Biliary decompression reduces the susceptibility to ethanol-induced ulcer in jaundiced rats (original) (raw)
Related papers
Adverse effects of vagotomy on ethanol-induced gastric injury in the rat
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 1993
Truncal vagotomy is known to aggravate the damaging effects of alcohol-induced gastric injury and prevent the occurrence of adaptive cytoprotection against such injury by a mild irritant. This study was undertaken to determine whether aberrations in glutathione (GSH) metabolism were responsible for these vagotomy-induced effects, Fasted rats (6-8~group) were subjected to truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty or sham vagotomy and pyloroplasty. One week later they were given 2 ml of oral saline or the mild irritant, 25% ethanol (EtOH). Thirty minutes following such treatment, animals were either sacrificed or orally received 2 ml of 100% EtOH and then were sacrificed 5 min later. At sacrifice, in each experimental group, stomachs were removed and either evaluated macroseopicalty for the degree of injury involving the glandular gastric epithelium or samples of the mucosa were prepared for measurement of total GSH levels or GSH peroxidase (GPX) and GSH reductase (GRT) activity. In nonvagotomized animals, saline treatment prior to 100% EtOH exposure resulted in injury to the glandular epithelium involving approximately 18%. Treatment with 25% EtOH prior to 100% EtOH exposure virtually abolished this injury. In vagotomized animals, 100% EtOH elicited almost three times the amount of injury observed in the nonvagotomized state and the protective effect of 25% EtOH pretreatment was prevented. Effects of the various treatment modalities on GPX and GRT activity were not significantly different from control values. When mucosal GSH results were plotted against the presence or absence of gastric injury among the various groups studied, no significant correlation was apparent. Thus, aberrations in glutathione metabolism do not explain the absence of adaptive cytoprotection following vagotomY or the exacerbation of alcohoLinduced damage under conditions of vagal denervation.
Short-term effects of bile diversion on postgastrectomy gastric histology
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 1988
Twelve partially gastrectomized subjects who have consecutively undergone total biliary diversion for severe bilious vomiting were studied before and after operation in order to assess the effects of surgery on gastric histology and enterogastric reflux. Before and six months after operation, the following protocol was performed: (1) blood examinations including serum basal gastrin; (2) endoscopy with multiple gastric biopsies; and quantitation of bile acids in the gastric aspirate. Of the preoperative symptoms, bilious vomiting and heartburn completely disappeared postoperatively in all the subjects. Fasting bile reflux was significantly reduced (bile reflux was annulled in six and considerably lowered in the remaining six subjects), and erythema of the gastric mucosa completely disappeared in all the subjects after diversion. Among histological findings, while a significant regression of foveolar hyperplasia was found both in the perianastomotic area and in the body of gastric remnant, none of the other aspects identifiable in postgastrectomy gastric mucosa (chronic gastritis changes included) were affected by diversion. These results show that biliary diversion is effective in correcting reflux, bilious vomiting, erythema, and foveolar hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa and confirm the suggested relationship between bile reflux and gastric foveolar hyperplasia.
Journal of Physiology-Paris, 1993
The biochemical background of ethanol-(ETOH) induced gastric mucosal damage was studied in rats with intact vagus and after acute surgical vagotomy. Observations were carried out on Sprague-Dawley (CFY) strain rats of both sexes. Gastric mucosal lesions were produced by intragastric administration of I ml 96% ethanol. Bilateral truncal surgical vagotomy was carried out 30 min before ETOH administration. The number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions was noted 1 h after ETOH administration. Biochemical measurements (gastric mucosal level of ATP. ADP. AMP. cAMP and lactate) were carried out from the total homogenized gastric mucosa. The adenylate pool (ATP + ADP + AMP). energy charge ((ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP)) and ratio of ATP/ADP were calculated. It was found that: 1) ATP transformation into ADP increased, while ATP transformation in cAMP decreased in ethanol-treated animals with intact vagus nerve, while these transformations were quite the opposite in vagotomized animals: 2) no significant changes were found in the tissue level of lactate: and 3) the extent of biochemical changes was significantly less after surgical vagotomy. It is concluded that an intact vagus is basically necessary for the metabolic adaptation of gastric mucosa.
International Surgery Journal, 2019
Background: Liver functions tests suggest the underlying cause, estimate the severity, assess prognosis and monitor efficacy of therapy. Severity of liver dysfunction when performed serially may predict prognosis and may be helpful in assessing response to medical therapy or a surgical intervention.Methods: The data was collected in thirty cases of surgical obstructive jaundice in terms of age, sex, etiology, clinical presentation, surgical intervention for biliary drainage and the laboratory liver biochemical and coagulation profiles on a day prior to surgical intervention and post-operatively on 1st week and 4th week were recorded.Results: Of total 30 patients 56.66% were females. Patients with 73.68% of benign disease and 100% of malignant disease were of age more than 40 years. 63.33% of patients had benign cause for biliary obstruction. Choledochoithiasis and periampullary carcinoma were two most common causes of obstructive jaundice. The commonest complaints were; yellowish di...
Study of the long-term effects of selective biliary obstruction (SBO)
Research in Experimental Medicine, 1981
Selective biliary obstruction (SBO) is a model of partial cholestasis in the rat in which the bile duct draining the median lobe is ligated and transected; the remaining biliary tree remains intact. Other authors introduced this experimental model and studied morphological and biochemical modifications in the liver after 2 days from surgery. They suggest that an adaptation may o c c u r. Choosing some markers of cholestasis and some other markers of various cytoplasmic organelles, we studied the long-term effects that occur in serum and in total liver homogenate of selectively obstructed rats as compared to controls. Alkaline phosphatase activity and bile acids content, which were significantly higher than controls in serum and in total liver homogenate of the median lobe after 2 and 8 days from SBO, returned to normal range values after 30 days. Cytochrome-oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in total homogenate of the SBO median lobe remains perfectly similar to the control values in time. Results, together with morphological observations, suggest that cholestasis is present immediately after operation, then decreases gradually and disappears finally. The obstructed median lobe seems to cope with cholestasis.
Gastropathy and defense mechanisms in common bile duct ligated portal hypertensive rats
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2000
Portal hypertensive gastropathy is associated with a broad spectrum of gastric mucosal damage inspite of decreased gastric acid secretion, suggestive of compromised endogenous protective mechanisms. To determine the mechanisms of damage in portal hypertensive gastropathy we measured lipid peroxidation, glutathione, antioxidant and lysosomal enzymes in gastric mucosal homogenates from male Wistar rats with elevated intrasplenic pulp pressure, eighteen days after common bile duct ligation. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and lysosomal enzymes (β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase) were increased in the common bile duct ligated group as compared to the sham-operated group. The levels of antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione were decreased as compared to the sham-operated controls. Pre-operative vitamin E administration decreased mucosal lipid peroxidation increased the levels of antioxidant defense enzymes and lowered the lysosomal enzymes. The plasma vitamin E levels in this group were lower when compared to animals receiving it post-operatively. In conclusion, free radical and lysosomal enzyme mediated damage may play a role in portal hypertensive gastropathy.
A new in vitro model for ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 1999
A new in vitro model for ethanol-induced gastric damage is described. The stomach was dissected from the rat, a polyethylene cannula introduced into the remnants of the esophagus, and the pyloric end tied off. With the cardiac and pyloric regions of the stomach secured by thread to a vertical glass rod or tube, the whole was suspended in an organ bath containing aerated Krebs solution. Fifteen minutes later, ethanol was introduced via the esophageal cannula. After an additional 60 min, the stomach was removed from the Krebs solution, opened along the mid line, and the lesions studied. Comparisons were made with a conventional in vivo model. Results show that the lesion number, length, and total lesion area obtained by the in vitro model were comparable to those obtained in the older in vivo model. Histopathologicly, lesions induced by both models were also comparable. Clonazepam, a drug previously used in the in vivo model, was tested in this model. Results indicate that clonazpam protected against ethanol-induced gastric damage in vitro. The new model provides a method to study the action of drugs on the stomach alone and to exclude in indirect actions of drugs via other sites in the body.
American Journal of Surgery, 1990
In order to evaluate the effect of cholecystectomy on the gastric mucosa, the duodenogastric reflux of total and single bile acids, the number of parietal and gastrin cells, and the volume of gastric acid secretion were examined in 15 patients with gallstones and functioning gallbladders before and 6 months after cholecystectomy. The duodenogastric reflux of the total bile acids increased from a mean preoperative value of 1.9 #mol/hour to a mean postoperative value of 21 #mol/hour (p = 0.008). The duodenogastric reflux of all single bile acids increased after cholecystectomy, with a higher increase in glycoconjugated compared with tauroconjugated bile acids. The parietal cells decreased from a mean preoperative value of 82.8 to a mean postoperative value of 68.7 (p = 0.05), whereas there was only a mild increase in the number of gastrin cells; the output of gastric acid remained unchanged. The variation of the gastrin cells before and after cholecystectomy was negatively correlated only with the variation of taurocholic acid (r = -0.50, p = 0.05), while the variation of the parietal cells was mildly correlated with all single bile acids (r = 0.35-0.50, 0.05 < p <0.02). These findings show an increased duodenogastric reflux of bile acids 6 months after cholecystectomy with a mild morphologic alteration of the gastric mucosa. C holecystectomy is a common surgical operation, and it is important to be aware of its eventual side effects. Surgical removal of the gallbladder alters the composition of hepatic bile [1-5] and probably increases the risk of colorectal cancer [6-10], but little is known about its effect on the stomach.
Changes in nutritional status associated with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage in rats
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1986
Effect of bile duct ligation (BDL) and internal biliary drainage on food intake and nutritional status was studied in rats and compared with sham and pair-fed animals. During week 1, food intake of BDL animals was reduced (p less than 0.05), resulting in weight loss (p less than 0.05). In weeks 2 and 3, food intake, nitrogen balance, and weight gain were similar in all groups. Internal biliary drainage or sham operation after 3 wk produced transient changes in food intake and N2 balance. Serum albumin fell in all groups, returned to normal in sham (3.2 +/- 0.1 g/dl) and pair-fed (3.1 +/- 0.1 g/dl), but persisted in BDL rats (2.4 +/- 0.2 g/dl, p less than 0.001). Jaundice was associated with anemia. Although BDL produces transient changes in food intake, weight gain, and N2 balance, anorexia and malnutrition are not features of this animal model. Nutritional risk factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia are probably due to changes in intermediary metabolism.