Article Open Access PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT LUBE OIL ADDITIVES (original) (raw)
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Study of Oxidative Stability of Lubricants Blended with p-Substituted Phenolic Antioxidants
Asian Journal of Chemistry , 2018
Hindered phenolic antioxidants with different substitutions at para positions are evaluated for their oxidation inhibition activity in mineral oil lubricants. Additives are blended in API Group-II base oil and subjected to bulk oil oxidation test under the conditions of the IP-48 test method. The unoxidized (fresh) and oxidized oils tested for presence and concentration of oxidation products by determining the change in acid value, increase in kinematic viscosity and concentration of oxidation products by FT-IR Spectroscopy in the oil to evaluate oxidation severity. Based on the results it seems that lighter para substituted additives are incapable of protecting the oxidation of oil in presence of oxygen and high temperature. It was observed that the inhibition activity of additives greatly increases due to the presence of para substituted electron donating groups. The electron donating groups coupled with thioether linkage further raises the inhibition activity which is probably because of peroxide decomposing activity along with radical trapping.
Molecular Design and Dynamic Simulations of Some Novel Antioxidant Lubricant Additives
Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering (JChPE), 2021
A quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) in-silico study was performed to develop a mathematical model that correlates 2D and 3D descriptors of 37 antioxidant lubricant additives (compounds) with their properties. A molecular dynamics simulation study was also carried out to access these additives' binding strength on diamond-like carbon (DLC) and steel crystal surfaces. Five novel antioxidant lubricant additives were designed from the information derived from the QSPR mathematical model's high coefficient molecular descriptors. All the novel lubricant additive's antioxidant properties were found to be better than our previous study, with the lubricant additive (Z)-3-(4-(5-amino-1-phenyl-1Hpyrazol-3-yl)-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-3,5dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one found to possessed excellent antioxidant properties of 0.850281 total acid values (T.A.V 0.1g/L) than its co-additives. Moreover, all the designed additives dynamically bind to steel crystal surfaces excellently from our dynamic simulation study than the DLC crystal surface. The molecular dynamics simulation results were found to be better than the one reported by our previous study. This investigation will help synthesize novel and excellent antioxidant lubricant additives that will hinder the base oil from undergoing a complete oxidation cycle and meet environmental requirements as these novel additives do not contain Zinc and Phosphorus, which often rendered exhaust pipes catalytic converter inactive, thereby increasing environmental pollution.
Acta Chimica Slovenica
The zinc dialkyl/aryl dithiophosphates (ZDDPs) are multifunctional lubricating oil additives. In this research, the analysis of ZDDPs additive in lubricating oils using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-Tof) has been developed. The complexes [Zn(DTP)(DMSO) 2 ] + from reaction between zinc dithiophosphate with dimethylsulfoxide were prepared. Analysis parameters for MALDI-Tof MS have been investigated; types of matrix and analyte: matrix ratio. The optimum condition of the analysis is dithranol as a matrix with tetrahydrofuran as solvent and the ratio of [Zn(DTP)(DMSO) 2 ] + to matrix is 1:75 by volume. And then, this developed method is applied for the analysis of ZDDPs additive in a commercial lubricating oil. Moreover, the results also suggested that additives in commercial lubrication oils can be separated to two groups; zinc dialkyldithiophosphates and zinc diaryldithiophosphates. Consequently, the pattern of ZDDPs can be used as a tool for producers of commercial lubricating oil products.
The needs of having a substitute for petroleum based lubricant are being studied by researchers since the last decades. Vegetable oil which is known to be biodegradable, renewable and have the similar properties of lubrication as petroleum based oil is seen to be a candidate for the substitution. However, the high content of unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils causes the oil to be less cooperative in stabilizing oxidation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effect of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) addition as antioxidation agent in commercialized corn oil process as a barrier to commercialized corn oil. The introduction of ZDDP into the corn oil could resolve the oxidation problem since ZDDP is an effective antioxidant. The capability of ZDDP exhibits both primary and secondary antioxidant is desirable in biolubricant oil in order to suppress the oxidation process.
2015
This work presents a study to the oxidation stability of local base stock, delivered from Co-operative Petroleum Company, in the presence of two prepared Rhodanine derivatives, namely 5-(4-hexyloxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine, (I) and 5-(4-octyloxybenzylidene)-2-thioxo-4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidine, (II). The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated using the traditional tools analyses including elemental analysis, I.R., 1H-NMR and electron ionization mass spectroscopy (EI-MS). The oxidation reaction was tested using the change in total acid number (TAN) and viscosity. The data showed that compound (II) is more efficient than compound (I). The quantum chemical parameters such as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, the energy gap (EHOMO-ELUMO) and the dipole moment were calculated. The quantum chemical calculations were on the same line with the experimental results.
A Review on Addition of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate in Vegetable Oil as Physical Properties Improver
Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
The need of searching for an alternative for lubricant oil has been studied by a number of researchers due to the awareness of environmental issues. However, with the limitations of low oxidation stability, many straight vegetable oil needs to be added with certain additive in order to improve the performance as lubricant oil. This paper reviews the addition of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) in straight vegetable oil namely canola oil, corn oil and karanja oil. The property improvement upon addition of ZDDP was also reported in this review paper. With the addition of ZDDP in straight vegetable oil is hoped to contribute to the development of a more stable bio-lubricant that could be used in lubricating machines.
Antiwear and antioxidant studies of cardanol phosphate ester additives
Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012
In the search for new applications and products derived from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL), we report herein the synthesis and characterization (GC/MS and 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR) of four phosphate esters derived from hydrogenated cardanol, including their applications as antiwear additives for diesel (S500) and as antioxidant additives for mineral oils, evaluated through the HFRR test and oxidative stability analyses, respectively. The results obtained showed very good to excellent performances promoted by the bioadditives evaluated, especially for the thiophosphorylated derivative, which notably reduced the sludge residue and the acidity index of the oxidized oil (0.52 mg NaOH/g sample) and also improved the diesel lubricity, reducing the wear of metal parts by more than 50% (330 μm).
Study the efficiency of some compounds as lubricating oil additives
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2013
In the present work, some Mannich bases have been prepared by using different polyethylenepolyamines. Phosphosulphurized Mannich bases have been also prepared by reaction of prepared Mannich bases with P 2 S 5. Structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and the molecular weights determination. The efficiency of the prepared additives as antioxidants and detergents/dispersants was investigated. It was found that the efficiency increases with increasing the NH groups in the amine used. The best prepared additive as antioxidant and detergent/dispersant was obtained by using triethylenetetramine.