Zmpb Gene in Streptococcus Pneumoniae Causing Meningitis (original) (raw)
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Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice, 2019
Background: Maternal rectovaginal colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) is a main risk factor for vertical transmission of GBS to newborns and life-threatening neonatal invasive diseases. The aim of this study was investigation of the prevalence of anorectal and vaginal colonization with GBS in late of pregnancy by culture-based and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the GBS isolates in Rasht, Iran. Methods: We analyzed 245 anorectal and vaginal swab samples separately from pregnant women at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation. All samples were cultured after enrichment in a selective Todd-Hewitt broth and then assayed by phenotypic characterizations and PCR method for cfb conserved gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Results: In total of 245 vaginal samples, 19 (7.8%) were positive based on culture method and 28 (11.4%) by PCR method. Among 245 rectal samples, 24 (9.8%) were positive by culture and 29 (11.8%) samples were positive by PCR. Of 245 pregnant women studied were found to have 9.7% GBS rectovaginal by culture and 15.9% by PCR methods. All GBS isolates were sensitive to ampicillin (77.2%) and vancomycin (72.2%) and were resistant to Penicillin (88.6%), ceftriaxone (75%), clindamycin (95.4%), azithromycin (86.3%), tetracycline (61.3%), erythromycin (47.7%), and levofloxacin (27.2%). Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the frequency of GBS isolation from rectal samples was higher than vaginal samples by both culture and PCR. Our study recommended intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against GBS infections based on ampicillin or vancomycin for GBS carriers in Rasht.
BMC Research Notes, 2015
Background: Vaginal colonization with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the predominant risk factor for the development of invasive neonatal GBS diseases and puts newborns at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed to determine the colonization rate and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of group B Streptococcus among pregnant women. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2014 at selected health facilities. A total of 139 antenatal clinics attendees, proportionally allocated, were recruited consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Vaginal swabs were collected and cultured on Todd Hewitt broth and in 5 % sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi square test. Results: Among the 139, 19 (13.7 %) were positive for GBS. All the GBS isolates were susceptible (100 %) to penicillin G, vancomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin and gentamicin. Two of the GBS isolates showed multidrug resistance against norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. No statistically significant difference was observed for GBS colonization with any independent variables. Conclusion: Vaginal colonization of GBS for the present study put emphasis on further investigation and accomplishment of routine GBS screening practices. The recovery of resistant strains to antimicrobial agents recommended in cases of penicillin allergic mothers indicates the importance of susceptibility test.
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2015
Background. Infections are a frequent and significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal units. The bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility patterns should be monitored in hospital settings. The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of the bacterial agents and their antibiotic resistant and susceptibility patterns in the Special Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU). Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of results of microbiologically tested samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, stool, eye excretions, external ear swabs, nasopharyngeal swabs and skin swabs) taken from newborns hospitalized in one SNCU in Warsaw (Poland) was conducted. The period analyzed was from July 1 st , 2010 to December 31 st , 2010. Results. A total of 838 cultured samples were collected in the period analyzed. Three hundred seventy three of them (44.5%) were positive. The majority of the cultured microorganisms were classified as colonization: 338/373 (91%) strains. Gram negative bacteria were predominant colonizing flora: 227/338 (67%) strains. Gram positive bacteria were predominant causative agents in newborns with infections: 26/35 (74%) strains. 57.9% of Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. 100% of Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to amikacin and netilmicin. Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant strains were cultured in 2.7% of cases. Conclusions. Gram negative species continue to be predominant agents of neonatal colonizing flora while gram positive bacteria remain important causative agents for symptomatic infections. Continuous monitoring of bacterial flora and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern is necessary to provide a successful antibiotic policy. Current results may be used for future national and international comparison (Adv Clin Exp Med 2015, 24, 1, 15-22).
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials
Background: Maternal Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) colonization rates and its antibiotic resistance patterns provide important information useful in guiding prevention strategies. There is a paucity of evidence about GBS in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Objective: To determine colonization prevalence, associated risk factors, and antibiotics resistance including inducible clindamycin resistance patterns of GBS among Ethiopian pregnant women. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st December 2016 to 30th November 2017 at the University of Gondar Referral hospital delivery ward. Combined recto-vaginal swabs were collected from 385 pregnant women and analyzed at the University of Gondar Bacteriology Laboratory by using LIM broth and 5% defibrinated sheep blood agar culture methods. Isolates were identified by using colony morphology, gram reaction, hemolysis, and CAMP test. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done using the disc diffusion method. Double disc diffusion method was used to identify inducible clindamycin resistance isolates. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of maternal GBS colonization was 25.5% (95% CI 21-29.5%). Experiencing meconium stained amniotic fluid (AOR = 3.018, 95% CI 1.225, 7.437), and longer duration of premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 1.897, 95% CI 1.014, 3.417) were statistically significant to maternal colonization. Furthermore, GBS resistant to 0 (8.2%), 1 (25.5%) and 3 (39.8%) or more antibiotics were identified. A D-test showed 15.2% inducible clindamycin resistant GBS. Constitutive macrolide lincosamide-streptogramin B , Land nd M-phenotypes were also detected. Conclusions: Maternal GBS colonization rate in this study was higher compared to the previous reports in Ethiopia. This much prevalence and antibiotics resistance results are the clue to which attention shall be given to this bacterium during management of pregnant women and the newborns.
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Background: Globally, about 10-30% of the pregnant women were colonized with Group B Streptococcus in the genitourinary tract and 60% of their neonates were acquiring the infection during labor and delivery process. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 329 pregnant women at 35th-37th gestational weeks from June 06-2022 to July 22-2022 at selected health institutions, in Hawassa, Ethiopia. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by using a structured questionnaire. Group B Streptococcus was isolated from vagino-rectal swabs by using standard method recommended by Center of Disease Control and Prevention and an antibiotic susceptibility test was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 25.0. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out and variables with p < 0.25 were selected for multivariate logistic regressions, p < 0.05 were accepted as statistically signi cant. Results: The prevalence of Group B Streptococcus colonization among pregnant women at 35th-37th gestational weeks was 48/326 (14.7%; 95%CI: 10.8-18.5). The isolates that were developed resistance to Penicillin (2.1%), Ampicillin (4.2%), Erythromycin (8.3%), and Clindamycin (12.5%). Vancomycin showed (100%) sensitivity. Maternal GBS colonization were signi cantly associated with rural dwellers (AOR = 2.29 (95%CI = 1.17-5.32), p = 0.032) and who had one time ANC visit (AOR = 2.49 (95% CI = 1.07-4.93), p = 0.018). Conclusion: There was a high frequency of GBS colonization, relatively low resistance to commonly used antibiotics, and signi cant association of maternal GBS colonization with rural dwellers and one time antenatal visit which suggests the screening of GBS colonization in pregnant women at 35th-37th weeks of gestation, testing their antimicrobial susceptibilities and encouraging antenatal fellow especially in rural dwellers in order to reduce maternal GBS colonization, provide antibiotic prophylaxis and minimize newborn infection and co-morbidity.
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology, 2022
Background. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality by increasing intrauterine infection or vertical transmission at the time of birth. Despite many e orts to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission, GBS remains the main cause of serious disease (neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and/or pneumonia) in vulnerable newborns during the rst week of life. is study aimed to assess vertical transmission, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of GBS among pregnant women and their neonates. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers and their neonates from February to May 2021. A total of 201 pregnant women with their neonates participated in this study. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. A vaginal swab from mother before delivery and neonatal nasal and ear canal swab samples were taken as soon as after delivery within 30 minutes. Vaginal swabs, neonatal ear canal, and nasal swabs were placed into Todd-Hewitt broth and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours at 35-37°C in 5% CO 2 conditions and then subcultured on 5% sheep blood agar for 18-48 hours. Presumptive identi cation of GBS was made by morphology, Gram stain, catalase, and hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar plates. CAMP and bacitracin susceptibility tests were used as con rmatory tests for GBS. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically signi cant. Results. Vertical transmission rates of GBS (mother to neonates) were 11.9%. e prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns was 24/201 (11.9%) (95% CI 7.5-16.9) and 11/201 (5.5%) (95% CI 2.5-9.0), respectively. e history of prolonged rupture of membranes (AOR 3.5, CI 2.2-18.8) and urinary tract infection (AOR 2.9, CI 1.7-16.3) were associated factors for maternal GBS colonization. Gestational age of <37 weeks (p 0.008), low birth weight of <2.5 kg (p 0.001), and maternal history of vaginal discharge (p 0.048) were associated factors for neonatal GBS colonization. Low antibiotic resistance was observed for erythromycin 8.6%, clindamycin 5.7%, and chloramphenicol 2.9%. Conclusion. In this study, high vertical transmission (mother to neonates) rate was observed. e prevalence of vaginal GBS colonization of women at delivery was 11.9% and signi cantly associated with the history of prolonged rupture of membranes and urinary tract infections. Gestational age of <37 weeks, low birth weight of <2.5 kg, and maternal history of vaginal discharge were associated with neonatal GBS colonization. Hence, there is a need for antenatal culture-based GBS screening, risk factor-based interventions, and regular follow-up of drug resistance patterns for proper treatment and management of GBS.
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2014
This study was performed to determine the incidence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women in Nsukka, Enugu State. From January 2010 to July 2011, vaginal swab and rectal swab samples were obtained from 200 pregnant women of gestational age from 24 to 37 weeks that were attending antenatal clinic at Bishop Shanahan Memorial Hospital and Nsukka District Hospital. Vaginal and rectal cultures for the isolation and identification of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) were carried out according to standard microbiological methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method was employed to determine antibiograms of GBS isolates. Samples were also obtained from 200 non-pregnant women. The carriage rate of GBS among pregnant women was 18.00%, while in non-pregnant women it was 5.5%. Statistical analyses proved the difference to be significant (P<0.05). A total of 58 GBS isolates were used for in vitro susceptibility test to ampicillin and cloxacillin, amoxycillin, cefuroxine, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, Pefloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim and gentamycin. No resistance to Ampicillin and Cloxacillin, amoxycillin, cefuroxine and ceftriaxone was found. Of the isolates examined, 6.
Background: Maternal genitourinary tract colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) is a predominant risk factor for the development of earlyonset disease in neonates and puts newborns at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility profile and associated factors of group B streptococcus among pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2022 at selected health facilities in Hawassa, Ethiopia. A total of 329 antenatal clinics attendees, proportionally allocated were recruited consecutively. Three were excluded because of their antibiotic uptake in the last two weeks of the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Vagino-rectal swabs were collected and cultured in Todd Hewitt broth and on 5% sheep blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression test. Results: Among the 326, 48 (14.7%) were positive for GBS. The GBS isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%) and resistant to penicillin (2.1%), ampicillin (4.2%), erythromycin (8.3%) and clindamycin (12.5%). Maternal GBS colonization was significantly associated with rural residence (AOR = 2.29 (95%CI = 1.17-5.32), p = 0.032) and with a single antenatal visit (AOR = 2.49 (95% CI = 1.07-4.93), p = 0.018). Conclusion: The high frequency of vagino-rectal GBS colonization, resistance to the commonly used antibiotics and association with rural residence and a single antenatal visit for present study put emphasis on further investigation and accomplishment of routine GBS screening practices.
Background and aim: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as a leading cause of illness and death among neonates. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of recto-vaginal carriage of GBS among pregnant women at 35-37 weeks, gestation, to describe GBS antimicrobial susceptibility profile and to investigate selected virulence genes by PCR. Subjects and methods: Two-hundred pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinic at Al-Shatby University Hospital were enrolled in the study. Both vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from each subject. Swabs were inoculated onto CHROMagar TM StrepB and sheep blood agar plates. All GBS isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion. Disc approximation test was performed to detect erythromycin resistance phenotype (MLSB). GBS virulence genes scpB, bac, bca, and rib were identified by PCR. Results: Among the 200 pregnant women, 53 (26.5%) were identified as GBS carriers. All carriers had vaginal colonization (100%), four (7.5%) had combined recto-vaginal colonization. None of the carriers had rectal colonization alone. All isolates (100%) were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, vancomycin, and linezolid. On the other hand, 43.4%, 28.3%, 22.6%, and 15% of isolates were resistant to levofloxacin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin respectively. Out of 12 erythromycin resistant isolates, six isolates had constitutive while two had inducible MLSB resistance. scpB was identified in 100%, rib in 79.2%, and bac in 35.8% of GBS isolates. None of the isolates possessed the bca gene. Conclusion: Introduction of GBS screening in Egyptian pregnant women is recommended. Penicillin or ampicillin is still the antibiotic of choice for intrapartum prophylaxis.