Bile secretion in the fistulated pig : effect of the method used for bile reinfusion (original) (raw)
1983, Reproduction Nutrition Développement
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects on bile secretion of flow rate and site of reinfusion of the collected bile to the animal. Thirty-two pigs weighing 50 ± 3 kg at the beginning of the experiment were fitted with a reentrant fistula in the lower common bile duct and in the upper duodenum. Bile collected from the bile duct was reinfused in four different ways (four groups of 8 animals each) : into the duodenum or the lower common bile duct at a constant flow rate using a peristaltic pump, or into the duodenum or the lower common bile duct at a rate mimicking the flow rate of the secretion using an automatic apparatus. Reinfusing the bile into the lower common bile duct at a rate mimicking the secretion rate provided a daily bile acid production about 21 % higher than the level recorded with the other three methods. This was mainly due to a higher bile acid concentration since the bile flow was only slightly affected by the treatment. Introduction. Research on the physiology of bile secretion in relation to the diet ingested by the conscious pig eating normally requires the measurement of total amounts of bile and of its components ; it is necessary to continuously collect the bile over experimental periods of several days in order to study the variation of its total quantity and of its components with the diet. Moreover, to keep the enterohepatic circulation intact and not to modify bile secretion (Dowling et al., 1968 ; Juste and Corring, 1979), the bile has to be reinfused to the animals. Depending on the study, bile has been infused into the duodenum (Nahrwold and Gross
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Livestock Science, 2007
The diversion of pancreatic juice and bile stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion but the mechanism behind this process is still not clear. The present study investigates the influence of long lasting (10 h) bile diversion or pancreatic juice and bile diversion on the pancreatic secretion in conscious pigs. The experiments were performed on 4 weaned piglets, which had a catheter inserted to the accessory pancreatic duct and bile duct and two cannulas to the duodenum. The depletion of bile alone or both bile and pancreatic juice (PJ) resulted in an increased preprandial pancreatic juice outflow, as compared to controls. Bile diversion increased the pancreatic response to feeding. PJ volume, protein outflow, and trypsin activity values were significantly higher in bile diverted pigs than in control pigs during the prandial and postprandial periods. While in pancreatic juice and bile diverted piglets the PJ protein outflow and trypsin activity slightly increased in response to feeding, their values were lower than those of the control piglets. In conclusion, both pancreatic juice and bile present in the small intestine play an important role in the regulation of the pancreatic juice secretion.
A note on modifi cation of pancreatic juice and bile collection method in sheep
The aim of the study was to modify and evaluate the method of management of pancreatic juice and bile secretions in sheep in chronic experiment. Experiment was performed on 12 adult male Corriedale sheep of 54 ± 2.4 kg body weight, fi tted with two biomedical silicone catheters in the common bile duct according to the method described by Kato and Young (Kato et al., 1999) and our modifi cation duodenal cannula. Duodenal cannula was equipped with silicone valve in the basement part to prevent secretions backfl ow.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology, 1981
The role of enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in biliary secretion in conscious rabbits has been investigated before and after cholecystectomy. Bile flow was higher and bile salt concentration lower in cholecystectomized than in intact rabbits: this could have been caused by a negative feedback effect on bile salt synthesis as the circulating bile salt pool increased. The effects of cholecystectomy on flow and bile salt concentration balanced each other. Bile flow and bile salt concentration declined after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation in both cholecystectomized and intact rabbits. Furthermore, the percentage of the flow of bile independent of bile salt secretion increased, while that independent of total analysed solutes decreased after the enterohepatic circulation was broken. These results confirm that the decrease in bile flow after interruption of the enterohepatic circulation is due to loss of bile salts and not of electrolytes. * See Methods.
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Annals of Surgery, 1968
TME FIRST MAN to propose recirculation of bile salts, or an enterohepatic bile salt cycle, probably was Hoppe-Seyler 13 in 1863. He postulated that bile salts were reabsorbed by the intestinal tract, since only small amounts of bile salts were found in the feces in contrast to the quantity found in the small intestine. Seven years later, Schiff22 explained the choleretic effect of bile as being due to the absorption and recirculation of the bile. Tschernoff 27 in 1884 and Stadelman 24 in 1896 gave evidence for the absorption of bile salts from the intestinal tract and their excretion through the liver. In this century, Whipple and Smith 30' 31 confirmed the existence of an enterohepatic bile salt cycle by the following experiment: dogs with total biliary fistulas were able to produce from their fistulas an average of 100 mg. of bile salts/ Kg./day; this amount was assumed to be equal to maximum endogenous bile salt synthesis. When the bile was collected and fed back to the dogs, the daily average output of bile salts rose to 800 mg./Kg./day. From these data, Whipple and Smith concluded that 700 mg./Kg./day of the bile salts collected from the fistulas must have come from the enterohepatic reabsorption of bile salts.
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2008
The formation of bile depends on the structural and functional integrity of the bile-secretory apparatus and its impairment, in different situations, results in the syndrome of cholestasis. The structural bases that permit bile secretion as well as various aspects related with its composition and flow rate in physiological conditions will first be reviewed. Canalicular bile is produced by polarized hepatocytes that hold transporters in their basolateral (sinusoidal) and apical (canalicular) plasma membrane. This review summarizes recent data on the molecular determinants of this primary bile formation. The major function of the biliary tree is modification of canalicular bile by secretory and reabsorptive processes in bileduct epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) as bile passes through bile ducts. The mechanisms of fluid and solute transport in cholangiocytes will also be discussed. In contrast to hepatocytes where secretion is constant and poorly controlled, cholangiocyte secretion is regulated by hormones and nerves. A short section dedicated to these regulatory mechanisms of bile secretion has been included. The aim of this revision was to set the bases for other reviews in this series that will be devoted to specific issues related with biliary physiology and pathology.
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