Review on Antityrosinase Activity of Some Indian Medicinal Plants and their Phytoconstituents (original) (raw)
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Antityrosinase effect of botanicals: A review of medicinal plants cosmetic
2015
Antityrosinase as skin whitening agents commercially available for cosmetic to helping people to get lighter skin appearance. Besides as whitening agents, antityrosinase can be used to treat over pigmentation of skin pigmentation disorder in clinical treatment. This agent can inhibit tyrosinase activity in melanogenesis proses. In this review we present an overview of antityrosinase from botanicals as a review of medicinal plants cosmetic.
Tyrosinase modulation by five Rwandese herbal medicines traditionally used for skin treatment
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional herbal medicines provide an interesting, largely unexplored source for the development of potential new drugs and skin-care cosmetics. Some herbal extracts are known to be inhibitors of melanin formation, sometimes more potent than the classical inhibitors, hydroquinone/arbutin or kojic acid, and are not associated with melanocytes cytotoxicity or mutagenicity. Such plants are used in traditional medicine in many countries, particularly in Africa, for skin lightening. Aim of the study: To evaluate in vitro the ability of Rwandese medicinal plants, traditionally used for the treatment of skin (discoloration and attenuation of discolored spots), to modulate pigmentation and tyrosinase activity. Materials and methods: Based on an ethnopharmacological survey, five herbs [Brillantaisia cicatricosa Lindau (Acanthaceae), Chenopodium ugandae (Aellen) Aellen (Chenopodiaceae), Dolichopentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae), Protea madiensis Oliv. (Proteaceae) and Sesamum angolense Welw. (Pedaliaceae)] were selected. Twenty-seven extracts, obtained by treating the herbs with increasing polarities solvents, were investigated for their effects on cell viability (MTT test) and on pigmentation: inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase (colorimetry of reaction products, measurement of enzyme activity, TLC-autography; studies on crude cellular extracts obtained from normal melanocytes and on a mushroom tyrosinase) and measurement of melanogenesis by human melanoma cells. Results: None of the tested plant extracts were cytotoxic on tested human melanoma cell lines, except for Dolichopentas longiflora (IC 50 of leaves n-hexane extract, 4 mg/ml for MM028 and 4.5 mg/ml for MM001; IC 50 of roots ethyl acetate extract, 0.8 mg/ml for MM028 and 3.9 mg/ml for MM001). Almost all extracts inhibited melanogenesis in a melanoma whole cells overall pigmentation assay, a model reflecting the entire cycle of melanogenesis. All the Protea madiensis extracts quite strongly inhibited melanogenesis and, surprisingly, one of the Dolichopentas longiflora leaves extracts was found to increase melanogenesis. These results were confirmed by the modulation of pigmentation reactions by crude cellular extracts obtained from normal melanocytes; interestingly, one of the extracts (Dolichopentas longiflora ethyl acetate extract) is even more active (61% at 500 mg/ml) than kojic acid (o 3% at 142 mg/ml and 68% at 1421 mg/ml). In a mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay, data obtained on some extracts fairly agree with pigmentation inhibition measured on melanocytes proteins as, for example, the methanol extract of Protea madiensis. While a few others extract display discording data, this probably reflects either differences between human and mushroom tyrosinase, interference with melanocytes enzymes at later steps than tyrosinase or the simultaneous presence of compounds with conflicting activities in a given extract. Conclusions: Ethnopharmacological data represent an efficient approach to discover active herbs. Some of the selected medicinal plants clearly show potent tyrosinase inhibitions while one extract significantly increases cell pigmentation; one extract contains potent growth melanocytes inhibitors.
Preliminary screening of some tropical plants for anti-tyrosinase activity
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002
In our efforts to find new active tyrosinase inhibitors for skin-whitening or antibrowning preparations, we investigated 67 tropical plants belonging to 38 families, which were evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase activity. The results of our investigation show that extracts of 5 plants, Stryphnodendron barbatimao, Portulaca pilosa, Cariniana brasiliensis, Entada africana and Prosopis africana present interesting in vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibition (over 90%), similar to a positive control: Morus alba . These 5 plants will be studied in order to isolate and identify phytochemical compounds, involved in this biological activity. #
Plants from Brazilian Cerrado with Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity
PLoS ONE, 2012
The increased amount of melanin leads to skin disorders such as age spots, freckles, melasma and malignant melanoma. Tyrosinase is known to be the key enzyme in melanin production. Plants and their extracts are inexpensive and rich resources of active compounds that can be utilized to inhibit tyrosinase as well as can be used for the treatment of dermatological disorders associated with melanin hyperpigmentation. Using in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay, extracts from 13 plant species from Brazilian Cerrado were evaluated. The results showed that Pouteria torta and Eugenia dysenterica extracts presented potent in vitro tyrosinase inhibition compared to positive control kojic acid. Ethanol extract of Eugenia dysenterica leaves showed significant (p,0.05) tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibiting the IC 50 value of 11.88 mg/ mL, compared to kojic acid (IC 50 value of 13.14 mg/mL). Pouteria torta aqueous extract leaves also showed significant inhibitory activity with IC 50 value of 30.01 mg/mL. These results indicate that Pouteria torta and Eugenia dysenterica extracts and their isolated constituents are promising agents for skin-whitening or antimelanogenesis formulations.
Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis Inhibition by Indigenous African Plants: A Review
2020
The indiscriminate use of non-regulated skin lighteners among African populations has raised health concerns due to the negative effects associated with skin lightener toxicity. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the cosmetic development of plants and their metabolites as alternatives to available chemical-derived skin lightening formulations. Approximately 90% of Africa’s population depends on traditional medicine, and the continent’s biodiversity holds plant material with various biological activities, thus attracting considerable research interest. This study aimed to review existing evidence and document indigenous African plant species capable of inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase and melanogenesis for potential incorporation into skin lightening products. Literature search on melanin biosynthesis, skin lightening, and tyrosinase inhibitors resulted in the identification of 35 plant species were distributed among 31 genera and 21 families across 15 African countries ...
Different Natural and Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors and their Application
2021
Tyrosinase plays an important role in melanin synthesis by directly regulating the amount of melanin produced unlike other enzymes, which can only modify the synthesized melanin in the biochemical pathway. Tyrosinase is basically involved in the pigmentation of skin, eyes and hair in mammals which provides protection against UV rays. Tyrosinase is an oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme which acts with other compounds as donor and incorporates an oxygen atom for depicting its principal characteristic. This enzyme is also used for the therapeutic purposes namely L-DOPA drug, which is used to treat Parkinson’s disease, manufacturing of lincomycin antibiotic and treating various neurological diseases. This enzyme has also been used in the food bioprocessing, agricultural and environmental industries. Inhibition of tyrosinase pose various strategies to develop new depigmenting agents which consequently has great applications in medical and cosmetic products. Natural and synthetic tyrosinase inh...
Antityrosinase Activity of Some Plant Extracts and Formulations Containing Ellagic Acid
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2007
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in a variety of plants in its free form or in the form of ellagitannin glycosides. In this study, the ellagic acid content of the methanol extracts of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) leaves, Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) stem bark, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (Myrtaceae) leaves was determined to develop melanogenesis inhibitors. An improved NaNO 2 assay was used for determination of EA. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts and synthetic EA was tested in vitro by monitoring the appearance of dopachrome, an intermediate in the melanogenesis process. The results were compared keeping the same total concentration of inhibitor. The efficacy of EA (1%) was compared with arbutin (1%) and hydroquinone monomethyl ether (1%) as reference substances, and it was found to be a more efficient suppressor of pigmentation. The effect of formulation variables on the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was also evaluated. Based on dopachrome tests performed in the formulations, it could be concluded that the combination with plant extracts had a synergistic effect, and gel formulation could be suggested as an effective carrier for treating uneven skin pigmentation.
Molecules
Tyrosinase is a key enzyme target to design new chemical ligands against melanogenesis. In the current review, different chemical derivatives are explored which have been used as anti-melanogenic compounds. These are different chemical compounds naturally present in plants and semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds inspired by these natural products, such as kojic acid produced by several species of fungi; arbutin—a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant; vanillin—a phenolic aldehyde extracted from the vanilla bean, etc. After enzyme inhibition screening, various chemical compounds showed different therapeutic effects as tyrosinase inhibitors with different values of the inhibition constant and IC50. We show how appropriately designed scaffolds inspired by the structures of natural compounds are used to develop novel synthetic inhibitors. We review the results of numerous studies, which could lead to the development of effective anti-tyrosinase agents with incr...
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018
The search for natural cosmeceuticals has gained an increasing demand due to its fewer side effects and become more prevalent in cosmetic formulations. Plant sources contain numerous natural compounds which can be used as whitening, anti-aging anti-wrinkle ingredients and also for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Ethanol extracts of 15 Sri Lankan medicinal plants were investigated for their tyrosinase, elastase and hyaluronidase enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities for the purpose of identifying anti-aging and skin-whitening ingredients with the potential for use as materials in cosmetics. Eleocarpus serratus bark extract showed highest elastase inhibitory activity (IC 50 27.27 ± 2.74 μg/mL) while Curcuma aromatica rhizomes exhibited marked elastase (IC 50 252.7 ± 6.8 μg/mL) and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities (95.0% inhibition at 500 μg/mL). Artocarpus altilis and Artocarpus nobilis bark extracts are good source of tyrosinase (IC 50 27.47 ± 0.45 μg/mL, 53.23 ± 2.65 μg/mL), hyaluronidase (68.59%, 44.78% inhibition at 500 μg/mL), and elastase inhibitors (23.87%, 30.96% inhibition at 500 μg/mL). Eleocarpus serratus extracts exhibited highest antioxidant activities compared to other tested plants. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity positively correlates with the Total Flavonoid Content (r = 0.711) and DPPH free radical scavenging activities (r = 0.891). These results suggest that medicinal plants showing biological activities may be potent inhibitors of tyrosinase, elastase and hyaluronidase and could be useful for application in cosmetics. This is the first report of tyrosinase elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts of A. nobilis and E. serratus bark, leaves and fruit and M. ferrea leaves, petals and stamens.