HPLC Fingerprint Analysis with the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Lichens Combined with the Chemometric Calculations (original) (raw)
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TLC fingerprint with chemometrics and antioxidant activity of selected lichens
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2019
Selected lichens, collected in forests near Lublin (Poland) were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with dichloromethane and methanol as solvents. The obtained extracts were analyzed using the Thin Layer Chromatography with silica gel as adsorbent and the mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate and formic acid (10/10/0.5; v/v/v, respectively) as mobile phase. Developed chromatographic plates were sprayed using the Naturstoff reagent to confirm the presence of some phenolic compounds. The images of plates were digitalized using TLC Analyzer software and the obtained chromatograms were exported to Excel and converted to csv files. Next csv files were loaded to SpecAlign program, where the smoothing, subtraction (original word misspelled) of background and normalization were performed. The chemical differences between samples were confirmed using the similarity (Pearson correlation coefficient) and distance (Euclidean distance) indices with cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Additionally, the preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the examined extracts of lichens was performed by use of the DPPH TLC test.
Antioxidant and Phytochemical analysis of selected lichen species from Mizoram, India
Journal of phytology, 2022
Lichens are an important source of biologically active substances, primarily phenols, which are well known for their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents (flavonoids and phenols), and the antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the selected lichens species viz. Usnea baileyi, Hypotrachyna cirrhata and Lobaria pulmonaria were collected from Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram, India. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid of the various extracts varied from 31.11 to 67.84 mg of Gallic acid equivalent per gram dry weight (GAE/g DW) and from 27.43 to 37.06 mg of Quercetin equivalent per gram dry weight (QE/g DW) respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the methanol extract of tested samples showed a concentration-dependent manner with an IC 50 value ranging from 133.6 µg/ml in L. pulmonaria to 243.9 µg/ml in U. baileyi. A comparison between lichens extract and positive control (BHT) showed a strong antioxidant capacity (IC 50 =10.81 µg/ml) of positive control than the lichens methanolic extract. A high negative and significant negative correlation (P<0.05) was observed between total phenol content and antioxidant activity IC 50 of DPPH assay. Moreover, a positively high significant correlation was also obtained between total flavonoid and phenol content (P<0.01). The present study showed that bioactive compounds present in the lichen thallus may be used as good sources of natural antioxidants and a potential candidate for curing several ailments.
Lichen species Caloplaca trachyphlla and Xanthoparmalia scabrosa were investigated for their antioxidant potential. The methanol extracts and various fractions of these plant species exhibited antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide inhibitory activity. The radical scavenging activities of the crude extracts and various fractions were significant and more potent than the standard in some cases, as demonstrated by the IC50 values obtained. The medium polar fractions from both C. trachyphlla and X. scabrosa were found to be more potent than least polar and most polar fractions, these findings suggest that lichen from the Gilgit region exhibit significant and promising antioxidant properties. During this study usnic acid is also isolated for the first time from C. trachyphylla.
Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria islandica (L) Ach
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002
The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of C. islandica. The antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging and free radical scavenging activities were studied. The antioxidant activity increased with the increasing amount of extracts (from 50 to 500 mg) added to linoleic acid emulsion. About 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg of aqueous extract of C. islandica showed higher antioxidant activity than 500 mg of a-tocopherol. The samples showed 96, 99, 100, and 100% inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid, respectively. On the other hand, the 500 mg of a-tocopherol showed 77% inhibition on peroxidation on linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging and free radical scavenging activities of C. islandica depends on concentration and increasing with increased amount of sample. The results obtained in the present study indicate that C. islandica is a potential source of natural antioxidant.
Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Lichens
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Background. Lichens present a complex symbiotic relationship between a filamentous fungus, photoautotrophic partner (algae or cyanobacteria), and bacterial community. The Objective of the Study. This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of acetone extracts of Moroccan Evernia prunastri (E. prunastri), Ramalina farinacea (R. farinacea), and Pseudevernia furfuracea (P. furfuracea). Materials and Methods. The phytochemical analysis was carried out by HPLC-UV. The cytotoxic effect was assessed on human prostate cancer (22RV1), human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2), and Hamster ovarian cancer (CHO) cells lines by WST1 assay. The antioxidant power was assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays. The antibacterial effect was obtained using the broth microdilution method. Results. The findings of phytochemical analysis showed that the lichens studied possess interesting bioactive molecules such a...
Biological evaluation and phytochemical profiling of some lichen species
Acta Alimentaria, 2019
Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner. Chemical characterization and bioactive potentials (antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antibacterial) of five lichen species (Evernia prunastri, Platismatia glauca, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina fastigiata, and Ramalina farinacea) were assessed. Five lichen metabolites (usnic acid, atranorin, stictic acid, evernic acid, and fumarprotocetraric acid) were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. E. prunastri was noteworthy evernic acid source. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated using human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2/C3A) cell lines. The strongest activity was observed for P. glauca against HepG2/C3A, while the only lichen species that induced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line was P. furfuracea. The highest antioxidant activity was also obtained with P. furfuracea. E. prunastri and R. farinaceae had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined against ten pathogenic bacteria. The most effective antibacterial agent was methanol extract of R. fastigiata. Our findings have revealed the pharmaceutical potentials of tested lichen species.
Comparison of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of three lichen species
Phytotherapy Research, 2004
The antioxidant activities (AA), reducing powers (RP) and total phenolic contents (TPC) of methanol and water extracts of three lichen species, Usnea longissima Ach., Usnea florida (L.) Weber ex Wigg. and Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. were determined in vitro. Of the extracts tested, the methanol extracts of Lobaria pulmonaria and Usnea longissima showed potent antioxidant activities. The methanol extract of L. pulmonaria also had the highest total phenolic contents (87.9 mg/g lyophylisate). For the methanol extract of this species, there was also a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents. However, a similar correlation was not observed for U. longissima. Although the methanol extract of U. longissima had a lower phenolic content (38.6 mg/g lyophylisate), it exhibited potent antioxidant activity. On the other hand, there was a strong correlation between the reducing powers and the total phenolic contents of the extracts. The highest reducing power was determined for the methanol extract of L. pulmonaria. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 2007
A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with photodiode array detection method was developed to determine bioactive polyphenolic substances, methyl b-orcinolcarboxylate (MBO) and ethyl haematommate (EH) in thalli of various lichen species. The MBO and EH were separated by RP-HPLC (C 18 column, 150 mm  4.6 mm, 5 mm) using isocratic elution systems of acetonitrile:water (0.1% acetic acid). Base line separation of the compounds was obtained in less than 20 min. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection (LOD), and limits of quantification (LOQ). Repeatability (inter-and intra-day, n ¼ 6) showed less than 1.5% relative standard deviation (RSD). The LOD and LOQ were found to be 5.97 and 15.51 ng for MBO and 42.63 and 69.03 ng for EH, respectively. The validated HPLC method was employed to quantify MBO and EH in eleven lichen species, used in folklore/traditional systems of medicine collected from the Himalayan region of India.
Plants
Lichen metabolites represent a wide range of substances with a variety of biological effects. The present study was designed to analyze the potential antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of several extracts from lichens (Pseudevernia furfuracea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Cetraria islandica, Evernia prunastri, Stereocaulon tomentosum, Xanthoria elegans and Umbilicaria hirsuta) and their secondary metabolites (atranorin, physodic acid, evernic acid and gyrophoric acid). The crude extract, as well as the isolated metabolites, showed potent antiproliferative, cytotoxic activity on a broad range of cancer cell lines in 2D (monolayer) and 3D (spheroid) models. Furthermore, antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) and in vitro antimicrobial activities were assessed. Data showed that the lichen extracts, as well as the compounds present, possessed biological potential in the studied assays. It was also observed that the extracts were more efficient and their...
Plants
Free radicals play a critical role in the chemical processes that occur in all cells. Pharmaceutical companies manufacture a variety of synthetically prepared antioxidants, but it is known that many of these can be carcinogenic. As a result, efforts are being made to find natural antioxidants that do not have these side effects. Lichens may be suitable candidates because they contain secondary metabolites with proven antioxidant properties. This could be explained by the presence of compounds with phenolic groups in lichens. The radical scavenging reaction is a chemical reaction governed by stoichiometry, and our aim is to determine the efficacy of these reactions. The aim of this study is to compare metabolite activity based on the same amount of substance involved in radical scavenging, calculated in micromoles rather than weight concentration. This provides an accurate way of comparing radical scavenging activity. We tested superoxide anion scavenging activity and free radical sc...