A Programmable Implantable Microstimulator SoC With Wireless Telemetry: Application in Closed-Loop Endocardial Stimulation for Cardiac Pacemaker (original) (raw)
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Wireless Front-End With Power Management for an Implantable Cardiac Microstimulator
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2012
Inductive coupling is presented with the help of a high-efficiency Class-E power amplifier for an implantable cardiac microstimulator. The external coil inductively transmits power and data with a carrier frequency of 256 kHz into the internal coil of electronic devices inside the body. The detected cardiac signal is fed back to the external device with the same pair of coils to save on space in the telemetry device. To maintain the power reliability of the microstimulator for long-term use, two small rechargeable batteries are employed to supply voltage to the internal circuits. The power management unit, which includes radio frequency front-end circuits with battery charging and detection functions, is used for the supply control. For cardiac stimulation, a high-efficiency charge pump is also proposed in the present paper to generate a stimulated voltage of 3.2 V under a 1 V supply voltage. A phase-locked-loop (PLL)-based phase shift keying demodulator is implemented to efficiently extract the data and clock from an inductive AC signal. The circuits, with an area of 0.45 mm 2 , are implemented in a TSMC 0.35 m 2P4M standard CMOS process. Measurement results reveal that power can be extracted from the inductive coupling and stored in rechargeable batteries, which are controlled by the power management unit, when one of the batteries is drained. Moreover, the data and clock can be precisely recovered from the coil coupling, and a stimulated voltage of 3.2 V can be readily generated by the proposed charge-pump circuits to stimulate cardiac tissues.
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 2011
In this paper, wireless telemetry using the near-field coupling technique with round-wire coils for an implanted car- diac microstimulator is presented. The proposed system possesses an external powering amplifier and an internal bidirectional mi- crostimulator. The energy of the microstimulator is provided by a rectifier that can efficiently charge a rechargeable device. A fully integrated regulator and a charge pump
A very low-power CMOS mixed-signal IC for implantable pacemaker applications
IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2004
Low power consumption is crucial for medical implant devices. A single-chip, very-low-power interface IC used in implantable pacemaker systems is presented. It contains amplifiers, filters, ADCs, battery management system, voltage multipliers, high voltage pulse generators, programmable logic and timing control. A few circuit techniques are proposed to achieve nanopower circuit operations within submicron CMOS process. Subthreshold transistor designs and switched-capacitor circuits are widely used. The 200 k transistor IC occupies 49 mm 2 , is fabricated in a 0.5-m two-poly three-metal multi-process, and consumes 8 W.
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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2000
Implanted sensors offer many advantages to study and monitor the human body. Wires or batteries often compromise their usefulness. We describe a telemetry chip that by inductive coupling supplies power to and transmits digital data from an implantable sensor. The same two coils are used to transmit both power and data. The chip fabricated in 0.5-m CMOS technology supplies 1.7 mA at 3.3 V, over a distance up to 25 mm between coils. Experiments emulating the effect of human tissue by introducing water bearing colloids between the two coils revealed a negligible loss of transfer efficiency. With modified Miller encoding, the data link attained 3 10 5 bit error rate at 10 kbps transmission speed over 25 mm distance. Repeated tests using the same colloids between coils resulted in a slight decrease in the signal to noise ratio of the data stream with increasing thickness.
Development of power recovery circuit for bio-implantable stimulator
pertanika journal of science and technology, 2017
This paper presents a modified design of low power recovery circuit in micro-system implanted device to stimulate the human nerve and muscle. The amplitude shift keying ASK was used to modulate data by using operating frequency 6.78MHz ISM industrial scientific medical band to be less invasive to tissue. The proposed system consists of an external part which has ASK modulator and class-E power amplifier with 94.5% efficiency. The internal part has half wave rectifier and voltage regulator to generate very stable 1.8VDC using 0.35um CMOS technology. The Orcad pspice 16.6 and MULTISIM 11 software were used to simulate the design of power recovery and class-E power amplifier respectively. The regulated voltage utilised to power the sub-electronic device implanted inside human body with very stable voltage even change implanted load resistance. The proposed system has 12.5%modulation index and low power consumption.
Efficient Low-Power Recovery Circuits for Bio-implanted Micro- Sensors
Przegląd zachodni
This paper presents a modified sub-electronic circuit with low-power recovery circuits to be implemented in implanted micro-sensor used to stimulate the human and animals’ nerves and muscles. The system based on ASK modulation techniques operated with 13.56 MHz according to industrial, scientific, medical (ISM). The modulation index is 12.6% to achieve minimum power consumption to avoid the tissue heating. The system consists of external part with modified class-E power amplifier efficiency 87.2%, and internal part consists of a voltage doubling rectifier with selfthreshold cancellation and efficient low-dropout voltage regulator based on series NMOST transistor using 0.35 μm technology to offer very stable 1.8 DC V. The produced voltage used to power the sub-electronic implanted device with steady voltage even in any changing with the implanted load resistance. The mathematical model is given. The design is simulated using OrCAD PSpice 16.2 software tools and for real-time simulati...
2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Bioinformatics & Bioengineering (BIBE), 2012
The objective of the IcyHeart project is to investigate and demonstrate a highly integrated and power-efficient microelectronic solution for remote monitoring of a subject's electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. A complete System-on-a-Chip (SoC) is being developed that embarks on a single chip an ultralow-power signal acquisition front-end with analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) for ECG, a low-power digital signal processor (DSP) and a low-energy radio frequency (RF) transceiver. These features, for the first time, coexist on a single die. Energy efficient signal processing algorithms targeting ECG, and expandable to other bio-signals, are embedded and run on the on-chip DSP. The final IcyHeart product will consist of a tiny PCB embarking IcyHeart SoC and all the necessary discrete components and powering circuit. The outcome of the project is expected to generate high market value for the European SMEs developing novel cardio-monitoring products in home and professional environments, and to create high societal impact for several categories of European citizens requiring miniature, comfortable and easy-to-use wireless tele-healthcare solutions.
Ultra-low-power electronics for non-invasive medical monitoring
2009
New electronics for non-invasive medical monitoring promise low-cost, maintenance-free, and lightweight devices. These devices are critical in long-term medical measurements and in home-based tele-monitoring services, which are extremely important for the reduction of health care costs. Here, we present several methods for reducing power consumption while retaining precision. In particular, we focus on the monitoring of the heart-because of its importance-and we describe a micropower electrocardiograph, an ultra-low-power pulse oximeter, an ultra-low-power phonocardiograph, an integratedcircuit switched-capacitor model of the heart, and a low-power RF-antenna-powered CMOS rectifier for energy harvesting. We also introduce an ultra-low-power platform for medical monitoring that enables the integration of monitoring circuitry in a wireless, low-cost, and battery-free device, and describe a method for audio localization of the device in case of a medical alarm.
Design of Analog CMOS Circuits for Batteryless Implantable Telemetry Systems
A wireless biomedical telemetry system is a device that collects biomedical signal measurements and transmits data through wireless RF communication. Testing medical treatments often involves experimentation on small laboratory animals, such as genetically modified mice and rats. Using batteries as a power source results in many practical issues, such as increased size of the implant and limited operating lifetime. Wireless power harvesting for implantable biomedical devices removes the need for batteries integrated into the implant. This will reduce device size and remove the need for surgical replacement due to battery depletion. Resonant inductive coupling achieves wireless power transfer in a manner modelled by a step down transformer.