Community-Based Tourism in a Caiçara Community in Ilhabela Island, Brazil (original) (raw)
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Anthropos
CBT (Community-Based Tourism) is a very unspecific label behind which lies, in fact, a varied array of models and practices. The main reason of this empirical variability lies in the fact that CBT depends on the also multivocal and highly ideologically aild politically biased concept of community. This article develops a new theoretical framework for CBT whereby the empirical diversity of the conceptual pair Community-CBT is spread along a continuum spanning from very "open" to very "closed" models. Being the different models of community nothing but societal ideologies, this continuum has also an inescapable political dimension, which cannot be separated from the CBT models themselves. The open-to-close continuum is, at the same time, a right to left one, to use the classical political terminology. After having introduced the theoretical framework, the article focuses on analyzing the far left pole of the continuum, showing how communitarian movements are currently using CBT projects as a political tool, and how this phenomenon is particularly strong in Latin America. As an illustration of how this is taking place, the article will present the study case of Prainha do Canto Verde, Brazil, which is widely known throughout Latin America, and where the authors have done extensive fieldwork research. [Brazil, social theory, community-based tourism theory, communitarian social movements, ethnogenesis processes]
The Latin American Studies Book Series, 2020
This chapter is concerned with the contributions of the ethno-tourism practices to the recognition of the culture Baré through resignification of handicrafts or rural practices, while having the visitors inserted in their realities and contexts. The discussion is on the emancipatory aspects of Community-Based Tourism as it allows economic and social development. Ethno-development conceptually permeates and grounded the discussion. Tourism is understood as a phenomenon that enables mutual experiences both hosts and guests, and it can be developed in different environments whether in urban or rural area. In Amazonas, specifically, in the rural area of Manaus, traditional and indigenous communities started to draw up strategies to develop local tourism by the principles of Community-Based Tourism from 2011 for two issues: the first to organize and coordinate tourism that occurred in predatory manner; the second by permissive issues, as the communities that develop tourism, are in their majority, in conservation units. The Indigenous Community Nova Esperança, located on Puranga Conquista Sustainable Development Reserve in the downstream of Rio Negro Manaus (AM), is formed by the Indigenous ethnicity Baré, formed by 30 families. The research aimed to reveal the key aspects of an Indigenous community tourism development in the area of the lower Rio Negro. The methodology was predominantly qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive, based on the recollection of data through literature review as well as a field research. The interaction between community and visitors expanded when they include the tourist in their daily routines and general community activities, such as handcraft production, manioc flour toasting, fishing, staying in home with a communitarian. Homestay was also of great value for the interaction between the Indigenous families and visitors.
SHARED TOURISM TERRITORY, COASTAL REGION OF SERGIPE, BRAZIL (Atena Editora)
SHARED TOURISM TERRITORY, COASTAL REGION OF SERGIPE, BRAZIL (Atena Editora), 2021
This study presents the main results of a doctoral dissertation in Geography—Sergipe, 2005-2009, in partnership with the Curso de Maestría Desarrollo Económico en América Latina Graduation Program in Economic Development in Latin America, International University of Andalucía (UNIA), Huelva, Spain (2006-2011)—and of research conducted since then. This analysis highlights the territorial tourism policy and the role of the state in the investments in the public space of Polo Costa dos Coqueirais region and the expectations of a shared territory in overcoming poverty. A phenomenological-hermeneutic method was used in a participatory research process. This decision allowed the development of workshops and notebooks strategies to gather document and field data. The following results stand out: the approaches of international agencies, especially that of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), have not contributed to projects that improved the indicators of income of the affected population; the negotiation and support bases of those who represent the Polo’s civil society are contradictory because they influence the effectiveness of public tourism policies but do not perform governance functions; investments in tourism have impacted differently on these communities, and partially fulfill what was established in the investment program of the multilateral agencies, especially the IDB. Therefore, the present study puts forward a proposal of a territorial matrix of community-based tourism, which embodies effective citizenship, to develop at local level a new model of tourism development that contributes to reduce poverty.
Community-based tourism and local culture: the case of the amaMpondo
Tourism, managed constructively, can play a role in poverty alleviation and community development. This paper suggests ways in which Community-based tourism (CBT) can be used as a strategy to develop poor communities. Looking at the specific social context of contemporary rural Mpondoland, which is characterised by high degrees of poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition and unem-ployment, the paper considers ways in which local culture itself can contribute towards positive CBT outcomes. Local culture is not only seen as a tourism attraction, but also a resource upon which CBT development can be built. This paper considers various ways in which the local cultural context can be linked to CBT development, thereby enhancing the CBT development process. Resumen: El turismo llevado a cabo de una forma constructiva puede jugar un importante papel en el desarrollo de las comunidades y en el alivio de la pobreza. Este artículo presenta distintas formas en las que el turismo basado en las comunid...
ITINERARIES BEYOND TOURISM: experiences with a local community in Petrolândia-PE
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The involvement of the local community is one of the main bases of support for the tourist development of localities, especially for small municipalities, where the lack of engagement of the population may be more keenly felt. One such case is Petrolândia, a small municipality in the sertão (semi-arid mountain range) of Pernambuco, where tourism is on the increase, but where attempts to raise awareness of tourism among the local community have been ineffective. In an action carried out with the municipal government, this work describes the experience of a pilot project applied in the community to promote the appreciation of the local culture and generate knowledge through tourism. The methodologies adopted by the pilot project involved tourist trips to local attractions and the application of questionnaires to the participants. The results, based on a qualitative approach, show that the action contributed to tourist awareness and helped strengthen relations between the local community and tourism. The action can also be an alternative for the municipal public planning of tourism and a tool for heritage education and tourist awareness.
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There has been a growing interest among academics and practitioners regarding community-based tourism (CBT) since it emerged as an alternative to conventional tourism. This interest has been particularly significant in developing countries where natural and cultural resources for CBT abound. Community-based tourism has been presented as a form of tourism where the local community has substantial control over, and involvement in its development and management, and a major proportion of the benefits remain within the community' (WWF, 2001). However, for local communities to derive the desired outcomes from tourism development, their participation in tourism development is imperative (Blackstock, 2005). CBT involves a bottom-up participatory approach to tourism development. It is a form of tourism where decision-making and control of the pace of tourism development are vested in local communities. CBT also serves as a tool for the conservation of the environment, as the revenue derived from tourism provides an incentive for the conservation of natural and cultural resources by local communities. Thus, there is the recognition that CBT can create better linkages between conservation, economic development and sustainable development (Stronza & Godillo, 2008; West, 2006). In order to use tourism to stimulate growth, communities should ensure that it supports local economic development, promotes equitable participation by community members, is ecologically sustainable, reduces negative environmental impacts, conserves the culture of the community and educates visitors about culture and nature (Asker et al, 2010). However, the benefits of CBT do not only accrue to the local community, but also tourists who seek individualistic, participatory, sustainable, and distinctive spiritual and cultural features of the community (López-Guzmán, Borges, & Castillo-Canalejo, 2011). Despite the importance of CBT for community development, it has been observed that policies and practices adopted by governments have concentrated power and resource control in the state. This erodes traditional tenure and resource management
Contribution of community tourism in the neighborhood of Esteu in the Ilha de Moçambique
One of the challenges that the Provincial Government of Culture and Tourism is currently facing is on how to encourage the practice of community tourism (CT), which is historical and cultural heritage assetinstead of only the practice of the beach tourism that is the most common. Thus, the Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism, sees community-based tourism as a premise to boost tourism in the Esteu community in the Ilha de Moçambique. Tourism is seen as a true vector for galvanizing the local economy, respecting the conservation of cultural heritage and historical values. As the analysis focused on which contributions CT has made to the local community, qualitative method has been used as it allows knowing the group from their perceptions and understanding how they conceive and practicetheir life experiences and the meanings of human actions and social life through the interpretation of the reality. Semi-structured interview techniques have been also used as these techniques favor interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee through a script of questions. The observation technique, being a social investigation has been applied because it allows the researcher to have a direct contact in the observation of the behavior and attitude of the residents involved in the CT activity. In addition, documentation analysis has been also carried out on various strategic plans for the development of tourism, as they can bring to the surface what the participants cannot say. To support the study, eleven (11) participants were selected; the choice was based on the intention and coexistence and they were considered the fundamental informants of the study. It is noticed that there is a huge satisfaction of Esteu community residents. Their involvement in community tourism has improved the life quality of their community and the way of living in the society, in an organized way through economic and social benefits such as employment generation and the strengthening of cultural identity.
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This paper aims to examine community based tourism in Yunguilla community. The study evaluates the waysin which community members are involved in community based tourism in Yunguilla, both at the individual and the community level. Community based tourism (CBT) is a process in which tourism is used as a tool for community development and the participation of the local people is necessary to prepare and build the capacity of the host community to manage tourism. This process occurs through increased importance of natural resources conservation and of protecting the environment associated to community based tourism into the concept of responsible tourism. Recent work in the field of community based tourism has shown that conservation and protected areas are key elements to develop community based tourism, closely linked to sustainable tourism development through community participant in decision-making process (Vikneswaran & Amran, 2015). A critical factor for success in community bas...
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The aim of this work is to identify community the initiatives anchored to community-based tourism (CBT) in Ecuador with the aim of providing an overview of the current reality of community tourism in the country, in addition to publicizing the product lines under development within community initiatives. The methodology used is a descriptive analysis based on the review of secondary sources, which reflect the reality of the different tourism initiatives related to the Plurinational Federation of Community Tourism of Ecuador (FEPTCE) at the level of continental Ecuador. FEPTCE groups indigenous, Afro–Ecuadorian, Montubian and mestizo communities, who depend on their territory and have identified tourism as a mechanism to continue living with dignity within these territories, due to the option of economic diversification that is generated. Within the communities that belong to the FEPTCE, living with dignity implies achieving a good quality of life, which is not based on satisfying a ...