Neolithic or Eneolithic? Contradictions between calendar and cultural sequences in Slovenia and Croatia and the importance of stratified settlements (original) (raw)

Abstract

Comparison between the long-standing relative chronological schemes or cultural sequences on the one and the increasingly precise calendar chronologies derived from C14 dates on the other hand shows obvious contradictions in the 2nd half of the 5th millennium calBC when the transition between the Neolithic (Lengyel and Sopot cultures) and the Eneolithic (Lasinja culture) occurred in Slovenia and Croatia. C14 dated sites that are attributed to sequential and temporally exclusive periods and/or cultures exhibit a considerable temporal overlap or even suggest an inversion of the expected sequence. Contradiction can be explained by the inconsistency of the typological classification, which abstracts the changes in material culture within arbitrary cultural sequences, but could also be related to statistical scatter of probability inherent in C14 chronologies and consequently aggregation of temporally distinct events that produces overlaps. With case studies from Slovenia (Moverna vas) and Croatia (Sopot-Vinkovci tell settlement) I will stress the importance of vertically stratified sites that allow us, by means of Bayesian modeling, to constrain and precisely date pottery assemblages as well as to suggest the timing of major changes in the production of pottery. The potential sources of the contradictions between calendar and cultural sequences can thus be more thoroughly explored.

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