Production and marketing of Camel Milk in Eastern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Assessment of Camel Milk Marketing Chain and Its Practices in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia
The study was conducted with aim of assessing milk marketing chain and its practice in Somali regional state of two selected zones. The research was applied both quantitative and qualitative methods to clarify concepts, characteristics, descriptions, counts. Data presented in the study are obtained from primary and secondary sources. Sample was taken from 10 purposely selected Kebeles (from two Woredas). Data was collected from 200 eligible households, 100 households from each Woredas, using questionnaires. Two (2) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) [one from each woreda] and two (2) Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) from each woreda were conducted. The quantitative data from the household (HH) survey were analysed using simple descriptive analysis (statistics) like, frequency, percentages, mean value and standard division by using SPSS 23.0 and Microsoft Excel. The survey result revealed that the most of the respondents were Semi pastoralist that accounts 155(77.5%), while pure pastoralist were 45(22.5%). number of small ruminants along with camel; i.e., head per household were higher than other large ruminants with mean of 10.69±8.147 camel and 19.51±21.39 of Goat, 5.47±9.803 sheep, 4.97±6.641 cattle, 0.2±0.283 poultry and 1.33±1.488 donkey respectively possessed. Majority 189(94.5%) of the respondents milk their camel two times (morning and evening), 3(1.5%) said milking three times (Morning, midday and evening) and 8(4.0%) said one time (morning) per day. As the survey result revealed, on the average each camel milked per day in wet season (4.58 ± 3.889) liters and on the dry season (2.45±1.955) liters. The main constraints in camel production in the area are; shortage of forage and water scarcity, disease and parasites, high medicament cost, low productivity of grazing land, inadequate access to extension services and services, and unavailability of credit services. Interviewed respondents far away from nearest market about 1-5km, 30 (15.0%), 5-10km 55 (27.5%), 10-15km 76 (38.0%) and above 15km 39(19.5%) respectively. Camel milk is means of income especially for the pastoralist community. Therefore, it plays great economic contribution for pastoralist households. Based on the present finding shows camel milk is source of income and food. In the study areas the average camel milk production per day depends on the seasons and availability of feed and water. Government and other stallholder should play their role in solving the problems related to camel milk marketing and value chain.
Dek Hussein, 2022
The study was carried out in Ararso woreda, Jarar zone of Somali Regional State with the objectives of identifying the factors determining the volume of camel milk market supply, effect of marketing support or institutional factors on volume of supply in the camel milk market and assessing the constraints and opportunities in the camel milk marketing of pastoral households. Multiple stage sampling technique was applied to select the sample. In order to achieve these objectives, cross-sectional data on socioeconomic factors, market and institutional factors aspects were collected from 150 sample households heads drawn from four purposively selected kebeles through structured interview schedule and focus group discussion during October and November 2021. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the purpose of this study. The data were entered, manipulated, organized and analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Excel. Both descriptive and econometric statistics were used to identify and determine the household's camel milk market supply. According to the study findings some of the explanatory variables including Household Family size, Age of the household head, number of lactating camels owned by HH, Price of camel milk in wet season and Access to credit services are linearly associated with the volume of camel milk supply to market of pastoral households and statistically affect the household milk supply with a 0.05level of significance. Based on the present finding camel is source of income and food. In the study area camel milk marketing for pastoral households plays a great contribution to their life as food and income generating activity. The major constraints of camel milk marketing in the study area were: most pastoralist households travel long distance to sell their milk in the market, lack of transportation facility, shortage of milk packaging materials, lack of demand and lack of market or collection center. On the other hand, during the focus group discussion the participants stated that, there are other problems which were encountered during engaging in milk marketing like: lack of access to market, price fluctuation, and poor access of transportation, infrastructures, and milk handling materials and buyers related problem.
Factors affecting camel and cow milk marketed surplus: the case of eastern Ethiopia
Milk has a very wide importance both as a source of food and source of income in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas. On the contrary, the level of milk production is very low because of low production from endogenous milk cow and camel. Even at the present level of milk production, the product suffered lack of market and low price. Measures to solve the problem were limited partly for reasons of little research done and lack of attention given to the livestock subsector by policy makers. Hence, this study was initiated to partially fill this gap.
Asian Journal of Advances in Research, 2023
This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the milk market and the marketing chain in the Gursum district, Somali regional state. The research applied both quantitative and qualitative methods to clarify concepts, characteristics, descriptions, and counts. Data presented in the study are obtained from primary and secondary sources. The sample was taken from 3 purposely selected Kebeles. The participants in this study had a total sample size of 90 respondents, of which 45 were chosen from producers in rural areas and the other 45 from milk collecting centers. Using questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews from each kebele were conducted. The overall mean price of raw camel milk in one liter was (13.05±2) birr/liter in the wet season and (20.15±3.76) birr/liter in the dry season. According to the findings on milking transportation, 79 (87.75%) of the respondents transported plastic containers, 3 (3.3%) steel cans, 4 (4.4%) aluminum cans, and 4 (4.5%) traditional containers. About 48 (53.4%) of the milk processing equipment types used plastic containers, 35 (38.9%) used steel cans, and 7 (7.5%) used aluminum cans. The majority of respondents, or study participants, mentioned several milk Original Research Article
Socio-economic Characteristics of Camel Milk Consumers in Sudan
The Arab world possesses a varied and rich livestock wealth that qualify it to be in the forefront of the world in animal production. The estimated numbers offarm animals in 2010 is around 364.1 million head belonging to the following five animal species; sheep, goats, cows, camels, buffalo, in addition to the family Equidae, which account in nwnbers approximately to 46.9%, 27.8%, 17.8%, 4.2%, 1.2%, 2.2%, respectively. In addition to birds (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, and pigeons) and rabbits. This wealth contributes to about 20-30% of the value of the national agricultural economy in the Arab countries according to the axis of the economic and social life and sports in the pastoral, desert and semi-desert areas. These animal resources provide relative stability and employment opportunities for a significant proportion of the population. Although many diversified animal genetic and agricultural resources do exist in the Arab world, however, they are still insufficient, in productivity, to cover the needs of the local population in animal protein requirements for many reasons. Also the efforts of improvement-if any-were not effective in improving the productive and reproductive performance of these resources. In addition to that, some of those species, especially the distinctive, arrived to the point of extinction. On the basis of the tole of the Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands (ACSAD), as one of the organizations of joint Arab action in the field of agricultural development, both vegetation and animal, decided to implement a project aimed to assess and improve the camel milk production and marketing of in three Arab countries, namely Algeria, Morocco and Sudan. This project is funded by a small grant offered by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Therefore, I'm honored to present to you this booklet, which includes the scientific papers presented at the second coordination meeting of the Steering Committee for the project "assessment and improving camel milk production and marketing in some Arab countries" which was held in Rabat, Morocco during the period from April 29 th to May 3 rd , 2012.
Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, 2015
This study was conducted in Jigjiga District of Fafan zone with the objectives to assessed small holder Camel milk production performance. Four kebeles were selected randomly from total of 33 kebeles of the District. Sample households were selected purposively based on the presence of lactating camel in the household. Accordingly ten (10) household were selected from each kebele. Therefore the total sample size was 40 respondents. Out of this 80% and 20% were male and female, respectively. The data were collected from primary source by using semistructured questionnaires. The age of the respondents were 20-30 (55%), 10-20 (20%,) and 30-40 (25%). Majority (60%) of the respondents were illiterate, whereas only 40% of them were literate. Milking yield of the area was from 1-6 liter per animal per day. According to respondent's response, Majority (75%) of them produced 3 liters per each lactating camel produces, where 15% of them can produce equal or more than four (4) litres per day, where only 10% of them produced two liter per day. Almost all (90%) of the respondents camel produce high milk yield during the spring season, where (10%) of the them can bring with a good output of milk production during autumn season. majority (55%) of the respondents replied that camel's milk production can persist with a time of (24) hrs, where 30% of the respondents camel's milk can exist (36) hrs, Where only15% of the respondents camels' milk can exist (48) hrs. the main factors that affect camel milk were feed (45%), drought (20%), and disease (35%). The weaning age of camel in the study area ranges from 6-18 months, 18 months (70%) is the most common one. The milking frequencies were ranges from 2-3 times per day. Whereas, 3 times per day (80%) are common. Majority of the respondents utilize traditional milk handling equipment's (65%) Dhiil (hourglass) and (35%) Gaawe. In conclusion, Due to lack of better management, nutrition and health care camel milk production is low. Therefore, Successful mitigation measures for improved and sustained camel milk production requires contribution and clear roles of a number of stakeholders.
Determinants of Pastoralists Choice of Camel Production and Production Systems in Eastern Ethiopia
Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics
This study aspires to identify determinants of pastoralists' choice of camel production and production systems in Korahay zone of Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia. A cross sectional survey methods were applied to collect data from 158 sampled households in which 84 households were camel owners obtained through snowball sampling approach and remaining 74 households were non-camel owners obtained by using random sampling technique from three districts of Korahay zone in Somali regional state namely Kebridahar, Shelabo and Shekosh. The results of binary probit regression model revealed that socioeconomic determinants including total livestock unit, farm income, non-farm income; herd size and distance from the nearest market were found to positively influence the likelihood of owning camels. Where, other determinants like age of the household head, household size and education level, dependent ratio, and distance from extension service were found to negatively influence the likelihood of owning camels. The overall regression model used indicated significant at 1% significance level (p=0.0013) which imply that all the supposed determinants jointly influenced the decision of pastoralists choice of camel production. In the study areas, majority of camel producer (77.8%) rear camels for income generation, milking production, social and cultural functions. The three main production systems in the study areas were transhumant (71.5%), sedentary system (19.6%), and pastoral nomadic (8.9%), which seems nomadism disappearing in the study areas. Feed shortage (30.4%), drought and water shortage (41.8%), disease prevalence (18.3%), and market problems (9.5%) are the major constraints of camel production in the study area. Majority of pastoralists in Korahay zone of Somali region (77.2%) use extensive camel management system, and they cover long distance of around 12 to 18 km every day for grazing and browsing activities. In general, policy makers and government bodies should take in to consideration these variables determining the choice of camel production, and the current more pressing problems for pastoral communities such as drought and water shortage, lack of veterinary services, market problems, lack of enough capital for investment, and low access to credit services. It is strongly believed that consideration of these problems can enhance the life and livelihood of pastoral communities.
East African Journal of Sciences, 2017
Cattle and camel represent important cultural, social, nutritional as well as economic values to a substantial proportion of the livestock keeping communities dwelling in various agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. The country has a substantial potential for dairy development considering the large livestock populations found in the country with other productivity enhancing factors. However, despite large population, the productivity is by far low; that the country to be a net importer of dairy products with import values significantly exceeding export values. Among others; limited market outlets for milk and milk products, inefficient and untimely artificial insemination service delivery, lack of crossbreed heifers, shortage and increasing price of feeds especially agro-industrial by-products and poor linkages among key value-chain actors are the frequently cited factors deemed guilty. It is therefore, with this breathing situation that this review report made an effort to highlight the prevailing situation of the Ethiopian cattle and camel milk value chains as well as the missing link. Based on the current scenario, it also suggests appropriate improvement interventions to take and when taken right then producers in particular and the country at general could make use of optimum if not maximum benefits that can be tapped from the sector.