Ruminant Feed Production and Nutritional Evaluation by Ensiling Rice Straw, Napier Leftover, and Rumen Content (original) (raw)
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The chemical composition of silage from Guinea grass, cassava peels, and brewery waste as affected by ensiling duration was assessed through determination of their proximate composition and fiber fractions. Results showed that the ensiling duration had significant (P<0.05) effect on the parameters determined with crude protein (CP) content ranging between 12.02 and 16.12% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was between 50.21 and 65.05%. The CP also varied significantly (P<0.05) among the forage-agro by product mixtures of the silage from 7.65 to 15.17% with CP content of 25%GG+75%BW silage being the highest. The forage-agro by product mixtures had varying (P<0.05) influence on the NDF ranging from 47.72% in 75%CAP + 25%BW to 63.85% in 25%GG + 50%CAP + 25%BW silage. The 25%GG + 75%BW silage could be concluded a better feed resource for ruminant animals for its high crude protein content and relatively lower neutral detergent fiber.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 2021
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of molasses, and bacterial inoculants on silage quality, fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents, and in vitro digestibility of different forage species grown at terrestrial climate of Central Anatolia without any artificial fertilizer usage and irrigation. Forage peas (Pisum arvense L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz), rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) harvested at the dough stage of triticale and conserved in 1.5 kg jars. Silages were treated with no additive (control silage), 5% molasses and 10 g/t bacterial inoculant. Sensory, pH, organic acid, chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility of all silages were determined Forage peas silage had the highest lactic and acetic acid concentrations among all silages. Addition of both molasses and inoculant did not affect the lactic acid (LA) contents of silages (p > 0.05), but both them increased acetic acid contents (p < 0.05). Ammonia-N concentrations were higher in forage peas silage compared with other silages (p < 0.05). The concentrations of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein (CP) were significantly different among silages (p < 0.05). The addition of molasses significantly reduced the silage OM, NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.05). In vitro OM digestibilities and energy values of silage were significantly different among silages made from different forages (p < 0.05), but not affected by silage additives. It can be concluded that high quality silage can be prepared from legume forages such as peas and vetch and small cereal grains such as rye and triticale grown without fertilizer usage and irrigation in central Anatolian arid conditions without any silage additive application, and but silage additive use may improve silage quality.
Preparation and Evaluation of Wastelage Using Wet Rice Straw and Cow Dung for Ruminant Feed
2021
Preparation of wastelage by ensiling wet rice straw treated with cow dung (CD) and molasses was performed to improve the nutritional value as a quality feed for ruminants. Three different treatments were used as T0 (10% cow dung and 85% wet rice straw), T1 (20% cow dung and 75% wet rice straw), T2 (30% cow dung and 65% wet rice straw), and T3 (40% cow dung and 55% wet rice straw) with 5% molasses based on DM in each treatment to explore physical quality, chemical composition, in-vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents at five different ensiling periods of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The use of cow dung and molasses in wet rice straw improved the physical quality, nutritive value, and preservation quality of wastelage. The highest DM, CF, and EE were observed as 41.83%, 18.51%, and 2.88% respectively in T0 and CP was highest as 10.55% in T3 followed by T1 and T2. After ensiling, DM, ash, CF and EE were declined in all of the treatments but the i...
Effect of Storage System and Dry Matter Content on the Composition of Alfalfa Silage
Journal of Dairy Science, 1997
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of dry matter (DM) content and three different storage systems on the quality of alfalfa ensiled on commercial farms. Alfalfa silage samples were collected from 21 bunker silos, 20 silos that limited oxygen infiltration, and 19 tower silos on 43 commercial dairy farms. Storage system and DM content were confounded because silages from bunker silos generally were wetter than silages from O 2-limiting and tower silos. There was no effect of storage system on crude protein content of the silages. However, silage from bunker silos had higher concentrations of nonprotein N, NH 3 N, and acid detergent insoluble N than did silages from the other two storage systems. The proportion of total N in neutral detergent insoluble N minus acid detergent insoluble N was greatest in silage from O 2-limiting silos. Fiber components were affected by storage system; silage from bunker silos had the greatest concentration of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber. Concentrations of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were higher in wetter silages from bunker silos, but DM content did not influence fiber content of silages from O 2-limiting and tower silos. Concentrations of total organic acids, acetic acid, and butyric acid were highest in silages from bunker silos. The general effects of DM on the quality of silages obtained from commercial dairy farms were similar to results obtained from laboratory-scale silos.
Effect of Complete Feed Silage Made from Agricultural Waste on Milk Yield and Quality of Dairy Cows
OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences
The problem facing dairy cow producers in tropical area is the low availability of proper nutrition, especially during the dry season. One solution to overcome this problem is to utilize technology of Complete Feed (CF) silage using ensiled several local abundant ingredients from agricultural wastes. This study aimed to find a formulation of CF silage from agricultural wastes as forage substitution for dairy cows to increase yield and quality of the milk. The study was conducted on dairy farms in Enrekang District, South Sulawesi of Indonesia. The formulations of CF silage used in the study were tested both in vitro and in vivo and compared with the farmer's practices that using elephant grass plus rice bran. A total of 20 Holstein Friesian dairy cows in 4-5 months lactation with a lactation period of 3rd-5th were used for in vivo study. The treatments were Elephant Grass + Rice Bran (EG-RB), Elephant Grass + Concentrate (EG-CON), Complete Feed Silage made from straws (CF-S) and complete feed silage made from straws and vegetable wastes (CF-VW). The results of this study showed that the dry matter intake and milk yield of dairy cow were higher in EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW compared to EG-RB and were not different among EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW. The crude protein, lactose, calcium and phosphorus of the milk were higher in the EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW than EG-RB and were not different among EG-CON, CF-S and CF-VW. Fat content, density and pH of the milk were not different among treatments. In conclusion, in order to maintain and to improve the yield and quality of milk in dairy cows, the agriculture wastes, such as straws and vegetable wastes can be used as the basal feed of dairy cows for fodder substitution in the form of CF silage.
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2019
A n adequate supply of roughage to ruminants is essential for optimum rumen function and which is important to the animals health and production. However, the availability of roughage for ruminant nutrition may vary from day to day in Indonesia mainly because farmers usually own only a limited amount of land to grow forages. The use of crop residues and agricultural wastes in animal feeding is a very common practice to ensure the feed supply for livestock production. The rice crop residue (RCR) is lower part of fresh rice crop after being harvested and left at rice field. These residues are abundantly available, and most of them are not be used as livestock feeds and is burned after dried thus causing air pollution. Santoso et al. (2011) revealed that RCR is potential to be preserved as silage and used as ruminant feeds. The oil palm frond (OPF), a byproduct of the oil palm tree, is widely available in Manokwari regency throughout the year. Thus, the use of OPF may provide a continuous research Article Abstract | The objective of the current study was to evaluate the nutritive value and fermentation quality of agricultural waste based-complete feed silage with different composition of oil palm frond and rice crop residue. Total of 4 treatments were (A) king grass 70% + cassava waste 12% + tofu waste 15% + lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 3%; (B) king grass 50% + rice crop residue 20% + cassava waste 12% + tofu waste 15% + LAB 3% (C) king grass 50% + oil palm frond 20% + cassava waste 12% + tofu waste 15% + LAB 3%; (D) king grass 50% + rice crop residue 10% + oil palm frond 10% + cassava waste 12% + tofu waste 15% + LAB 3%. The liquid of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria was sprayed on the top of silage material with a concentration of 4.0 × 10 6 cfu/g and then mixed by the hand. About 500 g of silage materials were packed into plastic silos and stored in the room temperature for 30 days. The results of this study showed that dry matter and organic matter contents of silage was affected (P<0.05) by different composition of oil palm frond and rice residue. Silage C had the highest dry matter and organic matter contents than other silage. There were no significant differences in crude protein and NDF contents among silage treatments with crude protein and NDF values varied from 14.5 to 15.0% and 57.1 to 58.9%, respectively. The silage A produces the highest (P<0.01) lactic acid followed by the lowest (P<0.01) pH value compared to other silage. Silages AandC had lower (P<0.01) N-NH 3 concentration compared to silages B and D. Silage C had the lowest total VFA concentration compared to other silages. Silage A had the highest Fleigh Point followed by silages C, D and B. It was concluded that replacement of 20% of grass with oil palm frond in silage C produces a quality silage fermentation similar to silage A as a control.
Use of maize silage in beef cattle feeding during the finishing period
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2010
The research investigated the use of maize silage (MS) in beef cattle diets during the finishing period by monitoring a sample of 406 commercial farms located in the Po Valley. Farms were selected in order to cover the most diverse rearing situations, in terms of farm size and cattle genotype, in which MS was fed to beef cattle during the finishing period. Each farm was visited to collect information about the feeding regimen and representative samples of total mixed ration (TMR) and MS were collected for chemical and physical analysis. Two specific classification factors of the farm population were created for statistical analysis of experimental data. The former considered the quantity of MS included in the TMR and the latter was based on the content of long particles of MS (>13 mm). Regardless of chop length, the quality of MS population was satisfactory both by a nutritional and a preservation standpoint, as indicated by the dry matter (DM) (350 ± 38 g/kg of fresh weight) and the high starch content (310 ± 28 g/kg DM) and lactic acid concentration (49 ± 12 g/kg DM). Physical analysis of MS samples showed a wide range of particle size, as result of the different chopping lengths during harvest. The average content of long particles retained by a 13-mm screen was 143 ± 73 g/kg of fresh weight. On average, MS accounted for 33.4% to the total dietary DM but a large standard deviation (11.4%) was observed across farms. The decision about the amount of MS to be included in the TMR has shown to be independent on both chemical composition and particle size of the roughage. In diets with a high quantity of MS the risk of occurrence of rumen acidosis due to the additional starch brought by this silage is balanced either by a significant reduction in the amount of other starch sources or by the higher NDF content and the coarser size of the dietary particles which should promote a prolonged rumination. The analysis of TMR particle size showed that in more than 30% of the farms MS was damaged during diet preparation with a loss of long particles. A logistic analysis demonstrated that the relative risk of MS damage was significantly increased either by a larger inclusion of the roughage in the TMR or by the use of silage with coarse particles.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2018
Silages produced with grass and legume mixtures may have positive associative effects on silage quality, and animal performance when ruminants are fed the silages. The objective of this study was to determine the preservation characteristics, in vitro rumen fermentation profile and microbial abundance of silages, produced with mixtures of sweet sorghum (SS) and alfalfa (AF) in different ratios: 100: 0 (Control), 75: 25 (SA25), 50: 50 (SA50), 25: 75 (SA75) and 0: 100 (SA100) on a fresh weight basis. As the proportion of AF increased in the silages, pH, acetic acid, ammonia nitrogen and crude protein (CP) concentrations, and aerobic stability increased (P < 0.05), while lactic acid and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations decreased (P < 0.05). Increasing the proportion of AF in the silages, increased (P < 0.05) the in vitro degradability of dry matter and CP as well as proportions of genus Prevotella, but decreased (P < 0.05) the in v...
Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009
This study was carried out to determine the effects of ensiling grass with different silages additives on dry matter (DM), nutrient content, pH and rumen degradability and the effects of grass silage on the digestibility and rumen parameters in the rams. Fifteen silages were ensiled as grass (with no additives), grass + 2.5% barley mixture, grass + 5% barley mixture, grass + 2.5% barley + 1% molasses + 0.5% salt mixture and grass + 5% barley + 2% molasses + 1% salt mixture with three replicates. Additionally grass with no additives was ensiled in the plastic barrels to determine the effects of this silage on the digestibility, rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids by using three rams. The highest crude protein (CP) contents were determined in the barley, molasses and salt mixture of grass silages (10.41, 10.86%) and the highest nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents were determined in the barley mixture grass silages (44.41, 47.17%). The pH value of silages was decreased according to the amount and type of silage additives. DM and nutrient degradabilities of grass silages with or without additives left rumen incubation at different hours were found statistically different with aspect to hours and types of silage. (P<0.05). CP and DM digestibilities of grass silage in the rams were determined as 64.49 and 53.21%. Total volatile fatty acids were determined as 69.73 mmol/L. Grass silage, mixtured with barley, molasses and salt were determined the best silage with respect to the nutrient content and pH.