A Comprehensive Survey of Page Replacement Algorithms (original) (raw)
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A Comparison of Page Replacement Algorithms
ijetch.org
A virtual memory system needs efficient page replacement algorithms to decide which pages to evict from memory in case of a page fault. Over the years many algorithms have been proposed for page replacement. Each algorithm attempts to minimize the page fault rate while incurring minimum overhead. As newer memory access patterns were explored, research mainly focused on formulating newer approaches to page replacement which could adapt to changing workloads. This paper attempts to summarize major page replacement algorithms proposed till date. We look at the traditional algorithms such as LRU and CLOCK, and also study the recent approaches such as LIRS, CLOCK-Pro, ARC, and CAR.
A New Method to Enhance LRU Page Replacement Algorithm Performance
2020
In modern operating systems, the essential goal of the main memory management is to allow multiprogramming. To achieve this goal, virtual memory and paging scheme are used. The virtual memory needs a powerful page replacement algorithm to decide which page to swap out from the memory when a page fault occurs and the main memory is full. Many algorithms are proposed over the years. These algorithms aim to incur minimum software and hardware overhead. One of the well-known replacement algorithms is the Least Recently Used algorithm (LRU). The LRU has been considered as a common and successful policy. However, it imposes significant time overhead when executed. This paper proposes a novel approximation to the LRU. The new approach will use the counter technique to implement the LRU, but this counter will be evaluated based on extended Not Recently Used (NRU) m-bits orientation. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated and compared to the LRU for different workloads. The evaluation sho...
A Comparison of Three Page Replacement Algorithms: FIFO, LRU and Optimal
Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2015
The speed at which the process will be executed doesn't depend only on the implementation of the architecture of the computer, the frequency of the clock, but also regard to the politics the algorithm follows and the data structure the algorithm is implemented. The usage of efficient page replacement algorithms, that choose which page in memory will be swapped if a page fault, are required to implement in a virtual memory system. A lot of algorithms are developed during the years for page replacement. Each algorithm has the aim to have less number of page faults. With less page faults we have an improvement in performance and the speed of the process is increased. In this paper three algorithms (FIFO, LRU and Optimal page replacement algorithms) will be tested and will be shown the one that has the best performance.
Analysis of Various Page Replacement Algorithms in Operating System
2015
Page replacement algorithms were a sincere topic of research and debate in the 1960s and 1970s. In a computer operating system that uses paging for virtual memory management, page replacement algorithms resolve which memory pages to page out (swap out, write to disk) when a page of memory needs to be allocated. Paging occurs when a page fault occurs and a free page cannot be used to gratify the allocation, either because there are none, or because the number of free pages i lower than some threshold. The page replacing problem is a typical online problem from the competitive analysis view in the intelligence that the optimal deterministic algorithm is known [11]. This paper is analysis on various page replacement algorithms like Optimal replacement, Random replacement,
A Working-set Sensitive Page Replacement Policy for PCM-based Swap Systems
JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science, 2017
Due to the recent advances in Phage-Change Memory (PCM) technologies, a new memory hierarchy of computer systems with PCM is expected to appear. In this paper, we present a new page replacement policy that adopts PCM as a high speed swap device. As PCM has limited write endurance, our goal is to minimize the amount of data written to PCM. To do so, we defer the eviction of dirty pages in proportion to their dirtiness. However, excessive preservation of dirty pages in memory may deteriorate the page fault rate, especially when the memory capacity is not enough to accommodate full working-set pages. Thus, our policy monitors the current working-set size of the system, and controls the deferring level of dirty pages not to degrade the system performances. Simulation experiments show that the proposed policy reduces the write traffic to PCM by 160% without performance degradations.
IJRASET, 2021
Operating system offers a service known as memory management which manages and guides primary memory. It moves processes between disk and main memory during the execution back and forth. The process in which we provisionally moves process from primary memory to the hard disk so the memory is available for other processes. This process is known as swapping. Page replacement techniques are the methods by which the operating system concludes which memory pages to be swapped out and write to disk, whenever a page of main memory is required to be allocated. There are different policies regarding how to select a page to be swapped out when a page fault occurs to create space for new page. These Policies are called page replacement algorithms. In this paper the strategy for identifying the refresh rate for 'Aging' page replacement algorithm is presented and evaluated.
Histogram based Analysis of Page Replacement Techniques
International Journal
Modern operating systems use virtual memory concept because of its advantages but they use different page replacement techniques .An efficient page replacement technique is required so as to produce minimum number of page faults. Some of the page replacement techniques are FIFO, LRU, OPTIMAL etc.Optimal has been proven to be best producing minimum number of page faults .LRU approximates optimal. Considerable research has been done to evaluate theses policies and to develop new ones based on recency, frequency, token, and locality model parameters etc.This paper uses a histogram based approach to compare FIFO, LRU, LRU2, OPTIMAL policies. Simulation results show that histograms for all policies equalize as the number of frames increases. Also histogram for optimal policy equalizes more rapidly then other policy's histograms. Also pages of large frequency of occurrences contribute much to the total number of page faults in both LRU and optimal page replacement algorithms.
Page replacement algorithm using swap-in history for remote memory paging
2009 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing, 2009
The Distributed Large Memory system, DLM, was designed to provide a larger size of memory beyond that of local physical memory by using remote memory distributed over cluster nodes. The original DLM adopted a low cost page replacement algorithm which selects an evicted page in address order. In the DLM, the remote page swapping is the most critical in performance. For more efficient swap-out page selection, we propose a new page replacement algorithm which pays attention to swap-in history. The LRU and other algorithms which use the memory access history generate more overhead for user-level software to record memory accesses. On the other hand, using swap-in history generates little costs. According to our performance evaluation, the new algorithm reduces the number of the remote swapping in the maximum by 32% and gains 2.7 times higher performance in real application, Cluster3.0. In this paper, we describe the design of the new page replacement algorithm and evaluate performances in several applications, including NPB and HimenoBmk.
Reducing Minor Page Fault Overheads through Enhanced Page Walker
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization
Application virtual memory footprints are growing rapidly in all systems from servers down to smartphones. To address this growing demand, system integrators are incorporating ever larger amounts of main memory, warranting rethinking of memory management. In current systems, applications produce page fault exceptions whenever they access virtual memory regions that are not backed by a physical page. As application memory footprints grow, they induce more and more minor page faults. Handling of each minor page fault can take a few thousands of CPU cycles and blocks the application till the OS kernel finds a free physical frame. These page faults can be detrimental to the performance when their frequency of occurrence is high and spread across application runtime. Specifically, lazy allocation-induced minor page faults are increasingly impacting application performance. Our evaluation of several workloads indicates an overhead due to minor page faults as high as 29% of execution time....
A page-swapping prototype for VM/HPO
IBM Systems Journal, 2000
measurements, which are then contrasted to measurements without the enhancements. Some things learned in running the prototype are discussed and conclusions drawn.