Evaluation of silver nanoparticles toxicity of Arachis hypogaea peel extracts and its larvicidal activity against malaria and dengue vectors (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2021
The present study pertains to the exploitation of biowaste generated through Banana (Musa acuminate L.) peels for the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their bioactivity was evaluated for managing the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. UV-VIS specrtophotometery was used for confirming AgNPs synthesis and a peak was observed at 426 nm. Characterization of AgNPs was done using Scanning electron microscopy which depicted spherical shape of AgNPs while Transmission electron micrographs revealed their size to be ranging from 20 to 50 nm. AgNPs bioactivity was studied against III instar larvae following 24, 48 and 72 h exposure and values of LC50 and LC90 were analyzed using probit analysis. LC50 values ranged from 10.69 to 25.15 ppm with AgNPs at various time exposures. Antioxidant potential of these AgNPs was also evaluated to supplement these findings. This study highlights the potential of biowastes as a potent larvicide against Aedes aegypti.
Phyto-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles: A Potent Mosquito Biolarvicidal Agent
Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery, 2013
Mosquito transmit diseases like malaria, dengue accounted for global mortality and morbidity with increased resistance to common insecticides. In the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from aqueous leaves extracts of four plant species (Jatropha gossypifolia, Euphorbia tirucalli, Pedilanthus tithymaloides and Alstonia macrophylla) and there effects on II nd and IV th instars larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi were evaluated. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis. II nd and IV th instars larvae of A. aegypti and A. stephensi were exposed to varying concentrations of AgNPs synthesized from plants under investigation (0.625 to 20 ppm) for 24 hours, which revealed larvicidal activity of AgNPs with LC 50 values of 3.50 to 7.01 ppm against II nd instar and 4.44 to 8.74 ppm against IV th instar larvae of A. aegypti and 5.90 to 8.04 ppm for II nd instar, 4.90 to 9.55 ppm against IV th instar of A. stephensi. Results obtained from this study present biosynthesized silver nanoparticles as novel biolarvicidal agent and can be used along with traditional insecticides as approach of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
Vector-borne diseases caused by mosquitoes are one of the major economic and health problems in many countries. Vector control methods involving use of chemical insecticides are becoming less effective due to the development of insecticides resistance, biological magnification of toxic substances through the food chain, and adverse effects on environmental quality and nontarget organisms including human health. Today, nanotechnology is a promising research domain which has a wide ranging application in vector control programs. In the present study, the mosquito adulticidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Chomelia asiatica plant extract against three important adult female mosquitoes of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus was determined. Range of concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 ppm) and leaf extract (70, 140, 210, 280, and 350 ppm) were tested against the adult mosquito of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. AgNPs were rapidly synthesized using the leaf extract of C. asiatica, and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 6 h. The results were recorded from UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis support the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs. The maximum efficacy was observed in synthesized AgNPs against the adult of An. stephensi (lethal dose) (LD 50 =26.60 μg/mL; LD 90 = 48.34 μg/mL), Ae. aegypti (LD 50 =29.16 μg/mL; LD 90 = 52.84 μg/mL), and Cx. quinquefasciatus (LD 50 =32.23 μg/ mL; LD 90 =58.24 μg/mL) respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of C. asiatica and green synthesis of AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. This is the first report on the adulticidal activity of the plant extracts and AgNPs.
Parasitology Research, 2015
Mosquitoes are vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, causing millions of deaths every year. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Recently, transmission has strongly increased in urban and semiurban areas, becoming a major international public health concern. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the primary vector of dengue. The use of synthetic insecticides to control Aedes mosquitoes lead to high operational costs and adverse nontarget effects. In this scenario, eco-friendly control tools are a priority. We proposed a novel method to synthesize silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri, a cheap and nontoxic material. The UV-vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanostructures showed a peak at 420 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance band of nanoparticles. SEM analyses of the synthesized nanoparticles showed a mean size of 30-60 nm. EDX spectrum showed the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. XRD highlighted that the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature with face-centered cubic geometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of nanoparticles exhibited prominent peaks 3,327.63, 2,125.87, 1,637.89, 644.35, 597.41, and 554.63 cm −1. In laboratory assays, the aqueous extract of P. niruri was toxic against larval instars (I-IV) and pupae of A. aegypti. LC 50 was 158.24 ppm (I), 183.20 ppm (II), 210.53 ppm (III), 210.53 ppm (IV), and 358.08 ppm (pupae). P. niruri-synthesized nanoparticles were highly effective against A. aegypti, with LC 50 of 3.90 ppm (I), 5.01 ppm (II), 6.2 ppm (III), 8.9 ppm (IV), and 13.04 ppm (pupae). In the field, the application of silver nanoparticles (10×LC 50) lead to A. aegypti larval reduction of 47.6 %, 76.7 % and 100 %, after 24, 48, and 72 h, while the P. niruri extract lead to 39.9 %, 69.2 % and 100 % of reduction, respectively. In adulticidal experiments, P. niruri extract and nanoparticles showed LC 50 and LC 90 of 174.14 and 6.68 ppm and 422.29 and 23.58 ppm, respectively. Overall, this study highlights that the possibility
Advances in Entomology, 2014
The frequent cases of dengue incidences are leading cause of illness and death in urban areas and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a primary vector for Dengue transmission in India. Synthesis of leaf mediated silver nanoparticles especially with Pongamia pinnata is a potential substitute for the existing organophosphorus insecticides like Tenophos, malathion and fenthion etc., for mosquito control programme. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrum, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Analysis of TEM showed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are in spherical shape with average size of 20 nm. Further the XRD analysis confirms the nano-crystalline phase of silver with face centred cubic (FCC) crystal structure. GC-MS analysis elucidated the presence of two active ingredients, such as 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) and n-hexadecanoic acid, which are the prominent substances considered as larvicide. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts and synthesized silver nanoparticles for 24 hours. From the results, it is found that plant extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects but, the synthesized silver nanoparticles had found to be toxic to larvae at LC50 (0.25 ppm) and LC 90 (1 ppm).
PHYTO-SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES: A POTENT MOSQUITO OVICIDAL AGENT
Green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. The present study to determine the efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Feronia elephantum against the eggs of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi , dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Eggs were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of F.elephantum and synthesized Ag NP for 24 h. Ag NP were rapidly synthesized using the leaf extract of F.elephantum and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 6 h. After treatment, the eggs from each concentration were individually transferred to distilled water cups for hatching assessment after counting the eggs under microscope. Each experiment was replicated six times along with appropriate control. The hatch rates were assessed 48 h posttreatment. The aqueous leaf extract and AgNPs exerted 100% mortality (zero hatchability-12 to 18 hrs eggs) at 250, 300 and 350 µg/mL, and 60, 70 and 80 µg/mL, against An. stephensi, Ae.aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The results recorded from UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy support the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs. This is the first report on ovicidal activity of the plant extract and synthesized AgNPs.
Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 2014
Mosquitoes are one of the most medically significant groups of vectors, having an ability to transmit parasites and pathogens that can have devastating impacts on humans. The development of reliable and ecofriendly processes for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the field of application of nanotechnology. In this study, we address the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Leucas aspera leaf extract, and evaluate its lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) values against first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of the mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis. Larvae and pupae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts of synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. The maximum mortality was observed from synthesized AgNPs, with LC50 values for I-IV insta...
International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2022
Mosquito-vector diseases are spreading worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries, as the weather conditions in these countries are favourable for their growth. The larvicide and mosquito repellent are usually used to control the population of the mosquitoes. But using these chemically derived insecticides has made larvae resistant to it. Green-Nanotechnology is recently gaining attention, particularly silver nanoparticles. They are synthesized to control the mosquito population, and since it is synthesised using plant extract, the risk of exposure to any toxic chemical is reduced. This review paper, discuss how silver nanoparticles are synthesized with phytoextract and its effects on the mosquito larval and pupal population. The Silver (Ag) nanoparticles show better larvicidal activity compared to the larvicidal activity of the crude plant extract. Furthermore, it is seen that the dose required to kill half the population of larvae /pupae is less in Green Ag Nanoparticles compared to plant extract.
Parasitology …, 2012
Vector control is a critical requirement in epidemic disease situations, as is an urgent need to develop new and improved mosquito control methods that are economical and effective yet safe for nontarget organisms and the environment. Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In the present study, activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using Euphorbia hirta (E. hirta) plant leaf extract against malarial vector Anopheles stephensi (A. stephensi) was determined. Range of concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm) and methanol crude extract (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm) were tested against larvae of A. stephensi. The synthesized AgNPs from E. hirta were highly toxic than methanolic crude extract against malarial vector, A. stephensi. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. SEM analyses of the synthesized showed that AgNPs, measuring 30-60 nm in size, were clearly distinguishable. The synthesized AgNPs showed larvicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the synthesized AgNPs against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of values LC 50 (10.14, 16.82, 21.51, and 27.89 ppm, respectively), LC 90 (31.98, 50.38, 60.09, and 69.94 ppm, respectively), and the LC 50 and LC 90 values of pupae of 34.52 and 79.76 ppm, respectively. Methanol extract exhibited the larval toxicity against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of values LC 50 (121.51, 145.40, 169.11, and 197.40 ppm, respectively), LC 90 (236.44, 293.75, 331.42, and 371.34 ppm, respectively), and the LC 50 and LC 90 values of pupae of 219.15 and 396.70 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. These results suggest that synthesized silver nanoparticles are a rapid, eco-friendly, and single-step approach; the AgNPs formed can be potential mosquito larvicidal agents.
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 2016
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by novel simple green chemistry procedure using Achyranthes aspera leaf extract as a reducing and a capping agent. The present study focuses on larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Range of concentrations of synthesized AgNPs (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/ml) and the aqueous extract (100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml) were tested against the fourth instar larvae for 24 h exposure. The maximum efficacy was observed in the synthesized AgNPs against Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC 50 2.48; LC 90 8.14 mg/ml) and Ae. aegypti (LC 50 3.68; LC 90 8.92 mg/ml) whereas aqueous extract found to be effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus at a higher concentration. The synthesized AgNPs from A. aspera were highly potent than aqueous extract against all the three tested vectors. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, SEM, TEM, FTIR and XRD. This revealed a peak at 452 nm in leaf extract of A. aspera, indicating the production of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were clearly distinguishable with the respective nanometers and the XRD spectrum confirmed the presence of silver ion and it was compared with the standard spectrum peaks. The FTIR spectra of AgNPs exhibited prominent peaks of organic molecules.