab-scale, highlighting the current limitations, open challenges and some perspectives toward their possible exploitation at a larger scale.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1985
The action of some mixtures of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and polyurethanes (PUr) as flame retardant (FR) agents for polypropylene (PP) was examined. The APP-PUr systems behave as intumescent flame retardant (IFR) formulations. The IFR action of these systems is described by the comparison of the oxygen index (01) values measured on molded pellets and on molded rods, by measurements of the polymer temperature just below the burning surface and by visual observations. A strong synergism between APP and some polyurethanes, having piperazine units in the polymer chain, was ascertained with a maximum 3:l ratio. Our results also indicate that only polyurethanes with specific structure, in combination with APP, are active as IFR agents on PP combustion.
Intumescent flame retardants for polymers. IV. The polycarbonatearomatic sulfonates system
Journal of Polymer …, 1988
The mechanism of action of aromatic sulfonates as flame retardant (FR) agents on poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (PC) has been investigated. These compounds are capable of inducing a self-extinguence in PC even when present in very low amounts (0.2-1%). Thermogravimetric and flash pyrolysis-GC-M!3 data show the thermal degradation rate of PC enhanced, and the distribution of the volatile pyrolysis products was modified by these additives. Oxygen Index (01) and Nitrous Oxide Index (NOI) measurements indicate a FR condensed-phase mechanism of these additives. Traces of polymer surface temperature against time, measured under forced flame conditions, show that the expanded carbon layer formed in the combustion of polycarbonatearomatic d f o n a t e blends produces a heat insulating effect toward the undecomposed bulk. The overall evidence leads us to conclude that aromatic sulfonates cause the flame extinguishment in polycarbonate by an intumescent phenomenon.