Prevalence of comorbidities in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder at Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2003
Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been noted for its high rate of comorbidity. The present study is the first report in Japan evaluating the proportion of comorbidity in ADHD cases presenting in the clinical setting, aiming at clarifying the picture of ADHD in Japan. The subjects consisted of 68 child and adolescent cases meeting criteria for ADHD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn) under treatment at a child psychiatry clinic (IQ > 50, mental age ≥ 4 years old). Disorders evaluated as comorbid disorders were mood disorders, anxiety disorders, elimination disorders, sleep disorders, tic disorders, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), school refusal, and epilepsy. Comorbidity with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, ODD, and CD, were found to be lower than the high rates conventionally reported in North America. The lower age of the present subjects, primarily in infancy and elementary school age with few adolesc...
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Journal of Attention Disorders, 2019
Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its comorbidities and some associated demographic factors in a large sample population-based study. Method: As part of a population-based survey among 30,532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years, we used K-SADS-PL to screen and detect ADHD and its comorbidities. Results: The prevalence of ADHD was 4%, with more prevalence among boys (5.2% vs. 2.7%), younger participants, urban residents, and offspring of mothers who had a history of psychiatric hospitalization. Anxiety disorders (37.9%) and behavioral disorders (31%) are the most prevalent group of comorbidities, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is the most prevalent comorbid disorder (26.1%). Mood disorders and anxiety disorders are more common among girls, but conduct disorder has a higher rate among boys. Conclusion: ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder which is accompanied by several comorbid conditions. The high rate of comorbidities makes i...
IJSRST162294 | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The aim of study was to find out symptoms, diagnosis, various causes, treatment, associated risk factors among children about ADHD.ADHD is most commonly seen developmental disorder in children within 5-12 years. Children shows symptoms associate with ADHD as talk nonstop, fidget and squirm, forget things, difficulty focusing on one thing. The core behavioral symptoms of Hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inappropriate patterns of inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The causes that lead to the development of ADHD include genetic and environmental factors, nutritional and psychosocial factors, chemical exposure. Children are emotionally affected when they witness violence within the family.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is neurobehavioral disorder in children, characterized by symptoms as inattention , hyperactivity impulsivity. Dopamine deficit theory proposed for ADHD says that abnormalities in the dopamine modulated frontal-striatal circuits, effects on brain imaging and functioning. It also associate with the iron deficiency which is major cause of Restless Leg Syndrom (RLS), a condition related to ADHD. This study indicated that yoga may contribute to stabilising the emotions, reducing restless /impulsive behavior and reducing oppositional behavior. Negative family relationships are associated with symptoms of ADHD. Its association with the intelligence quotient reiterates the importance of the genetic and environmental basis at the origin of the disorder.
2017
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children has been reported at 4-7%. Numerous populationand clinical-based studies have reported that more than half of cases of ADHD have at least one psychiatric comor‐ bidity. The presence of psychiatric comorbidities complicates the diagnosis, treat‐ ment, and prognosis of ADHD; thus, diagnosis of comorbidities is of great importance. Possible comorbidities should therefore be investigated in cases diagnosed with ADHD before treatment planning.
ADHD characteristics: I. Concurrent co-morbidity patterns in children & adolescents
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2008
Objective: 342 Caucasian subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recruited from pediatric and behavioral health clinics for a genetic study. Concurrent comorbidity was assessed to characterize the clinical profile of this cohort. Methods: Subjects 6 to 18 years were diagnosed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders & Schizophrenia for School aged Children (K-SADS-P IVR). Results: The most prevalent diagnoses co-occurring with ADHD were Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (40.6%), Minor Depression/Dysthymia (MDDD) (21.6%), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (15.2%). In Inattentive ADHD (n = 106), 20.8% had MDDD, 20.8% ODD, and 18.6% GAD; in Hyperactive ADHD (n = 31) 41.9% had ODD, 22.2% GAD, and 19.4% MDDD. In Combined ADHD, (n = 203), 50.7% had ODD, 22.7% MDDD and 12.4% GAD. MDDD and GAD were equally prevalent in the ADHD subtypes but, ODD was significantly more common among Combined and Hyperactive ADHD compared to Inattentive ADHD. The data suggested a subsample of Irritable prepubertal children exhibiting a diagnostic triad of ODD, Combined ADHD, and MDDD may account for the over diagnosing of Bipolar Disorder. Conclusion: Almost 2/3 rd of ADHD children have impairing comorbid diagnoses; Hyperactive ADHD represents less than 10% of an ADHD sample; ODD is primarily associated with Hyperactive and Combined ADHD; and, MDDD may be a significant morbidity for ADHD youths from clinical samples.
Epidemiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD - New Directions in Diagnosis and Treatment, 2015
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized with attention deficits, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness. The prevalence of ADHD varies from country to country and from various cultural and geographical zones. The pattern and distribution of ADHD also vary with gender and age. It has also been noted that some factors are associated with ADHD. For instance, some central nervous system anomalies had been associated with ADHD. Genetic and environmental risk factors have also been implicated. Some conduct and learning disorders have also been associated with ADHD. Of recent, some cardiac anomalies and behavioral disorders such as enuresis and encopresis have all been associated with children with ADHD. Conclusion: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neuropsychiatric disorder, varies in prevalence from one country to another with several associations.