Sector of Employment and Mortality: A Cohort Based on Different Administrative Archives (original) (raw)
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BMJ Open, 2020
ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities have a strong impact on population health all over the world. Occupational status is a powerful determinant of health in rich societies. We aimed at investigating the association between occupation and mortality in a large metropolitan study.DesignCohort study.SettingRome, capital of Italy.ParticipantsWe used the Rome Longitudinal Study, the administrative cohort of residents in Rome at the 2001 general census, followed until 2015. We selected residents aged 15–65 years at baseline. For each subject, we had information on sex, age and occupation (occupational status and type of job) according to the Italian General Census recognition.Main outcome measuresWe investigated all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular and accidental mortality, major causes of death in the working-age population. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between occupation and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women.ResultsWe selected...
Mortality among Italian male workers in the construction industry: a census-based cohort study
European journal of public health, 2019
Background: Advances in technologies, occupational hygiene and increased surveillance have reduced the excess mortality previously found in the construction industry. This study is aimed to evaluate cause-specific mortality in a recent cohort of construction workers. Methods: We carried out a record-linkage cohort study based on the 2011 Italian census and the mortality archives (2012-2015), including 1 068 653 construction workers. We estimated mortality rate ratios (MRR) using Poisson regression models including terms for age and geographic area. Results: Compared with non-manual workers, construction workers showed an excess mortality from all causes (MRR:
A cohort study to estimate occupational mortality risks in Navarra
The European Journal of Public Health, 2005
Background: Few studies on occupational mortality have been conducted in Spain. The objective of this work was to analyse inequalities on global mortality and on mortality due to specific causes according to occupation in a historical cohort of males from the province of Navarra, Spain. Methods: The base population for this historical cohort comprised all employed men over age 34 from Navarra in the 1986 population register. Age-standardised point estimates and confidence intervals for occupational-specific mortality risks were computed. Results: There exist differences in mortality risks with respect to the overall risk of Navarra in certain occupational activities for several major causes of mortality. Some of the results corroborate previous findings in other works, such as the significant high risk that presents in leather, clothing workers and shoemakers when analysing kidney, bladder and other urinary malignant tumours, while others present a certain degree of novelty. Conclusion: This work contributes to filling the gap in the lack of works on occupational mortality in Spain. It also complements the information that other monitoring systems may provide on occupational health.
A historical cohort mortality study among shipyard workers in Genoa, Italy
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2001
BackgroundA historical cohort mortality study was conducted among 3984 shipyard workers assigned to ship repair, refitting, and construction in the harbor of Genoa, Italy, between 1960 and 1981. These workers were exposed to asbestos fibers, welding fumes and gases, silica dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and solvents.MethodsWorkers were classified in 20 different job‐titles depending upon the type of activity. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed using male residents of the Province of Genoa as the referent population.Results and ConclusionsFor the whole cohort significantly increased SMRs were detected for all causes, all cancers, liver, larynx, lung, pleural and bladder cancers, respiratory tract diseases, and cirrhosis of the liver. The analysis by job‐title showed increased SMRs not only for pleural cancer, but also for lung, laryngeal cancers and respiratory tract diseases in occupations entailing heavy asbestos exposure. Bladder and liver cancers and live...
A Comparison of PMRs and SMRs as Estimators of Occupational Mortality
Epidemiology, 1991
Standardize d mo rtal ity ratios (S MRs) fo r occupational diseases are confounded br health dttferenc es between industrial and gene ral populations. In I 09 indus m al co ho rts largely free of work-related·mortality, these selectio n etfects were sizable for both malignant and no nmalignant outco mes. All -ca ncer SMRs were considerably less than 1.0 fo r many cohorts , and lung cance r was subject to almost as muc h selection-de rived co nfo unding as nonmalignant disease. Standardi:ed propo rt io nal mortal ity ratios (P\I!Rs) (approximated by relative SMRs (RSMRs)) were less confounded than SMRs in estimating occupatio nal risk. PM Rs appeared to o verestimate cancer mortality on ave rage by 6%, while SMRs underestimated by 13%. PMRs underestimated nonmalignant respiratory dise ase by 16 percent but SMRs underestimated by 39 percent. The sources of confo unding, in addition to selection on health scatus at hire , mos t likely incl ude social class. SMRs, in the absence of internal population comparisons , wo uld fail to detect bo th malignant and no nm:!lignanr work-relared rno rr:: !liry in rne.ny industrial co horts. (Epidemiology 199 1 ;2:49-59)
Selected occupational Risk Factors
Many of the 2.9 billion workers across the globe are exposed to hazardous risks at their workplaces. This chapter examines the disease and injury burden produced by selected occupational risk factors: occupational carcinogens, airborne particulates, noise, ergonomic stressors and risk factors for injuries. Owing primarily to lack of data in developing countries, we were unable to include important occupational risks for some cancers, reproductive disorders, dermatitis, infectious diseases, ischaemic heart disease, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper extremities, and other conditions such as workplace stress. Mesothelioma and asbestosis due to asbestos exposure, silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis are almost exclusively due to workplace exposure, but limitations in global data precluded a full analysis of these outcomes.
O3D.7 Constances: a population-based cohort for occupational epidemiology
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2019
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Global Estimates of Occupational Accidents and Fatal Work
2010
Recording occupational accidents and occupational diseases is one of the central demands for good occupational health and safety. Western industrial countries have already for a long time recorded their occupational accidents and occupational diseases, but the established practices of recording differ from country to country. In many developing countries the recording of occupational accidents and diseases has only recently been established or is still absent. Variation in recording due to, e.g. differences in definitions and branch of compensation system is challenging in terms of understanding recorded cases. In addition, work-related diseases are typically excluded from the recording system. Work-related diseases are diseases caused by work, at least partly, but not classified as occupational diseases. For example, musculoskeletal disorders, mental diseases and occupational cancers have received increasing interest. Occupational accidents and work-related diseases are a worldwide problem. They cause a lot of suffering and losses for the individual, organisation, community and society. Statistics of occupational accidents and work-related diseases are needed for prevention work at the enterprise and nation level. Statistics help to focus on specific areas and affect political decision-making. Especially increasing awareness in developing countries and directing limited resources to the right places is easier. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to develop models to estimate the global number of occupational accidents and fatal work-related diseases. The study was done in three parts: the initial study and two update studies. The first one was carried out in 2001-2002. It concentrated on creating a model to estimate the number of occupational accidents for the year 1998 and fatal work-related diseases for the year 2000. The second (2003-2004) and the third (2005-2006) studies were more like update studies. The methods used in these update studies were the same as in the first study to keep the estimated numbers comparable. The number of occupational accidents was calculated for the years 2001 and 2003 as well as the number of fatal work-related diseases for the year 2002. In the second update study fatal work-related diseases figures were given for the first time by country level. In the world approximately 2.3 million deaths occur every year because of occupational accidents and work-related diseases. It means that over 6,000 workers die every day because of their work. There were 330 million non-fatal accidents causing at least four days absence from work during one year. Deaths have remained quite the same during a five year PREFACE My doctoral thesis was like a triathlon which includes three parts done quite separately: three research projects done for the International Labour Organization (ILO), six scientific review articles and the summary of my thesis. The time I used to this academic triathlon was not the world record, partly because I used time also for interesting bypaths. These bypaths helped me better to understand the general view of the theme and to assess methods and results. I would like to thank Professor Kaija Leena Saarela for guiding and supporting me during this process. Especially I am grateful for Kaija Leena that she trusted me and gave me the most interesting research I have ever done and which I have not yet get tired. I am also grateful for Dr., Docent Jukka Takala who gave this project for our unit, who supervised and supported me during this long process. Dr., Docent Hannu Tarvainen and Dr. Tuula Räsänen I would like to thank for the time they used to examine this thesis and ensured that the demands of the doctoral thesis are fulfilled. I have had in luck to work on an environment, where I have met such nice people. I would like to thank my present and former colleagues. Especially discussions with Professor Jouni Kivistö-Rahnasto, Ms. Noora Nenonen M.Sc., Ms. Sanna Nenonen M.Sc. and Mr. Pertti Palukka M.Sc. have taken my work forward. What would I have done without Ms. Heli Kiviranta during these years; thank you for everything. I would like to acknowledge the ILO department of Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SAFEWORK), Academy of Finland and Tampere University of Technology for funding. I would also like to thank the Finnish Work Environment Fund for giving me a scholarship which gave me the possibility to work as a part time and wrote articles. Also financial support from Finnish Doctoral Program in Industrial Engineering and Management gave me possibility to write summary and finalise my thesis. I would like to thank my parents Maija and Jarke, my sister Outi and my brother Pete. They trusted me and brought me down to earth. They also taught me that I cannot always be right. My loving thanks for my husband Jari, who always knew that I got this thesis ready even it took time. My daughter Siiri and sons Eero and Aapo, now it is over.