A study on cervical pap screening with clinical correlation in a tertiary care hospital (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
According to WHO (world health organisation), Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. 1 Global report published by WHO in 2014, shows that around 2,66,000 women died from cancer of cervix in the year 2012. 2 Therefore this cancer is taking a toll on the health of women worldwide. Among the South-Asian countries, India has the highest age standardization incidence of cervical cancer at 22, compared to 19.2 in Bangladesh, 13 in Sri lanka and 2.8 in Iran. So it is very important to understand the epidemiological pattern and diagnose cervical cancers at an early stage. 3 Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of pre-cancerous, cancerous and benign lesions of cervix. 4 It is a sensitive test for early screening of cervical lesions and most
Study of cytological pattern of pap smears and detection of cervical cancers in Gujarat, India
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
duction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It can be preventable and diagnosed early with adequate and repetitive cytological screening by pap test. The conventional cervical cytological screening is the most common technique used throughout the world. Objective: To characterize the age and pattern of Pap smear abnormalities in a population of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Gujarat India. All previously collected pap smear from 2011 -2014 was evaluated for cytological pattern and during this duration total 1100 pap smear was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients with abnormal smears was 37.5 years. The mean parity was 4.34. There were 46 (4.18%) unsatisfactory smears and 1054(95.82%) adequate smears. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were reported in 69 (6.54%), 111(10.53%), and 55 (5.21%) women respectively. Atypical glandular cell and squamous cell carcinoma were reported in 10 (0.94%) and 5 (0.47%) respectively Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of Pap smears screening for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Pap smear testing is a very useful, simple, economical and safe tool to detect preinvasive cervical epithelial lesions. Hence, on a routine basis, every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear and this must be continued even in post-menopausal period as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
Study of Cervical Pap Smears in a Tertiary Hospital
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016
Background: Cancer of the cervix is the leading cancer among females of india. Cancer of cervix is readily preventable, and can be diagnosed at the pre-invasive stage with adequate and repetitive cytological screening with Papanicolaou (Pap)smears. Objectives: This is a retrospective study aimed to evaluate all previously conducted cervical smears examined at a teaching tertiary hospital during a six month period. Methods: Detailed clinical data and Pap smear cytology reports were obtained and data noted in a structured proforma. All the smears were reported as per the 2001 Bethesda system. Results: A total of 500 Pap smears were examined. Maximum number of patients was in the age group of 31-40 years (fourth decade). There were 37(7.4%) unsatisfactory or inadequate samples. A total of 430 smears were reported as Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM), of which 60 (12%) showed normal cytological findings and 370(74%) were inflammatory. Out of a total of 500 Pap smears, only 33(6.6%%) cases were reported to have epithelial cell abnormality. The 33 abnormal cases comprised of 20 cases with ASC-US, 8 cases of LSIL, 2 cases of HSIL,2 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and one case of adenocarcinoma cervix. Conclusion: Premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix can be diagnosed easily by Pap smears. The epithelial cell abnormality rate in our study was 6.6%.
Cytopathological pattern of cervical pap smears -a study among population of North Malabar in Kerala
2016
Background: India, the second most populous country in the world accounts for about 25% of cervical cancer deaths. Only limited studies are available on the prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in various populations in India, especially in North Kerala. We have undertaken the present study, with the intention to estimate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology smears in this region so that appropriate screening strategies can be planned. Methods & Materials: A one year retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Pathology of a private medical college to evaluate all the pap smears reported during September 2012 to August, 2013. Smears were assessed according to the revised 2001 Bethesda system. A total of 2028 cases were analyzed. Prevalence of epithelial abnormalities was calculated in percentages. Results: Out of total 2028 patients, 49 (2.41%) cases revealed epithelial abnormalities. The most frequent epithelial cell abnormality was Low grade Squamous Intra epithelial Lesion (32 cases, 1.58%). Nearly half of the patients with abnormal pap smears presented with a normal looking cervix. Epithelial abnormality was more prevalent in post-menopausal age group. Conclusion: Our hospital based study shows a relatively low prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormality which is similar to that seen in the developed world. Every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear even with a normal looking cervix and this must be continued in post-menopausal period, as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2021
Background: Cancer cervix is fourth most common cancer in the world and second most common in India. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst women. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted among 200 women undergoing Pap Smear Test at gynecology OPD between January-June 2020. Pap smear test was classified as per Bethesda system. Result: Abnormal pap smear report was seen among 25.5% women. Higher proportion of abnormal pap report was seen among women aged 21-30 years (41.17%), with a duration of married life between 10-20 years 33.3%. The common abnormal pap smear report finding were inflammatory changes and vaginosis. Epithelial cell abnormalities were found among 18 (9%) women. Conclusion: Pap smear test is a simple, affordable, effective, and practical screening test for early detection of cervical cancer, and it decreases morbidities and mortalities due to cervical cancer.
Role of Pap smear in the screening of cervical cancer: A hospital based study
Journal of Pathology of Nepal
Background: Incidence of cervical cancer has decreased in the developed world due to use of Pap smear as a screening tool. It has been proven as a sensitive screening tool for cervical cancer but its coverage is very low in Nepal. The objective of this study is to find out the incidence of cervical epithelial cell abnormality, its demographic distribution and common presenting symptoms. Materials and Methods: This retrospective comparative study was conducted in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. A total of 950 patients attending gynecological department with various symptoms were enrolled. Only 902 patients were included in the study after excluding inadequate samples. Results: The mean age of patient was 37.94 ± 12.74 years with minimum age of 18 and maximum age of 79 years. The mean age of patients with epithelial abnormality was 47.88 ± 8.87 years. The highest number of Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance was observed between 51-60 y...
IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research, 2021
Context: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world after breast cancer and is the most common gynecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap Smear is a simple and cost effective screening tests for early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The reporting of the pap smear was based on 2014 Bethesda system Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective two year study done in a tertiary Hospital in TSM Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018. All Pap smears received from women were included in our study. Total of 450 pap smears were stained by conventional papanicolaou technique and reported by Bethesda system 2014. Results: Out of 450 cases, 411 cases (91.3%) were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy, 31 cases (6.9%) were showing epithelial cell abnormality and 8 cases (1.7%) were unsatisfactory. In negative fo...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. In India it is the second most common cancer after breast carcinoma. PAP smear is the best screening method to reveal spectrum of lesions in cervix ranging from inflammatory to the neoplastic process. Because of easy accessibility of cervix, cervical screening is helpful for ready diagnosis of 90 % to 96 % cytological abnormalities even in the pre-invasive stage. We wanted to evaluate the importance of PAP smear examination as a preliminary method accommodating histopathology and assess the spectrum of lesions. METHODS The study was done to identify the target age groups for the early detection of cancerous cervix by PAP smear examination. The study was done on patients who attended government general hospital (GGH), Ongole, from January 2018 to December 2019. Lesions were categorized based on 2014 Bethesda system as negative intraepithelial lesion for malignancy (NILM) / Inflammatory, benign, premalignant, and ma...
Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear- A Hospital Based Study
IOSR Journals , 2019
Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of death in women world wide especially in the developing countries. Lack of universal and effective screening programme using Pap smear is one of the reasons for delayed diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to identify and analyze abnormal Pap smear reports to plan treatment. Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 2 years from June 2016 to May 2018 at Government Victoria Hospital, Visakhapatnam. The study included all women attending the Gynaecology OPD between the ages 15 -70 years who were sexually active. A total of 4200 women were screened using Pap test and unsatisfactory smear was seen in 48 cases. The women with unsatisfactory smears were excuded from the study and those women with satisfactory smears were tabulated and analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: The maximum number of smears were taken in the age groups 31-40 years and 21-30 years which are 1630(39.25%) and 1455(35.05%) respectively. The most common clinical presentation was vaginal discharge with 2486 women (62.4%). Normal smears were seen in 854 cases (22.46%), inflammatory smears in 2790 cases (73.4%). Epithelial cell abnormality constituted 351(8.45%) of total cases screened. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) was the commonest epithelial cell abnormality (43.87%) followed by LSIL (20.22%), HSIL (15.66%) and AEC-NOS (9.97%).Squamous cell carcinoma constituted 7.12% of epithelial cell abnormality. Conclusions: Pap smear is a simple screening test for cervical cancer which can prevent morbidity and mortality associated with it.