Drosera solaris (Droseraceae),a new sundew from the Guayana High lands (original) (raw)
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Carnivorous plants often live in wet or seasonally humid, well-exposed habitats with nutrient-poor soils, and are capable of attracting, trapping, and digesting animal prey, mostly insects, as well as absorbing the results of digestion (GIVNISH et al. 1984, BENZING 1987, JUNIPER et al. 1989). Nitrogen and phosphorous are the most significant nutrients absorbed by carnivorous plants from their digested prey (PATE & DIXON 1978). The genus Drosera L., commonly known as sundews, includes approximately 200 mostly perennial species found in temperate and tropical regions, with the main centre of diversity in the Southern Hemisphere (MCPHERSON 2010). Although several species are widespread, there is a high degree of endemism. Nearly 30 taxa are known to occur in South
A new and endemic species of Drosera (Droseraceae) from Madagascar
Plant Ecology and Evolution
Background and aims – This study is part of an ongoing revision of the world Drosera species. During herbarium revisions of Drosera from Madagascar, a new species was identified and is here described.Methods – The species’ morphology is described based on herbarium studies and observation of living plants in situ, and ecological notes from field observations are provided. The species is compared and contextualized within the current subgeneric classification of Drosera.Key results – The new species, Drosera arachnoides, is recognized as most closely related to another Malagasy-endemic, D. humbertii, from which it is morphologically and ecologically distinct. The new species is placed within D. subg. Drosera sect. Ptycnostigma. Based on the restricted occurrence, the species is assessed as Vulnerable, following IUCN categories and criteria. A key to the Drosera species from Madagascar is provided.Conclusion – Drosera arachnoides is the second endemic Drosera species in Madagascar and...
The Drosera species endemic to the central and northern Andes are revised here, including three species: the Venezuelan D. cendeensis as well as D. peruensis and D. condor sp. nov., from Peru and Ecuador. The latter is a new species endemic to the Cordillera del Cóndor that is here described and illustrated for the first time. The similarities and differences between these three taxa are discussed and the previously poorly known D. cendeensis and D. peruensis are provided with amended descriptions, illustrations and photographs. New records expand the known distribution range of D. peruensis through the sub-Andean cordilleras in Peru and Ecuador.
Annals of Botany, 2012
† Background and aims South America and Oceania possess numerous floristic similarities, often confirmed by morphological and molecular data. The carnivorous Drosera meristocaulis (Droseraceae), endemic to the Neblina highlands of northern South America, was known to share morphological characters with the pygmy sundews of Drosera sect. Bryastrum, which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. The inclusion of D. meristocaulis in a molecular phylogenetic analysis may clarify its systematic position and offer an opportunity to investigate character evolution in Droseraceae and phylogeographic patterns between South America and Oceania. † Methods Drosera meristocaulis was included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Droseraceae, using nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid rbcL and rps16 sequence data. Pollen of D. meristocaulis was studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques, and the karyotype was inferred from root tip meristem. † Key Results The phylogenetic inferences (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches) substantiate with high statistical support the inclusion of sect. Meristocaulis and its single species, D. meristocaulis, within the Australian Drosera clade, sister to a group comprising species of sect. Bryastrum. A chromosome number of 2n ¼ approx. 32-36 supports the phylogenetic position within the Australian clade. The undivided styles, conspicuous large setuous stipules, a cryptocotylar (hypogaeous) germination pattern and pollen tetrads with aperture of intermediate type 7-8 are key morphological traits shared between D. meristocaulis and pygmy sundews of sect. Bryastrum from Australia and New Zealand. † Conclusions The multidisciplinary approach adopted in this study (using morphological, palynological, cytotaxonomic and molecular phylogenetic data) enabled us to elucidate the relationships of the thus far unplaced taxon D. meristocaulis. Long-distance dispersal between southwestern Oceania and northern South America is the most likely scenario to explain the phylogeographic pattern revealed.
A new species of Dipsas (Squamata: Colubridae) from Guyana
Revista De Biologia Tropical, 2014
A new species of Dipsas is described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The new species is characterised by 15 dorsal scale rows with the middorsal row slightly enlarged, four pairs of chinshields with the first pair elongate, elongate loreal entering orbit, one preocular, six upper labials, and head narrow anteriorly, increasing in width posteriorly. It could not be determined to which of Peters' (1960) species groups the new species belongs. The new species is known only from 1490 m elevation on Mount Ayanganna, a tepui in the Guiana Shield, where it was found in high-tepui low-canopy habitat, in bromeliads or branches. This is the first record of Dipsas as a member of the Guiana Shield high-tepui herpetofauna.
TAXON
The Drosera omissa/D. nitidula complex is revised. Drosera omissa is reinstated and found to be conspecific with D. ericksoniae, which is reduced to synonymy. The taxon corresponding to the type of D. nitidula is determined and D. allantostigma and D. leucostigma are elevated from subspecific to specific rank. Drosera patens (known previously as D. nitidula subsp. 'omissa' and D. nitidula 'var. ?') is described as a new species. All five species are compared morphologically, described and illustrated. Cytological investigation found all species to have chromosome numbers of n = 14 and 2n = 28, suggesting a base number of x = 7 for the complex.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Vahl is a native carnivorous plant from tropical and subtropical Asia to the West Pacific, including Flores Island. During the botanical survey, a small population of the species was found in a limited area in the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, Flores Island. Conservation of the species is necessary, since the habitat might be developed for the botanic gardens infrastructure. This research aims to study the autecology of D. burmanni, including environmental preferences and its associated species. Thirty plots with 2 x 2 m each were made to recognize its associated species and the pattern of its population distribution and its soil requirements. In the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, D. burmanni flourishes with an average annual rainfall of 1835 mm; a temperature of 12.5 0-26.2° C; 48-99% humidity; at an altitude of 1489-1491 m asl.; a soil pH of 6.66, which contains very high C-organic, a high C/N ratio, moderate N total, K2O, P2O5, low CEC, and very low K, Na, Ca, Mg, and BS. Drosera burmanni displays a density of 8.5 individuals per m 2 and is associated with 20 species, which belong to 19 genera and 9 families. The species has a clustering pattern and a positive association with Erigeron sumatrensis, Spinifex littoreus, and Imperata cylindrica. To conserve D. burmanni in the Wolobobo Botanic Gardens, it is necessary to designate its natural habitat as an in situ conservation area.