The Effect of Mycorrhiza Inoculation and Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Efficiency of Wheat Plants (original) (raw)
Related papers
Field Crops Research, 2012
The potential effect of indigenous and selected mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and phosphorus (P) treatment on plant growth, yield, root infection and inoculation effectiveness (IE) were tested with and without methyl bromide (MBr) for three successive years under field conditions. In 1997-1999, twelve plant species were used as host plants in a Menzilat soil series (Typic Xerofluvents) in the Mediterranean coastal region of Turkey. Compared to non-inoculated control plants, mycorrhizal inoculation increased yield in some years, but not in others. The mycorrhizal inoculum increased the root colonization of garlic, horsebean, soybean, chickpea, melon, watermelon, cucumber, maize, cotton, pepper, eggplant and tomato plants compared with the non-inoculated treatments. Compared to fumigation, plant roots grown in non-fumigated soil and successfully infected by indigenous mycorrhiza, resulted with better plant growth. Plant species belonging to the Solanaceae, Leguminosae, and Cucurbitaceae showed high responses to the mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness under both fumigated and non-fumigated soil conditions. In general, IE was higher under low P supply than under high P supply. The effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant P and Zn concentrations were determined: mycorrhiza-inoculated plants had a higher nutrient content than non-inoculated plants, and this was most pronounced under fumigated soil conditions. After 3 years of field experiments, it has been concluded that for (seeded) field crops, soil and plant management systems make a great contribution to indigenous mycorrhiza to improve plant development. Whereas for horticultural plants, on the other hand, (plants transplanted into the field as seedlings), mycorrhizal inoculation makes it easy to use for large agricultural areas compared with the non-inoculated plants. It can be suggested to the farmers that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculated seedlings can be used under field conditions for high yield and quality.
– The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on nitrogen fixing and non-fixing plant growth and macro-and micro-nutrient uptake were observed under field conditions. Several field experiments were set up on the research farm of Çukurova University (Eastern Mediterranean region). In one experiment clover, lentil, onion, garlic, chickpea and horse-bean plants were used. Cocktail mycorrhiza was used as a mycorrhizal strain. The results have shown, that in mycorrhizal plots, the yields of onion, garlic, chickpea, clover, lentil and horse-bean plants were higher than in non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal inoculation also increased Cu and Zn content in the shoot. In another experiment carried out under field conditions for three successful years on horse-bean, chickpea and soybean plants, mycorrhizal inoculation was successfully applied in sterile and non-sterile soil conditions with and without phosphorous application. After a three-year evaluation it was found that under field conditions my...
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2019
The cultivation of horticultural crops, such as green peppers, tomatoes, eggplants and bell peppers is very common in semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions. Two field experiments were performed to determine the effect of mycorrhizal species, plant species and phosphorus levels on mycorrhizal effectiveness and phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) nutrient uptake. In the first experiment, under field conditions, four plants species were inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) species. In the second field experiment, under the same soil conditions, the same plant species were treated with three levels of phosphorus (P), i.e., control; 50 kg and 100 kg P 2 O 5 ha À1. The most effective mycorrhiza species Claroideoglomus etunicatum selected in the first experiment was used in the second field first experiment. In the first experiment, fruit yield enhancement, yield increase, inoculation effectiveness and nutrient concentration in the plant leaves were analyzed. Under field conditions, plant species growth is strongly dependent on the species of AM fungi. Tomato and green pepper plants were inoculated with Cl. etunicatum, eggplants were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae and bell peppers were inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, which are high fruit-yielding plant species. In general, Fu. mosseae and Cl. etunicatum increased the yield of the tomatoes, green peppers and eggplants. It seems mycorrhiza species specific to plant species. In the second experiment, mycorrhizal inoculation with P fertilizer application, in particular a moderate amount of P (50 kg ha À1 P 2 O 5) fertilizer increased the green pepper, bell pepper and tomato fruit yield compared with noninoculated plants and non-P fertilizer application treatments. Increasing the application of P level reduced the mycorrhizal inoculation effectiveness (MIE). The results indicate that for all four solanaceae family plants 50 kg ha À1 P 2 O 5 is a P level threshold for mycorrhizal development, which enhanced plant growth and addition of fertilizer over 50 kg ha À1 P 2 O 5 reduced MIE. P and Zn uptake were significantly increased with mycorrhizal inoculation. These findings are supported by our hypothesis that mycorrhiza inoculation can reduce mycorrhizal dependent horticultural plants P fertilizer requirement.
International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics, 2022
This study intends to examine the types of media and host plants inoculated with mycorrhizae with the aim of obtaining suitable media and plants adapted to mycorrhiza. By knowing the types of media and suitable host plants, it is hoped that there will be findings on good and effective inoculant media for spore multiplication as mycorrhizal inoculant media materials. The rationale is that it is necessary to find alternative planting media and suitable types of host plants for mycorrhizal propagation as mycorrhizal inoculants that farmers can easily use. Utilization of mycorrhizal inoculants is the application of biofertilizers that are environmentally friendly and have good prospects to be the choice of farmers. The study used a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) which consisted of two treatment factors. The first factor was the planting medium (M) consisting of 4 levels, namely m1 = soil mixed with zeolite (50 : 50 ratio), m2 = soil mixed with organic fertilizer (50 : 50 ratio), m3 = soil mixed with tailings (50 : 50 ratio), m4 = soil mixed with fine sand (ratio 50: 50). The second factor was the type of host plant (I) with 3 levels, namely: i1 = corn plant, i2 = shallot plant, i3 = upland rice plant. All treatments were repeated 3 times. The study lasted for 8 months, carried out at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Siliwangi, Tasikmalaya, starting from April to November 2019. The results showed that there was an interaction between the growing media and the type of host plant inoculated with mycorrhiza on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves and number of root infections 35 days after planting. For the parameter number of leaves aged 21 and 28 days, the highest wet weight and dry weight of the upper plant was in upland rice, while the highest lower dry weight was in leeks. Media that has good potential to be used as a mycorrhizal inoculant is a mixture of soil with manure and a mixture of soil with zeolite, while the type of plant that is good as a host plant is shallots.
(185) Response of Vegetable Crops to Mycorrhizal Inoculation in a Calcareous Soil in the Tropics
HortScience
The effects of a vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus aggregatum inoculation were examined on growth of vegetable crops in pot culture and field experiments with Guam cobbly clay loam soil (clayey, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthents). In pot experiments, the growth response of yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata subs. sesquipendalis), sweet corn (Zea mays), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), green onion (Allium fistulosum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and papaya (Carica papaya) were significantly improved with mycorrhizal inoculation. A pot experiment was also conducted to evaluate effects of G. aggregatum inoculation on the growth of corn seedlings at four different water regimes. Seedlings inoculated with G. aggregatum significantly improved the plant growth and the mineral uptake at all levels of water treatments. In the first field trial, prior to seed sowing the media in seedling trays were ...
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1986
Assessment of field situations for the feasibility of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation, using a forage legume as test planto Agric. Ecosystems Environ., 15: 241-'252. This paper reports experiments aimed at predicting ecological situations where vesi-cular+arbuscular mycorrhizal (V AM) inoculation would be beneficia!. Twelve unsterile soils were assayed and Hedysarum coronarium, a forage legume, was the test planto Three vesicular-arbuscular endophytes, namely Glomus mosseae, G. fosciculatus and a Glomus sp. were tested, and in all cases G. mosseae was the more efficient, with indications of some plant+fungus specificity. A considerable degree of dependency on mycorrhizas, for suitable growth and N2-fixation, was also demonstrated for the tested legume-Rhizobium sp. system. The studied soils varied in their concentration of plant-available phosphorus and in the amount, infectivity and effectiveness of indigenous VAM propagules; however, no correlation between these parameters could be found. The level of success of the introduction of G. mosseae in the presence of naturally existing endophytes was evaluated by the extent of the plant response in terms of growth , nodulation and N and P uptake in each soi!. The inoculation of G. mosseae was effective in 7 out of the 12 soils; however, it was not possible to find a correlation between any of the soil parameters studied (i.e. soluble P concentration, amount of mycorrhizal root pieces and VAM mycelium and spores) and the plant response to G. mosseae inoculation. Thus, it is necessary to emphasize the need for simple techniques to screen stiuations where it would be worth attempting VAM inoculation, since each particular soil must be checked for each given plant+fungus combination.
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2010
To be sustainable, production in the traditional yam cropping system, faced with declining soil fertility, could benefit from yam–arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, which can improve nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and drought tolerance in plants. However, only limited information exists about AM colonization of yam. A pot experiment was conducted to collect information on the response of two genotypes (Dioscorea rotundata accession TDr 97/00903 and D. alata accession TDa 297) to AM inoculation (with and without) and phosphorus (P) (0, 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg P kg–1 soil). Factorial combinations of the treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The percentage of AM colonization was significantly lowered at 5 mg P kg–1 soil rate in mycorrhizal plants of both genotypes. TDr 97/00903 showed more responsiveness to AM inoculation than TDa 297. The greatest AM responsiveness for tuber yield (52%) was obtained at 0.5 mg P kg–1 soil rate for TDr 97/00903. Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased root dry weight and tuber yield of TDr 97/00903 with the greatest values obtained at the 0.5 mg P kg–1 soil rate. Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation did not lead to significant (P < 0.05) changes in root length and area. Phosphorus application significantly increased the shoot dry weight and root diameter of TDa 297. Uptake of P was greatest at 0.5 mg P kg–1 soil in both genotypes and was significantly influenced by AM inoculation. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) uptake were greatest in mycorrhizal plants at 0.05 mg P kg–1 soil for TDr 97/00903 but at 0.5 mg P kg–1 soil of nonmycorrhizal plants of TDa 297. The increased tuber yield and nutrient uptake observed in the mycorrhizal plants indicate the potential for the improvement of nutrient acquisition and tuber yield through AM symbiosis.