A Novel Way of Integrating Rule-Based Knowledge into a Web Ontology Language Framework (original) (raw)
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Rules and ontologies for the semantic Web
2008
Rules and ontologies play a key role in the layered architecture of the Semantic Web, as they are used to ascribe meaning to, and to reason about, data on the Web. While the Ontology Layer of the Semantic Web is quite developed, and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a W3C recommendation since a couple of years already, the rules layer is far less developed and an active area of research; a number of initiatives and proposals have been made so far, but no standard as been released yet. Many implementations of rule engines are around which deal with Semantic Web data in one or another way. This article gives a comprehensive, although not exhaustive, overview of such systems, describes their supported languages, and sets them in relation with theoretical approaches for combining rules and ontologies as foreseen in the Semantic Web architecture. In the course of this, we identify desired properties and common features of rule languages and evaluate existing systems against their support. Furthermore, we review technical problems underlying the integration of rules and ontologies, and classify representative proposals for theoretical integration approaches into different categories.
WORL: A Web Ontology Rule Language
2011
We develop a Web ontology rule language, called WORL, which combines a variant of OWL 2 RL with eDatalog-with-negation. We disallow the features of OWL 2 RL that play the role of constraints (i.e., the ones that are translated to negative clauses), but allow additional features like negation, the minimal number restriction and unary external checkable predicates to occur in the left hand side of concept inclusion axioms. Some restrictions are adopted to guarantee a translation into eDatalog-with-negation. We also develop the well-founded semantics for WORL and the standard semantics for stratified WORL (SWORL) via translation into eDatalog-with-negation. Both WORL and SWORL have PTime data complexity. In contrast to the existing combined formalisms, in WORL and SWORL negation in concept inclusion axioms is interpreted using nonmonotonic semantics.
Ontology as a Source for Rule Generation
ArXiv, 2014
This paper discloses the potential of OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontologies for generation of rules. The main purpose of this paper is to identify new types of rules, which may be generated from OWL ontologies. Rules, generated from OWL ontologies, are necessary for the functioning of the Semantic Web Expert System. It is expected that the Semantic Web Expert System (SWES) will be able to process ontologies from the Web with the purpose to supplement or even to develop its knowledge base.
SWRL: A semantic web rule language combining OWL and RuleML
W3C Member …, 2004
This document contains a proposal for a Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) based on a combination of the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of the OWL Web Ontology Language with the Unary/Binary Datalog RuleML sublanguages of the Rule Markup Language. SWRL includes a high-level abstract syntax for Horn-like rules in both the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of OWL. A model-theoretic semantics is given to provide the formal meaning for OWL ontologies including rules written in this abstract syntax. An XML syntax based on RuleML and the OWL XML Presentation Syntax as well as an RDF concrete syntax based on the OWL RDF/XML exchange syntax are also given, along with several examples.
Rule-based OWL Reasoning Systems: Implementations, Strengths and Weaknesses
2000
Rule-based OWL Reasoning 2 ABSTRACT This chapter is focused on the basic principles behind the utilization of rules in order to perform reasoning about the Web Ontology Language (OWL), a Description Logic-based language that is the W3C recommendation for creating and sharing ontologies in the Semantic Web. More precisely, we elaborate on the entailment-based OWL reasoning (EBOR) paradigm, which is based on the utilization of RDF/RDFS and OWL entailment rules that run on a rule engine, applying the formal semantics of the ontology language. To this end, seven EBOR systems are described and compared, analyzing the different approaches. Despite the closed rule environment, which comes in contrast with the open nature of the Semantic Web, and the fact that OWL semantics are partially mapped into rules, the rule-based OWL reasoning paradigm can give great potentials in the Semantic Web, enabling the utilization of rule engines on top of ontology information.
Rule languages and inference engines incorporate reasoning capabilities to Web information systems. This paper presents a modeldriven approach for the development of rule-based applications for the Web. The method is applied to ontology and rule specifications in OWL and SWRL, generating a rich, functional Web architecture based on the Model-View-Control architectural pattern and the JavaServer Faces technology, embedding a Jess rule engine for reasoning and inferencing new information. The proposal is described through an illustrative example. A tool supporting the ideas presented this paper has been developed.
A Unified Approach for OWL Ontologies
Due to the enormous growth of the volume of data and different structures, information systems are becoming increasingly complex. The Semantic Web aims to find, share and refine the information of current web more easily. The Semantic Web is a solution for representing the data in a machine understandable manner. Ontology is a powerful technology for representing the data in semantic web. Web Ontology Language (OWL) has been accepted as the knowledge representation standard by W3C. This paper proposes a unified and integrated framework, i.e., an Extended Hierarchical Censored Production Rules (EHCPRs) Framework for representing ontologies in Semantic Web, maintaining the knowledge treasures and doing reasoning over it. In addition, assuming that the framework is in place and is adopted, an algorithm is provided to convert the existing OWL ontologies into the EHCPRs Ontologies.The Protégé tool is used to create a trivial Vehicle Ontology and using the developed algorithm, it is converted into EHCPRs Ontology with no loss of information, i.e., preserving all the classes, their attributes and instances.
Reasoning with Rules and Ontologies
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006
For realizing the Semantic Web vision, extensive work is underway for getting the layers of its conceived architecture ready. Given that the Ontology Layer has reached a certain level of maturity with W3C recommendations such as RDF and the OWL Web Ontology Language, current interest focuses on the Rules Layer and its integration with the Ontology Layer. Several proposals have been made for solving this problem, which does not have a straightforward solution due to various obstacles. One of them is the fact that evaluation principles like the closed-world assumption, which is common in rule languages, are usually not adopted in ontologies. Furthermore, naively adding rules to ontologies raises undecidability issues. In this paper, after giving a brief overview about the current state of the Semantic-Web stack and its components, we will discuss nonmonotonic logic programs under the answer-set semantics as a possible formalism of choice for realizing the Rules Layer. We will briefly discuss open issues in combining rules and ontologies, and survey some existing proposals to facilitate reasoning with rules and ontologies. We will then focus on description-logic programs (or dl-programs, for short), which realize a transparent integration of rules and ontologies supported by existing reasoning engines, based on the answer-set semantics. We will further discuss a generalization of dlprograms, viz. HEX-programs, which offer access to different ontologies as well as higher-order language constructs.
Combining Rules and Ontologies . A survey
2005
We survey existing approaches to the problem of combining rule languages with ontology languages for the Semantic Web. The focus is on the languages based on logic and on the reasoning in such languages. The objective is to give a uniform view of the approaches, and to outline related research topics important for REWERSE. Keyword List ontologies, ontology languages, description logics, datalog, F-logic, non-monotonic reasoning Project co-funded by the European Commission and the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science within the Sixth Framework Programme.