Assessment of ecological restoration success and vegetation dynamics through spatial-temporal change detection in Gevra opencast mine, Korba coalfield, India (original) (raw)
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Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management), 2014
The focus of monitoring was the plant purposely cultivated because after re-vegetation, there were a very few of other plants growing naturally on reclimed coal mining area which were recorded, whereas these plants had important values. The research aimed to record all plants and to identify predominant plants over the reclaimed land of PT 2 Adaro Indonesia. There were four sampling locations with 13 squares of 50 × 20 m on each location established and 2 on each square there were 5 plots of 2 × 2 m plotse made. Both plant species and its individual number of woodyplant saplings were recorded on each square, so in each plot, there were small species and its individual number of either woody-plant seedlings or non-woody plants (herbs/shrubs, grasses, ferns). The relative density and the relative frequency of woody or non-woody plants were summed to obtain the important value index (IVI) of each successional stage. There were 107 plant species consisting of 32, 43, 27, and 5 species of saplings, seedlings/herbs/shrubs, grasses, and ferns respectively. From those species, 16 species of woody plants and 2 species of herbs were planted purposely,other species grew naturally and even some of them were dominants. Either the number of plants or the dominating plant is varied according to the sampling location and the growing stage.
Aim: The main aim of the study was to study the vegetation structure and species diversity of coal mine generated waste land, located in Raniganj coal field area, West Bengal. Methodology: The survey of vegetation was conducted at both study sites by using standard quadrat method. Study of different phytosociological attribute and species diversity analysis was done using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed to represent the importance of different phytosociological attributes. Result: Distribution pattern in both wasteland indicate contagious or clumped type. Butea monosperma and Streblus asper was the most dominant tree species in the two study area respectively whereas, Cynodon dactylon was the most dominant herb species in the study areas. The diversity of herbs was much higher than the others layer of vegetation in both waste lands. Concentration of dominance or Simpson Dominance Index also exhibits variation among the vegetation layers. The Jaccard's Index of similarity for tree, herb shrub and climber vegetation was 57.14%, 71.11%, 50% and 33.33% respectively between the two waste lands. Hierarchical cluster analysis highlights 13 and 7 primary cluster in the two study area respectively based on their phytosociological attributes. Principle component analysis reveals 97.57% and 92% variance for the first two principle components in the study areas respectively. Conclusion: The present investigation can be concluded that the data of vegetation analysis might be utilized as baseline information and tool to predict the best and effective reclamation procedure of these coal mined areas.
Impact of mining on vegetation cover: A case study of Prestea Huni-Valley municipality
Scientific African
Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes are the direct and indirect consequences of human actions to secure essential resources for a successful livelihood. Therefore, it has become essential to analyze such changes for effective management of natural resources and protection of our environment. Anthropogenic factors such as urbanization, mining, and population increase in the Prestea Huni-Valley municipality are causing rapid changes to the land cover. These factors among others are putting a lot of pressure on the vegetation and this has dire consequences on the availability and protection of the vegetative cover. Given this, the study focused on assessing the impact of mining on vegetation cover with a particular focus on Prestea Huni-Valley municipality. Multi-spectral satellite images of the study area from 1986 to 2016 were spatially analyzed to identify the LULC change patterns. Modeling and analysis of these images were performed using IDRISI and R software. Six land cover classes were identified including forest, open vegetation, cultivated areas, bare lands, built-up, and mine sites. The result showed that the forest, open vegetation, and bare areas decreased by 14.59 %, 3.86 %, and 8.36 % respectively whereas cultivated, built up and mines increased by 6.31 %, 3.14 %, and 7.36 % respectively.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 2021
The majority of coal mines are operated through an open-pit system which has a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, reclamation and revegetation activities are required to recover ecological sustainability. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, structure, and composition of vegetation resulting from the postmining revegetation process in a mining concession in Sumatra, Indonesia at various intervals of post-reclamation periods, namely 11 years, 10 years, 8 years, and 5 years. Data collection was conducted by sampling with a 2.5 percent intensity. The study discovered 23 species of naturally grow understory plants and 25 species of woody plants. The stand structure at the eleventh, tenth, and eighth years of revegetation resembled an inverted J curve. The Species Richness Index (R) was determined to be low, the Shannon diversity index (H') was is low to moderate, whereas the evenness index was moderate to high. We concluded that the structure of vegetation in the post-mining reclamation region resembled that of a natural forest ecosystem, yet the biodiversity indicators remain low and below those of natural forest. We expected the result of this study can enrich the limited knowledge of the ecology of post-mining reclamation in the tropics.
This paper focuses on the ecosystem based hotspot identification and the pattern of land use change in Forest-agricultural Ecosystem using the land use dynamic degree model. Geological Information on the agricultural ecosystem is obtained by the remote sensing images for the identification of land change. Ecosystem wherein both the agricultural and forest ecosystem coexist is known as forest-agricultural ecosystem. Area is based on the agricultural activities and the forest ecosystem. Hotspot is selected based on the intersection of anthropogenic activities like mining with the forest and agricultural ecosystem. With this hotspot identification it brings a clear picture of how to look into a new definition of hotspots, which identifies a region or specific area and how each area could be identified as a hotspot. Geographic Information System images were used to analyze the changes in land over specific time period.
Journal of scientific research
Exponential increase in the human population, economic upliftment and urbanization has prompted noticeable variations in land use and land cover (LULC) in tropical ecosystems. Such changes are negatively affecting the potential of these native ecological systems to provide economic and ecological services to the society, and thus needs policy formulation. This study aims to assess vegetation cover and vegetation types under different LULC in Barkachha, Mirzapur India for 10 years (from 2008 and 2018) using remote sensing and field study data. This investigation applied a supervised classification-maximum likelihood algorithm (ERDAS Imagine-14) to analyze LULC variations using multispectral satellite data of very fine resolution (1m) collected from the Google Earth image. In the present study, the LULC area was grouped into ten main classes. A remarkable shift in vegetation cover was noted through LULC use and overlap maps created in Arc GIS 10. In the last 1o years, there was shrank in natural vegetation by 11 % to 2.6%, whereas, the agricultural field increased by 5% to 6%. In 2008, an area under dense vegetation was 118.4 hectares (approx. 12% of total vegetation) whereas in 2018 it reduced to 29 hectares (about 3% of total vegetation). Dense vegetation cover has drastically decreased whereas thorny bushes and fallow land increased. Further, the new constructed area increased suddenly due to the construction of new structures in cultivated and natural lands for the development of the campus. Expansion of built area and concurrent enhancement in anthropogenic activities to develop the campus facilities linked to change in vegetation cover and vegetation types over ten years. The result of this study will help in-depth understanding of reasons for alteration and for formulating actual plans and strategies to reverse vegetation and land degradation in Barkachha, Mirzapur.
Landscape Fragmentation and Restoration Researches in India
For the sustainable development of Indian economy, large scale mining activities have been taking place in the tropical deciduous forests of eastern, central and southern India for last two decades. The afforestation and reforestation of mined out areas to enhance the secondary succession, leguminous and exotic species have been selected for the restoration without considering their in situ relative frequency, density, dominance and diversity indices. The major problem associated with leguminous plants is their occurrence (<14 %) in tropical deciduous forests with poor regeneration capacity. The mountain slopes are dominated by dicot plants with simple leaves (non-leguminous plants) while the dry flat surfaces on mountain/plateau (away from seasonal water channels) are dominated by dicot plants with compound leaves (leguminous/nonleguminous plants). These are seldom used for restoration of OB dumps. Not only this, even after accumulation of organic matter and increased essential nutrients in mine spoils by using leguminous trees, restoration activities further ignore plantation of dominant native plants as per their microclimate. In view of these, an Integrated Vegetation Cover Development Programme (IVCDP) is required to address the following bottlenecks in the sustainable mining practices: • Scientific investigation of dominance of dicot plants with simple leaves (non-leguminous) on the mountain slopes and dicot plants with compound leaves (leguminous and non-leguminous) on the dry flat surfaces of mountain/plateau/uplands (away from seasonal water channels) • Data generation on diversity loss due to mining industries • CO 2 sequestration by tropical deciduous forests • Socioeconomic viability of current management practices
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Mine Closure, 2019
As one of the most important mining commodities, coal has been massively exploited as a source of income for the national economy. In general, a coal mining company conducts mining operations in forest areas by employing an open pit mining method. The implementation of an open pit mining method can cause negative environmental impacts, i.e. changes to the forest landscape, reduction in soil quality, reduced biodiversity for both flora and fauna etc. To overcome and mitigate devastating environmental impacts resulting from mining operations in the forest area, land reclamation should be conducted on the ex-mine area. In Indonesia there is still little knowledge on vegetation development and the natural regeneration in mine reclamation areas. Therefore, it is important to understand the stand structure, floristic composition and whether or not the reclaimed mining area can create a good environment for natural regeneration and redevelop into a selfsustaining forest ecosystem. The research was carried out at six stand types, namely five differences age of reclamation areas and secondary natural forest for the comparison. A vegetation inventory was conducted at each stand type covering an area of ±1 ha (total ±6 ha) using a circular plot. Result shows that the stand structure (diameter at breast height, total height, density and basal area) between the reclamation areas were different. Moreover, the reclamation areas with an age greater than four years demonstrate higher mean values for different aspects of stand structure than the secondary natural forest. Conversely, in terms of floristic composition such as species and diversity index, secondary natural forest still had higher mean values than all ages reclamation areas. The older reclamation ages tend to have a higher number of species and diversity index than the younger ages. Natural regenerations were occurred from the first year of reclamation. In general, based on the regression analysis the number of naturally grown species in the seedling, sapling and tree stages tend to increase alongside the rise in reclamation age. These results conclude that the reclamation activities in ex-mine areas have succeeded to create favourable environmental conditions for natural regeneration.
2013
This paper presents results of the study on the dynamics in land use/land cover (LULC), resulting from mining related activities, in Singrauli district of Madhya Pradesh. The availability of large coal reserves and the construction of Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar reservoir in Rihand river have provided the necessary impetus to industrial development in the district. Mapping of LULC change is an important activity of land management and monitoring. The changes were mapped using remotely-sensed multi-date satellite in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Spatial and temporal changes in the land use/land cover were quantified using Landscape metrics. In addition, Markov transition matrix and change rate were also calculated for each of the LULC classes. The transitions from one class to the other were depicted with the help of change matrices. The analysis suggests that the vegetation cover is undergoing continuous negative change in terms of composition and extent. The rate of deforestation and forest fragmentation has also increased while built up and mining areas have registered a positive change.
International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work, 2022
Plants are critical to the survival of living populations and provide important sources of income for millions of people worldwide. Aside from providing a source of income for millions more, it is estimated that 410 million people rely heavily on forests for subsistence and employment, with 1.6 billion people relying on forests for a living (Munang, Thiaw, Thompson, Ganz, & Girvetz, 2011). However, deforestation and forest destruction (D&D) are wreaking havoc on the environment, resulting in a significant decrease in the provision of valuable ecosystem goods and services from forests. The assessment of vegetation cover is required in this context. As a result, Nagaon District is concerned about evaluating vegetation cover throughout the study period (1992-2022). Various Landsat images of three different years are collected from the US Geological Survey website. As a result, the Vegetation Map is created in ArcGIS using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDVI indices are used to assess the amount of vegetation in a given area. According to the study, the rate of decrease of dense vegetation has been identified during this period (1992-2022). Similarly, due to increased population pressure on land, the area under construction has gradually increased over the last 30 years 1992-2022). As a result, proper forest management and land utilization policies are required for the study area's long-term management.