Membranes in Water Reclamation: Treatment, Reuse and Concentrate Management (original) (raw)
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The role of membrane processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse
Desalination, 2005
Wastewater reuse presents a promising solution to the growing pressure on water resources. However, wastewater reuse implementation faces obstacles that include insufficient public acceptance, technical, economic and hygienic risks and further uncertainties caused by a lack of awareness, accepted standards, uniform guidelines and legislation. So far, there are no supranational regulations on water reuse in Europe and further development is slowed by lack of widely accepted standards e.g. in terms of required water quality, treatment technology and distribution system design and operation.
Membrane developed systems for water and wastewater treatment
Environmental Progress, 2005
Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands from population growth and industry expansion. In many arid and semiarid areas, providing the large volume of water required for industrial, agricultural, recreational, and potable applications is especially difficult. So, searching for "new" water sources is a task for researchers in the water works field. Municipal wastewater, which constitutes between 75 and 80% of consumed water in most cities, is one of the most reliable sources of water because its volume varies little throughout the year [1]. Through suitable treatment, reclaimed wastewater can meet various water quality requirements for potential wastewater reuse [2]. A wide variety of treatment technologies have been studied and developed for reclaiming secondary effluents, such as processes coupling, chemical oxidation, depth filtration, adsorption, air stripping, ion exchange, electrodialysis, surface filtration, chemical precipitation, and membrane processes [3]. Membrane treatment has increased in prevalence during recent years because it represents an alternative treatment that produces stable high water quality for compliance with stringent water quality regulations. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of secondary effluent with membrane processes. Ghayeni et al. [1] applied four different low operating pressure reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes [PVD and CTA from Hydranautics (San Diego, CA), TFCL from Koch membrane (San Diego, CA), and NF45 from FilmTech (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)], with MF pretreatment, to evaluate the high-quality production from secondary effluent. Results showed that the TFCL membrane was the most suitable membrane for treatment of secondary effluents because of its better rejection ability: a 99.2% rejection of conductivity, 100%
Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment with Emphasis in Membrane Treatment Operations
Water
The present Special Issue brought together recent research findings from renowned scientists in this field and assembled contributions on advanced technologies that have been applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with an emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. The 12 research contributions highlight various processes and technologies that can achieve the effective treatment and purification of wastewater and drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The published papers can be classified into three major categories. (a) First, there are those that investigate the application of membrane treatment processes, either directly or in hybrid processes. The role of organic matter presence and fouling control is the main aim of the research in some of these studies. (b) Second, there are studies that investigate the application of adsorptive processes for the removal of contaminants from waters, such as arsenic, antimony, or chromate, with the ai...
Membranes for Industrial Water Reuse – They're Not Just for Municipal Applications Anymore
Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2007
Over the last few years, membranes have become the preferred treatment technology in municipal water and wastewater treatment. However, many industrial treatment processes have continued to rely on conventional techniques. With recent improvements in membrane technologies, and with more stringent discharge requirements for industrial systems, membranes are becoming the preferred treatment technology for industrial processes as well. Common applications for using membranes in industrial treatment systems include:-Secondary treatment, using Membrane Bio-Reactors (MBR), where BOD and TSS limits are being tightened.-Tertiary treatment, using low pressure membranes (e.g. Microfiltration), where the effluent is being reused.-Tertiary treatment, using high pressure membranes (e.g. Nanofiltration, Reverse Osmosis [RO]), when Total Dissolved Solids, metals, and/or emerging contaminants must be removed to meet tightened discharge requirements. Most industrial wastewater streams contain higher organic loads, measured in thousands of mg/l BOD and COD, than municipal streams. Also, many industrial streams have high concentrations of TDS. Finally, peaking factors for industrial streams tend to be much higher than for municipal streams. These factors make industrial treatment systems challenging to design. This presentation provides information on how membranes have been or will be used in several industrial applications to achieve treatment targets.
Sustainability, 2021
Discharged water from the oil and gas fields is a common type of wastewater called produced water (PW). It consists of different combinations of salinities, oils, and mineral deposits. Growing industrial demand, accelerated urbanization, and rapid population growth are putting enormous strain on the world’s water supply. Based on sustainable freshwater supplies, North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia confront the ultimate water shortages threat. Proper implementation of innovative membrane technologies in wastewater treatment is considered a solution towards tackling water insecurity and sustainability. Different types of innovative membrane technologies used for produced water treatment were considered in this work. A framework of innovative membrane technology was studied for industrial wastewater with direct contribution to the environmental and economical sustainability factors, taking into consideration grand challenges and limitations in energy costs and environmental c...
Water Reuse Applications Using Membrane Technology
Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2006
An analysis of a variety of full-scale water reclamation and reuse systems was conducted to evaluate the differences between those using conventional and membrane-based treatment technology. It was anticipated that membrane-based systems would provide advantages, but it was not clear which advantages would be most significant for various applications. The results confirm advantages for membrane-based systems, including improved reliability but also reduced complexity and improved operability due to the broad range of contaminants that can be removed in membrane-based systems, especially MBRs. The result is that fewer unit processes are often needed in membrane-based system than conventional systems design to achieve the same reclaimed water quality. This feature can then lead to reduced complexity and improved operability. The ability of membrane-based systems to remove a broad range on contaminants can also lead to improved contaminant removal for a specified system. Reduced chemical use can lead to improved sustainability for membrane-based systems. The advantages of membrane-based systems often increase as reclaimed water quality requirements increase. The cost-effectiveness of membrane-based water reclamation systems compared to conventional water reclamation systems has also been demonstrated in several instances.
2005
Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands from population growth and industry expansion. In many arid and semiarid areas, providing the large volume of water required for industrial, agricultural, recreational, and potable applications is especially difficult. So, searching for "new" water sources is a task for researchers in the water works field. Municipal wastewater, which constitutes between 75 and 80% of consumed water in most cities, is one of the most reliable sources of water because its volume varies little throughout the year [1]. Through suitable treatment, reclaimed wastewater can meet various water quality requirements for potential wastewater reuse [2]. A wide variety of treatment technologies have been studied and developed for reclaiming secondary effluents, such as processes coupling, chemical oxidation, depth filtration, adsorption, air stripping, ion exchange, electrodialysis, surface filtration, chemical precipitation, and membrane processes [3]. Membrane treatment has increased in prevalence during recent years because it represents an alternative treatment that produces stable high water quality for compliance with stringent water quality regulations. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of secondary effluent with membrane processes. Ghayeni et al. [1] applied four different low operating pressure reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes [PVD and CTA from Hydranautics (San Diego, CA), TFCL from Koch membrane (San Diego, CA), and NF45 from FilmTech (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)], with MF pretreatment, to evaluate the high-quality production from secondary effluent. Results showed that the TFCL membrane was the most suitable membrane for treatment of secondary effluents because of its better rejection ability: a 99.2% rejection of conductivity, 100%
Strategies to improve membrane performance in wastewater treatment
Chemosphere, 2022
Membrane technology has rapidly gained popularity in wastewater treatment due to its costeffectiveness, environmentally friendly tools, and elevated productivity. Although membrane performance in wastewater treatment has been reviewed in several past studies, the key techniques for improving membrane performance, as well as their challenges, and solutions associated with the membrane process, were not sufficiently highlighted in those studies. Also, very few studies have addressed hybrid techniques to improve membrane performance. The
Development of an integrated membrane process for water reclamation
Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2005
An integrated membrane process (IMP) comprising a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a reverse osmosis (RO) process was developed for water reclamation. Wastewater was treated by an MBR operated at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 20 days and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5.5 h. The IMP had an overall recovery efficiency of 80%. A unique feature of the IMP was the recycling of a fraction of RO concentrate back to the MBR. Experimental results revealed that a portion of the slow- and hard-to-degrade organic constituents in the recycle stream could be degraded by an acclimated biomass leading to an improved MBR treatment efficiency. Although recycling concentrated constituents could impose an inhibitory effect on the biomass and suppress their respiratory activities, results obtained suggested that operating MBR (in the novel IMP) at an F/M ratio below 0.03 g TOC/g VSS.day could yield an effluent quality comparable to that achievable without concentrate recycling. It is noted in this...
Applications and Advancements in Treatment of Waste Water by Membrane Technology- A Review
Removal of various pollutants from waste water can be facilitiated by various methods. Conventional treatment methods include physical treatment followed by biological treatments , either attached growth or suspended growth. These methods have their own disadvantages like large land area requirements, disposal of the sludge produced in the treatments, operating problems under various conditions of temperature. Membrane technology is very promising and widely studied alternative. The current review aims at studying the research carried out for application of membrane technology for the wastewater treatment. During the review it was found that the membrane techno