Turkey's sectoral exports: A competitiveness approach (original) (raw)
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19. An analysis of Turkey s export competetiveness according to the SITC technology classification
Pressacademia, 2017
The main purpose of this paper is to determine Turkey's export competitiveness in respect of SITC Technology Classification. The classification has five different categories of goods, namely, raw-material-intense, labour-intense, capital-intense, easy-to-imitate and hard-to-imitate. For analysis, Turkey's export data (US dollars) between 1996 and 2015 is used. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) formula by Bela Balassa (1965) is taken as methodology to analyse. In compliance with Turkey's RCAs of the period, it is found out that Turkey has competitiveness (comparative advantages) on the export of labour intensive and capital intensive goods while it has competitiveness disadvantage on the raw-material intense, easy-to-imitate and hard-to-imitate goods which are research-based goods. It means the goods exported by Turkey is mostly production of labour intense technology, thus it demonstrates that the labour factor is the most significant production factors for Turkey. However, Turkey has disadvantage on easy-to-imitate and hard-to-imitate researchdevelopment-based goods strengthen by innovation and high value added products, which are commonly accepted as development indicators for countries.
This paper sheds light on the rising and declining manufacturing sectors in Turkey compared with other Eastern and European Counties considering the recent export and import trend of various manufacturing sectors. Eastern European Countries differ with respect to rising and declining sectors. However, similarities are noticed as well. Except two countries, all countries began to pass more skilled-labor intensive sectors which need more advanced technology. Even though the trade volume of conventional sectors increases in absolute terms, their share in total trade declines in favor of new rising sectors.
NORMALIZED REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES INDEX: AN APPLICATION ON CHOSEN SECTORS OF TURKEY
The total exportation of Turkey, who experiences foreign expansion with January 24, 1980 decisions and who gains ground in global markets, is increasing by years. However, the facts that although Turkey's exportation displays an increase in terms of quantity, it does not make the same progress in terms of quality and that same products are exported by years lead Turkey to have a weak competition in global markets. In order for Turkey to increase her competitive power among the countries in exporting markets, it is quite important to determine the sectors she is disadvantageous and to be stable in sectors she is advantageous. In this context, the sectors that Turkey is advantageous and disadvantageous in terms of comparative advantage regarding 13 sectors chosen by using annual data of years 2006-2017 were determined. For this purpose, chosen sectors' "Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantages (NRCA)" Index, which was developed by Yu et.al. (2009), with respect to each year was calculated. In accordance with the findings obtained, it was concluded that Turkey has comparative advantage in 8 sectors and does not have comparative advantage in 5 sectors out of 13 sectors that Turkey exports.
This study aims to investigate Turkey and Transition Economies’ export diversification to world and between each others. To determine diversification level of Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia as transition economies, Gini Hircshman Coefficent is computed with using related data set. Main purpose of this work is to analyze how countries diversify their exports to Turkey and how Turkey diversifies its exports to transition economies between the years 1993-2009. According to the obtained findings, diversification coefficient (GH) of the countries’ total exports in the range of 10-20 whereas this figure rises to the range of 20-40 when it comes to trade between Turkey and these transition countries.
The Determinants of Export Potential: The Case of Ankara Manufacturing Sector
The objective of this paper is to analyse the export potential of Small and Medium Enterprises in Turkey and to ensure competitiveness of the firms both in domestic and international free market economies. The data used in this article is derived from questionnaires distributed to firms that operate in the manufacturing sector in Ankara at the OSTIM and Ivedik Organised Industrial Regions. Regression analysis are employed to determine the relationship between the firms export potential and the firm size, age, quality standards, and research and development expenditures. The results indicate that a positive relationship exist between export potential and firm size, age and the level of quality standards. On the other hand, the impact of the research and development on export performans turn out to be insignificant.
The Determinants of Export Potential: A Case of Ankara Manufacturing Sector
The objective of this paper is to analyse the export potential of Small and Medium Enterprises in Turkey and to ensure competitiveness of the firms both in domestic and international free market economies. The data used in this article is derived from questionnaires distributed to firms that operate in the manufacturing sector in Ankara at the OSTIM and Ivedik Organised Industrial Regions. Regression analysis are employed to determine the relationship between the firms export potential and the firm size, age, quality standards, and research and development expenditures. The results indicate that a positive relationship exist between export potential and firm size, age and the level of quality standards. On the other hand, the impact of the research and development on export performans turn out to be insignificant.
Exports and Economic Growth: A Sectoral Analysis for Turkey
2012
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between exports and the industrial production index for economic growth by employing the Granger causality test for the total manufacturing sector and Turkey’s top 10 exported goods over the period 2002:01 to 2012:05. According to our findings, there is evidence to support export-led growth for basic metals, chemical products, and fabricated metal products in the long-run and a unidirectional causality relationship was found from economic growth to exports for electrical machinery and apparatus both in the short and long-run. Moreover, a pattern of growth-led exports is also valid for chemical products in the short-run.
The Determinants of Turkey’s Export Performance: Constant Market Share Analysis
2013
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the export performance of Turkey by Constant Market Share method for the period 1995-2011. Turkey’s trade with its major trading partners (the first 20 countries with largest shares in Turkey’s export) is analysed by using SITC Rev.3 three digit data. The evaluation of Turkey’s export performance was based on market share effect, commodity composition effect and commodity adaptation effect. The results reveal that the increase in Turkey’s export performance stemmed from positive market share and commodity composition effects. The commodity adaptation effect was mostly negative during the same period. These findings lead us to conclude that Turkey may improve its export performance further by adapting its export commodity group to the changing demand structure of these markets.
In this study, Turkey and EU+13 countries’ export competitiveness in the science-based goods are intented to measure and compare. In this context, between the years 1993-2012, the several revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices for each country concerned are calculated according to the SITC Technology Classification. The results show that the science-based goods have not a significant impact on the rise of Turkey and the EU+13 countries’ exports share in the world trade in general. However, the EU+13 countries’ export competitiveness has been increasing after accession to the EU and Turkey’s competitiveness is weaker than the EU+13 countries.
ces.epoka.edu.al
Although there are various major elements those explaining export performance of national economies, rapid technologic advances and ever increasing level of global production of goods and services, technological and innovative abilities of national economies have become the far front challenge. In this paper, we investigate the effects of innovative and technology abilities of the country performance of manufacturing industry exports, also controlling for labor cost and real exchange rates effects. In our basic econometric analysis, we use aggregate level monthly data from Turkey for January 1999 -July 2004 period. The results demonstrate that innovative abilities and efforts of the nations indeed significantly and positively contribute on national export performance, while foreign patent protection create significant negative effects on nation's export performance in the short run. Surprisingly, the real effective exchange rates do not seem to create the expected negative effect but a reverse significant effect. Sectorial wage levels generate the expected significant reverse effect on international competitiveness.