Nanosilica Particulate Magnetic as Alternative Filler on Natural Rubber Composites with Human-Tissue-Like Mechanical Characteristic (original) (raw)
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Journal of Polymer Research, 2020
We investigated the effect of magnetically modified natural zeolite on the mechanical and damping properties of natural rubbernanosilica compounds. We used natural rubber SIR 20 technical specified rubber (TSR) reinforced with a nanosilica filler. The results showed that using zeolite modified with magnetite and titanate coupling agent (TCA), which are alternative coupling agents to replace silane coupling agents, and amorphous silica as the filler in natural rubber TSR SIR 20 compounds enhanced the mechanical properties of the TSR vulcanization products. The relationships among the crosslink density, mechanical properties and damping properties were also explored. We also identified that an improvement in the properties resulted from a modification of the white oil softener and filler comprising the zeolite-nanosilica-magnetic blends. The results of magnetically modified zeolite showed that the crosslink density, mechanical properties and damping properties increased significantly. The damping ratio in the sample comprising Si + Fe + Z with or without the white oil softener was higher than that of the other samples herein (ζ > 0.03). Based on this result, a reinforced nanosilica filler with magnetically modified zeolite has the potential to replace carbon black and is applicable to damping devices.
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2016
Nickelezinc ferrites as well as their nanocomposites formed by natural rubber are desirable because they take advantage of the thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties of each component. However, to date, the effect of the size, shape and concentration of the magnetic fillers on the magnetic properties of nanocomposite has not been studied in detail. In this report, we are presenting results about the influence of the geometric characteristic of fillers on the magnetic parameters of nanocomposites. Nickel ezinc ferrite nanopowders (NZF) with stoichiometry Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 were synthesized by a chemical route named the Modified Polyol Method (MPM) and magnetic nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations between 1 and 10 phr of ferrite nanopowders by thermal compression and hot pressing. From TEM images of ferrite nanopowders aggregates and primary particles in the nanometric scale were identified with aspect ratio different from 1 (r ¼ a/b ¼ 0.99, 0.55 and 0.43). From VSM measurements and particle size, the NZF may be classified as a ferrimagnetic material in a paramagnetic state and the saturation magnetization (M S) was equal to 36.4 emu/g. Performing VSM experiments with different degrees between the sample and the magnetic field, differences up to 9% were identified for the M S indicating a dependence of magnetic parameters on the concentration and shape of particles and aggregates. Magnetization versus time assays were carried out via VSM and two distinct relaxation times were achieved and associated with different populations of size and/or shape for the magnetic fillers. These results point to the possibility of modulation of the magnetic properties of vulcanized natural rubber composites by means of a suitable engineering process to control the concentration, size and shape of magnetic nanoparticles and agglomerates.
Natural rubber nanocomposite reinforced with nano silica
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2008
Inorganic nano fillers have demonstrated great potential to enhance the properties of natural rubber (NR). The present article reports the successful development of a NR nanocomposite reinforced with nano silica (SiO 2 ). Its dynamic mechanical properties, thermal aging resistance, and morphology are investigated. The results show that the SiO 2 nanoparticles are homogenously distributed throughout the NR matrix in a form of spherical nano-cluster with an average size of 80 nm when the SiO 2 content is 4 wt%. With the introduction of SiO 2 , the thermal resistance and the storage modulus of NR host significantly increase, and the activation energy of relaxation of the nanocomposite, compared to the raw NR, increases from 90.1 to 125.8 kJ/mol.
Polymers
The demand for multi-functional elastomers is increasing, as they offer a range of desirable properties such as reinforcement, mechanical stretchability, magnetic sensitivity, strain sensing, and energy harvesting capabilities. The excellent durability of these composites is the key factor behind their promising multi-functionality. In this study, various composites based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), clay minerals (MT-Clay), electrolyte iron particles (EIP), and their hybrids were used to fabricate these devices using silicone rubber as the elastomeric matrix. The mechanical performance of these composites was evaluated, with their compressive moduli, which was found to be 1.73 MPa for the control sample, 3.9 MPa for MWCNT composites at 3 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), 2.2 MPa for MT-Clay composites (8 phr), 3.2 MPa for EIP composites (80 phr), and 4.1 MPa for hybrid composites (80 phr). After evaluating the mechanical performance, the composites were assessed for ind...
Polymer Engineering & Science, 2013
Silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites containing precipitated silica (PS), montmorillonite (MMT) and PS/MMT hybrid fillers were prepared through melt-mixing technique. In the SR/PS/MMT nanocomposite, the hybrid filler weight ratio was increased progressively from 0.4 to 1.7 while keeping the MMT weight constant. The viscosity, cure characteristics and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were subsequently measured. The optimum cure time increased and the scorch time and rate of cure decreased. Furthermore, when the hybrid filler weight ratio was raised to its optimum, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, modulus at 100% and 300% elongation (M100 and M300), elongation at break, stored energy density at break and hardness of the nanocomposite improved. The stress-strain properties of the nanocomposite with the hybrid filler improved at high deformation in comparison with those containing the PS and MMT fillers. The MMT filler exfoliated in the SR/MMT nanocomposite but did not in the nanocomposites containing the hybrid filler. Notably, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite benefitted from the hybrid filler. This was due to the filler-filler and filler-rubber network formation in the rubber by the PS particles. Finally, effect of the PS, MMT and hybrid fillers on the energy loss or hysteresis of the rubber was measured.
Magnetic composites based on natural rubber prepared by using peroxide and sulfur curing system
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2014
In this work, rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of strontium ferrite into elastomeric matrix based on natural rubber. Cross-linking of the rubber matrix was performed by using sulfur and peroxide curing system. The study was aimed at the investigation of the type of curing system and magnetic filler content on curing process and cross-link density of prepared materials. Then, the influence of both factors on physical-mechanical and magnetic properties was observed. The obtained results demonstrate that sulfur-cured composites show better physical-mechanical properties, especially at lower content of strontium ferrite. With increasing amount of ferrite, the differences between the characteristics of both types of composites became less visible, while peroxide-cured sample with maximum ferrite content showed superior tensile strength in comparison with tensile strength of maximally filled sample cured with sulfur system. The obtained results demonstrate better compatibility between the rubber and the filler when peroxide system was introduced for cross-linking of the rubber matrix.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2016
Rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of unmodified and surface modified strontium ferrite into rubber matrices based on NBR and NBR/PVC. Strontium ferrite was dosed to the rubber matrices in concentration scale ranging from 0 to 100 phr. The main goal was to investigate the influence of the type of ferrite on the curing process, physical-mechanical and magnetic properties of composites. The mutual interactions between the filler and rubber matrices were investigated by determination of cross-link density and SEM analysis. The incorporation of magnetic fillers leads to the increase of cross-link density and remanent magnetic induction of composites. Moreover, the improvement of physical-mechanical properties was achieved in dependence on the content of magnetic fillers. Surface modification of ferrite contributed to the enhancement of adhesion on the interphase filler-rubber. It can be stated that ferrite exhibits reinforcing effect in the composite materials and...
Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: A Review
Nanomaterials
This paper reviews studies carried out on natural rubber filled with nanofillers such as spherical silica particles (generated by the sol gel reaction), clays and carbon nanostructures. It is shown that the mechanical response of NR is influenced by several parameters including the processing conditions, the state of filler dispersion, the polymer-filler interactions and the filler morphological aspects. Even if the sol gel process conducted in vulcanized rubber yields almost ideal dispersions, rod-shaped particles such as clay, carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes are by far more efficient in terms of mechanical reinforcement on account of their anisotropic character and their ability to orientate in the direction of stretch. The efficiency of layered fillers such as clays or graphitic structures clearly depends on the way they are dispersed (exfoliated) in the rubber. Complete exfoliation still remains difficult to achieve which limits the tremendous nanoreinforcement expected from a...
Reinforcement of Natural Rubber with Silanized Precipitated Silica Nanofiller
Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 2005
The effect of a large amount of precipitated amorphous white silica nanofiller, pre-treated with bis[3-triethoxysilylpropyl-)tetrasulfide (TESPT), on the mechanical properties of a sulfur-cured natural rubber (NR) was studied. TESPT chemically adheres silica to rubber and also prevents silica from interfering with the reaction mechanism of sulfur-cure. The silica particles were fully dispersed in the rubber, which was cured primarily by using sulfur in TESPT, or, by adding a small amount of elemental sulfur to the cure system. The cure was also optimized by incorporating sulphenamide accelerator and zinc oxide into the rubber. The hardness, tear strength, tensile strength, and stored energy density at break of the vulcanizate were substantially improved when the filler was added. Interestingly, these properties were also enhanced when the rubber was cured primarily by using sulfur in TESPT.