Leptin is present in human cord blood (original) (raw)
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Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood Correlates with Intrauterine Growth 1
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 1997
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived peptide hormone regulating energy balance in experimental animals. Although the physiological function of leptin in humans is still unclear, its secretion is closely related to fat mass in adult humans. To examine how fetal growth correlates with leptin levels at birth, an umbilical cord venous blood sample was obtained at the delivery from 50 term newborn infants. Twenty-eight of the newborn infants had birth weights appropriate for gestational age (AGA; mean Ϯ SEM, 3362 Ϯ 90 g; relative birth weight, Ϫ0.08 Ϯ 0.2 SD), 9 were large for gestational age (birth weight, 4655 Ϯ 165 g; relative birth weight, 3.2 Ϯ 0.3 SD; P Ͻ 0.001 vs. AGA newborn infants), and 13 were small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight, 2385 Ϯ 69 g; relative birth weight, Ϫ2.2 Ϯ 0.08 SD; P Ͻ 0.001 vs. AGA newborn infants). Leptin concentrations were higher in large for gestational age (35.7 Ϯ 8.0 g/L; P Ͻ 0.005), but lower in SGA (3.3 Ϯ 0.5 g/L; P Ͻ 0.001) than in AGA infants (14.5 Ϯ 2.8 g/L). When adjusted for differences in body weight, mean leptin levels were similar in the three newborn groups. Leptin concentration correlated closely with both absolute and relative birth weights (r ϭ 0.71; P Ͻ 0.001 in both), with cord blood insulin concentration (r ϭ 0.67; P Ͻ 0.001), and with placental weight (r ϭ 0.60; P Ͻ 0.001). These data suggest that leptin is synthesized in utero, and that the circulating leptin concentration relates to the intrauterine growth pattern.
Relationships Between Levels of Leptin and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Term Infants
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2001
In order to evaluate the role of leptin in neonatal hematological parameters, we studied the serum concentrations of leptin in relation to blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values in 30 healthy term infants. We also studied the serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in relation to leptin concentrations. The mean concentrations of leptin, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were 1.63 ± 1.09, 24.65 ± 10.04 and 976.05 ± 214.50, respectively, at birth. A positive correlation was observed between leptin concentrations and birth weights of the infants. As no relationship could be found between concentrations of leptin and blood hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet values, we could not determine any involvement of leptin in the regulation of physiologial hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet concentrations at birth.
Cord blood leptin concentrations in relation to intrauterine growth
Clinical Endocrinology, 1999
OBJECTIVE Leptin, a hormone that signals the amount of energy stores to the brain, has recently been shown to play a role in the regulation of several hypothalamic pituitary axes, including the growth hormone axis. To investigate a potential association between cord blood leptin concentrations and intrauterine growth we measured leptin concentrations in the cord blood of small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) healthy newborns. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Cord blood leptin concentrations were evaluated in 25 SGA,100 AGA, and 45 LGA, neonates. RESULTS Leptin was detectable in all newborns in concentrations comparable with those found in adults. Moreover, SGA newborns had lower leptin concentrations (3.70 Ϯ 1.81 mg/l) than AGA (5.65 Ϯ 4.98 mg/l) and LGA newborns (11.99 Ϯ 7.06 mg/ l)(P < 0.01). Cord blood leptin concentrations were significantly associated with ponderal index, cord blood insulin concentrations, placental weight and maternal serum leptin concentrations. Importantly, the association between cord blood leptin concentrations and intrauterine growth status persisted after adjusting for adiposity, placental weight, maternal serum leptin concentrations and cord blood insulin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood leptin concentrations are
2012
Leptin is a hormone synthesized by adipocytes and other tissues, including the placenta, and it regulates food intake and energy expenditure, reproductive and immune functions. To investigate the role of leptin in neonatal immunity, we measured serum leptin and cytokine (IFN-c, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12) levels in the cord blood (cb) of 510 healthy neonates, 14 small for gestational age (SGA), 312 appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) and 184 large for gestational age (LGA). Median serum leptin concentration in the whole sample was 11 ng/ml. In 11.2% neonates (1 SGA, 32 AGA, 24 LGA), leptin levels were .90th percentile (median 39 ng/ml). In 33.3% of those (3.72% of total sample) with the highest leptin levels (median 46 ng/ml), significantly elevated levels of serum IFN-c were also found (mean 27.11 pg/ml, range 17.5-38.5 pg/ml). In neonates with leptin levels ,50th percentile (median 12 ng/ml) or ,10th percentile (median 1 ng/ml), serum IFN-c levels were negligible. All other cytokines measured, were , the assays' detection limits. To investigate whether leptin can independently influence cytokine gene expression by cb T-cells and monocytes (Mc), we cultured cb T-cells or Mc, isolated from randomly selected AGA neonates or adult peripheral blood, with leptin. This resulted in upregulation of IL-2, IFN-c and IL-4 gene expression in cb and adult T-cells and IL-10 expression mainly in cb-Mc. Significantly higher expression of IFN-c occurred in female cb-T-cells cultured with leptin, compared with male cb-T-cells. In conclusion, the concurrent presence of high concentrations in both leptin and IFN-c in cb of healthy infants, and leptin's ability to directly upregulate cytokine gene expression in cb T and Mc cells, indicate that abnormally high leptin levels can independently influence the immune system of healthy newborns, and may mediate gender differences in the development of a Th1 polarized immune response.
Maternal serum and umbilical cord blood leptin concentrations with fetal growth restriction
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2003
Background: Gestational weight gain is an impressive factor in the fetal outcome. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the most important problems during fetal period that may lead to many perinatal and long-term complications and growing neonatal morbidities and mortalities. The aim of the study was to ascertain the relationship between umbilical cord blood leptin concentration and fetal growth in neonates born with intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: Maternal serum and umbilical cord blood leptin concentration were measured by immune radiometric assay at term gestation. The study was conducted on 22 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies as control group (group A) and 22 women with fetal growth restriction in singleton pregnancies as case group (group B). All subjects had normal pregravid body mass index (BMI). Results: The results of the study showed that maternal serum leptin concentrations were significantly higher in group B comparing to group A (44ng/ml [28.9-58.2] vs. 24.6ng/ml [18.8-33.3]; P<0.001). However, umbilical cord blood leptin levels were significantly lower in group B comparing to group A (8.6 ng/ml [range 4.5-12.7] vs. 14.6 ng/ml [11.7-16.7]; P<0.001). Moreover, umbilical cord blood leptin levels were directly correlated with maternal BMI and neonatal birth weight in both groups. Conclusion: In growth-restricted fetuses at term, umbilical cord blood leptin concentrations were significantly lower than normal fetuses, suggesting that fetal adipose tissue is a major source for leptin production. Maternal serum leptin concentrations were higher in the presence of a growth restricted fetuses. This increas may be due to early hypoxia or an intrinsic placental mechanism, by which small placenta produces more leptin as a compensatory mechanism. Human recombinant leptin may have some roles in the treatment of IUGR fetuses in future.
Placental Leptin: An Important New Growth Factor in Intrauterine and Neonatal Development? † 1379
Pediatric Research, 1997
Background. Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, is produced by the adipocyte and seems to function as a link between adiposity, satiety, and activity. Leptin has also been found to be necessary for pubertal development, conception, and pregnancy in mice, and is increased in prepubertal children, independent of adiposity, suggesting a role in childhood growth and development. This study investigated 100 mother/newborn pairs to determine the role of leptin in neonatal development. Placental tissue was assayed for leptin mRNA to evaluate it as a source of leptin production in utero. Methods. One hundred mother/newborn pairs were enrolled in this study. Radioimmunoassay was performed for leptin on maternal venous and newborn cord blood. Leptin concentrations were measured in 43 children in Tanner stages 1 and 2 as a control group. Placental tissue was obtained from five mothers and assayed for leptin mRNA by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Human placental cell lines JAR and JEG-3 were also assayed for leptin mRNA expression.
Placental Leptin: An Important New Growth Factor in Intrauterine and Neonatal Development
Pediatrics, 1997
Background. Leptin, the protein product of the ob gene, is produced by the adipocyte and seems to function as a link between adiposity, satiety, and activity. Leptin has also been found to be necessary for pubertal development, conception, and pregnancy in mice, and is increased in prepubertal children, independent of adiposity, suggesting a role in childhood growth and development. This study investigated 100 mother/newborn pairs to determine the role of leptin in neonatal development. Placental tissue was assayed for leptin mRNA to evaluate it as a source of leptin production in utero. Methods. One hundred mother/newborn pairs were enrolled in this study. Radioimmunoassay was performed for leptin on maternal venous and newborn cord blood. Leptin concentrations were measured in 43 children in Tanner stages 1 and 2 as a control group. Placental tissue was obtained from five mothers and assayed for leptin mRNA by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). Human placental cell lines JAR and JEG-3 were also assayed for leptin mRNA expression.
Multiple Correlations Between Cord Blood Leptin Concentration and Indices of Neonatal Growth
Archives of Medical Research, 2010
Background and Aims. The discovery of a role for leptin in controlling fetal and neonatal growth suggests a fetal origin of some adult chronic diseases and has stimulated research into the mechanisms of action of leptin early in life. The aim of this study was to determine umbilical cord blood leptin levels and to evaluate their association with newborn growth indices. Methods. Two hundred healthy newborns (89 males, 110 females, and one of undetermined gender; gestational ages ranging from 34e43 weeks) and their healthy mothers were enrolled in this study conducted at Moovsavi Hospital in Zanjan, Iran. The body size index of each newborn was determined in terms of birth weight, birth length, head circumference, body mass index (BMI) and ponderal index. Umbilical cord blood leptin levels were measured by ELISA. Results. Umbilical cord leptin concentration was found to positively correlate with birth weight (r 5 0.322; p !0.0001), neonatal BMI (r 5 0.247; p !0.0001), ponderal index (r 5 0.206; p 5 0.04), and gestational age (r 5 0.221; p 5 0.002). There was no significant correlation between cord leptin and birth length or umbilical glucose concentration. Umbilical cord leptin concentrations (15.20 AE 12.3 vs. 12.08 AE 11.7; p 5 0.01) were significantly greater in female as compared to male newborns, respectively. Linear regression analysis indicated that umbilical cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight, umbilical triglyceride concentration, neonatal gender, and method of delivery. Conclusions. Our findings confirm the association of leptin concentrations with weight gain in fetal and newborn infants. Ó