Utility of cardiac biomarkers and biosensors for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (original) (raw)
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Role of Biochemical Markers in Detection of Myocardial Infarction
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2021
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction causes significant mortality and morbidity. Timely conclusion permits clinicians to risk stratify their patients and select suitable treatment. Biomarkers have been utilized to help with timely decision, whereas an expanding number of novel markers have been recognized to predict result taking after an acute myocardial infarction or acute coronary disorder. This may encourage tailoring of appropriate treatment to high-risk patients. This survey focuses on an assortment of promising biomarkers which give symptomatic and prognostic data. Objective: To compare the early demonstrative efficiency of the cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) level with that of the cardiac troponin T (cTn-T) level, as well as the creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, and myoglobin levels, for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients without an initially diagnostic ECG presenting to the Emergency department within 24 hours of the onset of their symptoms. Material and Methods Study...
An Update On Cardiac Biomarkers In Detection Of Myocardial Infarction
Biolife, 2023
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as significant heart attack occurs when the coronary blood supply is decreased or sudden complete cessation, harming the myocardium due to a lack of oxygen, which leads to ischemic injury to the heart and leads to dead. Globally incidence of MI is increasing day by day, which leads to major cause of cardiac dead compared to other pathological conditions. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of MI can reduce the incidence of mortality and increases the survival rate. To review updates on cardiac biomarkers and methods that can be used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Globally incidence of MI is increasing day by day, and some studies are being conducted on the association between COVID-19 and myocardial infarction. Early detection is a key to properly treating the MI;thus, this study aims to do this by offering both tools and techniques as well as the most recent diagnostic techniques. Myocardial infarction is an ischemic disease that is difficult to diagnose based on single factor of diagnostic method. Therefore, it is necessary to use a combination of various methods to diagnose MI quickly and accurately. This review concludes use biomarker-based ELISA, SPR, gold nanoparticle, and aptamer technologies can be used to diagnose Myocardial infarction along with electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, which is required to diagnose myocardial infarction accurately.
2010
There are several requirements for the early detection of AMI with biochemical markers: The biochemical marker should be: - Specific - Sensitive - Fast elevated after the clinical onset of the symptoms. The test should be: - Easy to perform - Give a fast result - Preferably bedside - Inexpensive Here, we demonstrate the biochemical characteristics of heart-type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (FABP) in AMI and UAP patients. Also, we show some preliminary data on a new in-house made quantitative rapid test with simple test procedures. - Patients: 50 patients of the CCU of PWH are included in the study diagnosed with UAP or AMI. Eight blood samples per patient were taken at 0-72 hours after admission and analyzed with a laboratory ELISA test. - Rapid test procedure: 80 ml plasma or serum is added on the sample pad. Within 5 minutes, the strip can be read out with an optical reader (the PART from LRE, Munich, Germany). A release curve for AMI patients shows a significantly elevated FABP con...
Biomarkers in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients can be stratified by symptoms, risk factors and electrocardiogram results but cardiac biomarkers also have a prime role both diagnostically and prognostically. The proper diagnosis of ACS requires reliable and accurate biomarker assays to detect evidence of myocardial necrosis. Currently, troponin is the gold standard biomarker for myocardial injury and is used commonly in conjunction with creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and myoglobin to enable a more rapid diagnosis of ACS. Other markers of myocardial necrosis, inflammation and neurohormonal activity have also been shown to have either diagnostic or prognostic utility, but none have been shown to be superior to troponin. The measurement of multiple biomarkers and the use of point of care markers may accelerate current diagnostic protocols for the assessment of such patients.
Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a cardiovascular disease have been known to cause high morbidity and mortality rate in several countries. Hence, several serum biomarkers have evolved as a standard and bedrock for its diagnosis one of which is, cardiac troponin. This cardiac biomarker's accurate and rapid detection is critical in reducing the risk of heart attack-related complications. However, the delay experienced in the determination of a patient’s clinical state, coupled with the time of admitting them to the hospital depicts the need for improving diagnosing AMI by developing a highly sensitive biomarker. In this review we discuss, biomarkers and immunoassays employed in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed cardiac troponin, a widely used biomarker. Subsequently, we discuss various methods used in assessing its performance and how technology has helped in developing more sensitive cardiac troponin to fast track its rate of diagno...
Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
Background: One of the most effective instances of readily detected biomarkers diagnosing a very big health concern is the measuring of proteins in blood to represent heart damage. The idea of utilizing a blood test to reflect organ or cell harm necessitates a chemical that is plentiful in the target cell, can reach blood, has a suitable half-life in blood, and is preferably in a particular form that only reflects the target cell in tissue. Because contraction is the primary function of the myocyte, proteins involved in contraction or the energy required to sustain it should be suitable potential indicators. The work on diagnostic tests for myofibrillar proteins begins in 1978. Different key pieces of evidence fueled in the research. In Ist-year outcomes were identical in chest pain patients whose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was ruled out by electrocardiography and cardiac enzymes, demonstrating that the existing diagnostic tools were not beneficial for risk prediction and tre...
Cardiac biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: a literature review
IJS - International Journal of Sciences, 2021
Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) known as heart attack is one of the main cardiovascular pathologies in Brazil, being caused by genetic and environmental factors. Aiming at the diagnosis in the first symptoms of the disease, biomarkers have become a useful tool. Present a literature review to identify cardiac biomarkers used in the diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction. This is a literature review using the descriptors "Cardiac Biomarkers", "Diagnosis" AND "Acute Myocardial Infarction" in the VHL, LILACS, PubMed and SCIELO databases. Enzymes are responsible for biological reactions, they together with proteins are used as markers for aim investigation. Creatine kinase fraction MB (CK-MB), Troponins, Myoglobin and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be cited. In view of the presented, it is identified that the use of cardiac biomarkers is indispensable for the early diagnosis of the first hours of myocardial lesions.
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2012
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of multiple tests-heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB, and myoglobinfor the early detection of acute myocardial infarction among patients who present to the emergency department with chest pain. Methods: A total of 1128 patients provided a total of 2924 venous blood samples. Patients with chest pain were nonselected and treated according to hospital guidelines. Additional cardiac biomarkers were assayed simultaneously at serial time points using the Cardiac Array (Results: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein had the greatest sensitivity at 0 to 3 hours (64.3%) and 3 to 6 hours (85.3%) after chest pain onset. The combination of cTnI measurement with H-FABP increased sensitivity to 71.4% at 3 to 6 hours and 88.2% at 3 to 6 hours. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated that H-FABP had the greatest diagnostic ability with area under the curve at 0 to 3 hours of 0.841 and 3 to 6 hours of 0.894. The specificity was also high for the combination of H-FABP with cTnI at these time points. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein had the highest negative predictive values of all the individual markers: 0 to 3 hours (93%) and 3 to 6 hours (97%). Again, the combined measurement of cTnI with H-FABP increased the negative predictive values to 94% at 0 to 3 hours, 98% at 3 to 6 hours, and 99% at 6 to 12 hours. Conclusion: Testing both H-FABP and cTnI using the Cardiac Array proved to be both a reliable diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome and also a valuable rule-out test for patients presenting at 3 to 6 hours after chest pain onset.
Critical pathways in cardiology, 2018
Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is a novel biomarker for myocardial injury. We compared the use of H-FABP with serum levels of cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the diagnosis of patients suspicious to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). From October 2013 to December 2014, 182 consecutive patients suspicious to acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in this study, who presented within the past 6 hours from the onset of symptoms. Venous blood samples were drawn at baseline to measure serum biochemistry, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTNT), creatine kinase-MB, and H-FABP, and the measurements were repeated after 8 hours. The patients were categorized into 3 groups based on the baseline and second measurements of cTnT and general characteristics, and changes of H-FABP levels were then compared between the groups. Sensitivity and specificity of H-FABP in predicting the presence of AMI was calculated. A total of 91 patients had AMI. Changes o...
The Diagnostic Value of Biochemical Cardiac Markers in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial Infarction, 2019
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The role of cardiac markers in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with chest pain is vital. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin levels but negative CK-MB who were formerly diagnosed with unstable angina or minor myocardial injury are now reclassified as non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) even in the absence of diagnostic ECG changes. CK-MB is both a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin T is a cardio-specific, highly sensitive marker for myocardial damage. Cardiac troponin I is a contractile protein exclusively present in the cardiac muscle. The absolute cardiospecificity of cTnI allows the diagnosis of myocardial infarction distinct from muscle lesions and non-cardiac surgery. In 2000, the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology redefined AMI with a particular advocacy on troponin. The 2002/2007 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) Guideline Update for the management of these patients strongly recommend to include cTnI. Specifically, with rare exception, the diagnosis cannot be made in the absence of elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury.