Mechanical Properties of Five Esthetic Ceramic Materials Used for Monolithic Restorations: A Comparative In Vitro Study (original) (raw)
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An engineering perspective of ceramics applied in dental reconstructions
Journal of Applied Oral Science
An engineering perspective of ceramics applied in dental reconstructions The demands for dental materials continue to grow, driven by the desire to reach a better performance than currently achieved by the available materials. In the dental restorative ceramic field, the structures evolved from the metalceramic systems to highly translucent multilayered zirconia, aiming not only for tailored mechanical properties but also for the aesthetics to mimic natural teeth. Ceramics are widely used in prosthetic dentistry due to their attractive clinical properties, including high strength, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and a good combination of optical properties. Metal-ceramics type has always been the golden standard of dental reconstruction. However, this system lacks aesthetic aspects. For this reason, efforts are made to develop materials that met both the mechanical features necessary for the safe performance of the restoration as well as the aesthetic aspects, aiming for a beautiful smile. In this field, glass and high-strength core ceramics have been highly investigated for applications in dental restoration due to their excellent combination of mechanical properties and translucency. However, since these are recent materials when compared with the metal-ceramic system, many studies are still required to guarantee the quality and longevity of these systems. Therefore, a background on available dental materials properties is a starting point to provoke a discussion on the development of potential alternatives to rehabilitate lost hard and soft tissue structures with ceramic-based tooth and implant-supported reconstructions. This review aims to bring the most recent materials research of the two major categories of ceramic restorations: ceramic-metal system and all-ceramic restorations. The practical aspects are herein presented regarding the evolution and development of materials, technologies applications, strength, color, and aesthetics. A trend was observed to use high-strength core ceramics type due to their ability to be manufactured by CAD/CAM technology. In addition, the impacts of COVID-19 on the market of dental restorative ceramics are presented.
Modern processing technologies of all-ceramic dental crowns with various zirconia frameworks
2016
CAD/CAM (computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing) processing or zirconia frameworks and overpressing of the veneer are modern methods available to achieve all-ceramic bilayered crowns. Besides materials strength, other factors affect restorations’ clinical longevity, such as prosthesis design and technological steps. The aim of the study is to display alternative modern technologies for the fabrication of all-ceramic molar crowns with various zirconia frameworks. The individual processing procedures could cause structural flaws. The structural flaws may be located in the framework, at the veneer–core interface, at the surface, in the bulk of the veneering material, and lead to stress concentration as well as act as fracture initiation sites. An innovative modality for the improvement of all-ceramic restorations in the posterior areas might be the possibility to use glass ceramics as veneering material for zirconia cores and to adjust framework designs. Individual processi...
Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods
Brazilian oral research, 2017
The evolution of computerized systems for the production of dental restorations associated to the development of novel microstructures for ceramic materials has caused an important change in the clinical workflow for dentists and technicians, as well as in the treatment options offered to patients. New microstructures have also been developed by the industry in order to offer ceramic and composite materials with optimized properties, i.e., good mechanical properties, appropriate wear behavior and acceptable aesthetic characteristics. The objective of this literature review is to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of the new ceramic systems and processing methods. The manuscript is divided in five parts: I) monolithic zirconia restorations; II) multilayered dental prostheses; III) new glass-ceramics; IV) polymer infiltrated ceramics; and V) novel processing technologies. Dental ceramics and processing technologies have evolved significantly in the past ten years, with most...
Recent Advances in Materials for All-Ceramic Restorations
Dental Clinics of North America, 2007
The past three years of research on materials for all-ceramic veneers, inlays, onlays, single-unit crowns, and multi-unit restorations are reviewed. The primary changes in the field were the proliferation of zirconia-based frameworks and computer-aided fabrication of prostheses, as well as, a trend toward more clinically relevant in vitro test methods. This report includes an overview of ceramic fabrication methods, suggestions for critical assessment of material property data, and a summary of clinical longevity for prostheses constructed of various materials. BACKGROUND Ceramic materials are best able to mimic the appearance of natural teeth. However, two obstacles have limited the use of ceramics in the fabrication of dental prostheses: 1) brittleness leading to a lack of mechanical reliability and 2) greater effort and time required for processing in comparison to metal alloys and dental composites. Recent advances in ceramic processing methods have simplified the work of the dental technician and have allowed greater quality control for ceramic materials, which has increased their mechanical reliability. As a result, the proportion of restorative treatments using all-ceramic prostheses is rapidly growing. Several authors previously reviewed progress in the field of dental ceramics [1-12]. This article reviews the research literature and commercial changes over the past three years since the last review in this field. The recent developments in dental ceramic technology can be categorized into three primary trends: 1. There has been a rapid diversification of equipment and materials available for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) of ceramic prostheses. 2. The availability of CAD-CAM processing permitted the use of polycrystalline zirconia coping and framework materials. The relatively high stiffness and good mechanical reliability of partially stabilized zirconia allows thinner core layers, longer bridge spans, and the use of all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) in posterior locations. 3. Basic science researchers are increasingly using clinically relevant specimen geometry, surface finish, and mechanical loading in their in vitro studies. This implies that in vitro results will more accurately predict clinical performance of ceramic prostheses, but clinicians still need to be cautious in extrapolating from the laboratory to the clinical case.
Zirconia a Modern Ceramic Material in Dentistry - a Systematic Review
Among the dental ceramics, zirconia has emerged as a resourceful and promising material because of its biological, mechanical and optical properties, which has certainly accelerated its routine use in CAD/CAM technology for different types of prosthetic treatment. The zirconia systems currently available for use in dentistry include ceramics with a 90% or higher content zirconium dioxide, which is the yttrium, stabilized tetragonal Zirconia (Y-TZP) and glass infiltrated ceramics with 35% partially stabilized zirconia. Zirconia based restorations are quite versatile and can be used for crowns, bridges, implant abutments and fixtures and as post materials. This article reviews the unique property of zirconia and its wide application in dentistry, with more emphasis on prosthetic uses. Keywords: Zirconia, Esthetics, Restorations, Mechanical properties.
Dental Materials, 2009
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 5 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 121-128 a v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . i n t l . e l s e v i e r h e a l t h . c o m / j o u r n a l s / d e m a a b s t r a c t Objectives. With this in vitro study the fracture strength of zirconia-based crown copings being veneered with a CAD/CAM generated high-strength ceramic cap by sintering is compared with anatomically identical zirconia-based crowns, which were either overpressed or veneered by the layering technique for completion. Methods. A 1.2 mm, 360 • chamfer preparation was performed on a second maxillary molar and was dublicated 15 times in a cobalt-chromium-alloy. A sample of 45 zirconia copings was produced and divided into three groups. In the first group (VT) zirconia copings received conventional veneering in layering technique, in the second group the veneering porcelain was pressed over the zirconia coping (PT), and for the third group (ST) a CAD/CAM-fabricated high-strength anatomically shaped veneering cap was sintered onto the zirconia coping. All crowns were cemented conventionally onto their dies and tested in the universal testing machine until clinical failure. The fracture load data were compared by a one-way analysis of variance and a multiple comparison posthoc test (˛< 0.05).
DENTAL CERAMIC MATERIALS, PART I: TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALL-CERAMIC DENTAL MATERIALS
Macedonia Dental review, 2018
Abstract All-ceramic fixed restorations, because of their excellent aesthetic characteristics, are made more and more often. On the other hand, the discontinuity of the dental arches in the posterior regions could be solved by the restorations/bridges made out of the stabilized zirconium dioxide because of its great strength. This article reviews the current literature covering all-ceramic materials and systems. A history regarding the development of these materials is presented, starting with the first all-porcelain “jacket” crown, all the way to recently introduced all-zirconia and resin-matrix ceramic materials. The machinable materials fabricated for the CAD/CAM technology are also presented. Keywords:dental ceramics, CAD/CAM, glass ceramic, zirconia, hybrid ceramic.
Materials
The aim of this review article is to present various material groups, including ceramics, composites and hybrid materials, currently utilized in the field of CAD/CAM. The described technology is amongst the most important in modern prosthetics. Materials that are applicable in this technique are constantly tested, evaluated and improved. Nowadays, research on dental materials is carried out in order to meet the increasing demand on highly aesthetic and functional indirect restorations. Recent studies present the long-term clinical success of restorations made with the help of both ceramic and composite materials in the CAD/CAM method. However, new materials are developed and introduced that do not have long-term in vivo observations. We can outline a monolithic polymer-infiltrated ceramic network and zirconia teeth support that show promising results to date but require further assessment. The materials will be compared with regard to their mechanical and clinical properties, purpos...