Rapid Water Quality Assessment as a Quick Response of Oil Spill Incident in Coastal Area of Karawang, Indonesia (original) (raw)
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The coastal area is one of the areas that is quite vulnerable to the threat of pollution caused by human activities, including pollution caused by oil spills (hydrocarbons) in the sea. The incident can be caused by several factors including the explosion, leakage of petroleum pipelines on the seabed, leakage of tanks or petroleum tankers at sea and disposal of waste petroleum products into the environment. Oil spills continuously can cause environmental contamination and pollution both aquatic and terrestrial. If the petroleum hydrocarbons enter sea waters, some of them will be absorbed by aquatic organisms because the nature of the petroleum hydrocarbons is difficult to decompose in waters. The intentional and unintentional entry of hazardous and toxic substances into marine ecosystems such as petroleum hydrocarbons and chemical solvents resulting from industrial wastes has become a serious problem for human health and the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the...
This study discusses the determination of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the surface water and sediment of Ubeji River. This was done to assess the level of pollution of the river. In early October 2008, 50 surface water and sediment samples were collected randomly from the study area and likewise from the control site (Awba Dam in University of Ibadan). Gravimetric analysis was used to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), while heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The mean values obtained for surface water and sediment for the studied site are: Surface water: pH = 5.6 ± 0.2, oil and grease = 209.3 ± 15.4 mg/l, TPH = 73.5 ± 4.8 mg/l, cadmium (Cd) = 0.285 ± 0.001 mg/l, chromium (Cr) = 0.845 ± 0.009 mg/l, copper (Cu) = 0.572 ± 0.003 mg/l, lead (Pb) = 1.55 ± 0.01 mg/l, nickel (Ni) = 0.632 ± 0.042 mg/l, zinc (Zn) = 2.33 ± 0.02 mg/l. Sediment: Oil and grease = 3234.3 ± 205.2 mg/kg, TPH = 1602.4 ± 115.3 mg/kg, Cd = 0.050 ± 0.000 mg/kg, Cr = 50.6 ± 1.68 mg/kg, Cu = 45.2 ± 3.1 mg/kg, Pb = 49.5 ± 2.0 mg/kg, Ni = 42.6 ± 16.4 mg/kg and Zn = 185 ± 3 mg/kg. Unpaired t-test at 95% confidence limit showed a significant difference between the values obtained for the study area and the control site. The study location was found to have a higher concentration of oil and grease, TPH and heavy metals than the control site. The value obtained for the study location also exceeded the WHO (1991) water quality criteria for drinking, aquatic life support and recreation, while sediment values exceeded the interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQG) (CCME 1996). Hence, the results revealed that the Ubeji River is under pollution threat and underscore the need for early remediation if adverse health defects are to be prevented.
International Journal of Geosciences
The work of the paper focused on the post impact of oil spill contamination of groundwater in Bassambiri Nembe Bayelsa State. Groundwater samples were sampled from hand dug wells from eight stations including the control point for physico-chemical investigation using sterilized glass bottles. Sampling was carried out upstream and downstream on the Santa Barbara River across the stations and the results are as follows surface water pH ranged 6.90-7.50, electrical conductivity 19739.41 µS/cm-28920.64 µS/cm and Chloride 6019.63-9274.82 mg/l. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) varied from 10472.72 mg/l-16538.19 mg/l dissolved oxygen (DO) 6.21 mg/l-7.371 mg/l while the mean biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 0.09 ± 0.52 mg/l-2.4 ± 0.81 mg/l, temperature 28.04˚C-31.79˚C while total alkalinity is 43.95 mg/L-73.87 mg/L. Calcium ion ranged 375.68 mg/l-536.72 mg/l, Magnesium ion 88.35-243.24 mg/l and Potassium ion 41.27-121.17 mg/l. The results of the study showed that the pH, salinity, alkalinity, total suspended solids (TSS), Chlorides, Phosphates, and Nitrates are within permissible limits of the WHO, however the electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, DO, BOD, and hardness exceeded WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Heavy metals had low concentrations in the Santa Barbara River across the study area suggesting that surface water is not polluted. However, the surfactants used initially to contain the oil pollution were effective based on this research.