Evaluation of the Benefits of Using a Power Toothbrush During the Initial Phase of Periodontal Therapy (original) (raw)
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A systematic review of powered vs. manual toothbrushes in periodontal cause-related therapy
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2002
To compare the effect of power-driven toothbrushes with manual toothbrushes on gingival bleeding and inflammation in patients with gingivitis and chronic peridontitis. Searching MEDLINE and the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register were searched to June 2001 for reports published in the English language; the search terms were stated. The Journal of Clinical Periodontology, Journal of Periodontal Research and Journal of Periodontology were handsearched to June 2001, and editors of these journals were asked for details of any in press reports or reports that had been accepted for publication. Reviews and letters were excluded. Reference lists in reviews, texts and workshops were also checked. Study selection Study designs of evaluations included in the review Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion. The included RCTs allocated patients into parallel treatment groups, or allocated sides or quadrants of mouths to treatments. Specific interventions included in the review Studies that compared electric toothbrushes with conventional manual toothbrushes were eligible for inclusion. The included studies were grouped into four models of care according to the intensity of the intervention: the over-the-counter (OTC) model, in which toothbrushes were used with standard instructions, but without any professional input into change to oral hygiene; the oral hygiene instruction (OHI) model, which included professional input into education, motivation and change to oral hygiene habits, with or without encouragement using telephone calls or cards; the prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction (POHI) model, which included instruction in oral hygiene and administration of a prophylaxis after the first examination, with or without encouragement to comply; and the supportive periodontal treatment (SPT) model, in which long-term studies included treatment for periodontal disease with prophylaxis and scaling every 3 months. The included studies used oscillating-rotating, counter-rotational, sonic, ultrasonic and other types of electric toothbrushes. The duration of treatment in long-term studies ranged from 6 to 24 months. Participants included in the review Studies of adult patients (older than 15 years old at enrolment) with gingivitis or periodontitis, who had no handicap, implants, extensive prosthetic restoration, or orthodontic treatment, were eligible for inclusion. Most of the participants in the included studies were from the general population, enrolled in periodontal treatment programmes, or were nondental university students. Outcomes assessed in the review Studies that assessed gingival bleeding or inflammation were eligible for inclusion. The review also assessed plaque, gingival recessions and abrasions. The included studies used a variety of indices (at least 23 different indices) to assess the outcomes. The most commonly used plaque index was the Turesky, while the most common gingival bleeding index was bleeding on probing.
Journal of Periodontology, 1999
Background: The purpose of this 30-day blinded, parallel-design study was to compare the effect of 2 powered toothbrushes, the Rowenta MH700 and the Braun Plak Control Ultra, on reducing plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding in a cohort of 60 healthy adults. Methods: After baseline evaluation of plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups, provided written and verbal toothbrushing instructions, and had their teeth polished. At 2 weeks (follow-up 1) and 4 weeks (follow-up 2) all clinical parameters were again evaluated. Results: The Braun group demonstrated a nearly significant reduction in gingival index (Gl) and a significant reduction in GI at follow-up 2. The Rowenta group demonstrated significant reductions in GI, plaque index (PI), and bleeding index (GBI) at both follow-up 1 and 2 examinations. At follow-up 1, the Braun group demonstrated a nearly significant reduction in GI, a significant reduction in PI, and a non-significant reduction in GBI. At follow-up 2, the Braun group demonstrated a significant reduction in GBI, but not a significant reduction in PI. The reduction in GI for the Rowenta group was significantly greater (P values of 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively) than that demonstrated in the Braun group. However, the Rowenta group did not demonstrate a significantly greater reduction in PI (P values of 0.7135 and 0.3184 for follow-up 1 and follow-up 2, respectively) or GBI than the Braun group at either examination (P values of 0.0663 and 0.3397 for followup 1 and 2, respectively). Conclusions: The results of this study support the findings of numerous other studies that powered toothbrushes have great potential to remove plaque and improve gingival health and that the improvement can be demonstrated in a relatively short period of time.
PubMed, 2019
Objectives: To compare the effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush on gingivitis and plaque following two and four weeks of home use. Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-design, single-blind clinical trial. Eligible participants were generally healthy non-smoking manual toothbrush users aged 18-65 years, with a plaque score of = 1.8 per Lobene and Soparkar Modified Plaque Index (MPI) following a 3-6 hour plaque accumulation period, and mild to moderate gingivitis defined as a Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) = 1 on at least 20 sites. Subjects with advanced periodontal disease, xerostomia, excessive gingival recession, uncontrolled diabetes, and heavy deposits of calculus or rampant decay were excluded. Enrolled participants were randomly dispensed either a Philips Sonicare powered toothbrush used with the InterCare brush head (PTB) or an American Dental Association (ADA) reference manual toothbrush (MTB). Efficacy and safety variables were assessed at Baseline, and at two and four weeks following twice-daily product home use. The primary endpoint of the study was reduction of gingivitis per the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) after four weeks of home use. Results: All 148 randomized subjects (74 per group) completed the study. A statistically significant difference in MGI reduction was observed between the two study groups (p < 0.001). The least square (LS) mean and standard error reduction from Baseline was 0.72 (0.04) for the PTB group compared to 0.09 (0.04) for the MTB group. Expressed as percent reduction from Baseline, the LS mean values were 35.77% (2.19%) and 4.22% (2.19%) for PTB and MTB, respectively. Statistically significant differences were also observed for MGI reduction at Week 2, as well as for MPI and GBI reduction at Weeks 2 and 4. Conclusions: The powered toothbrush was statistically significantly superior to a manual toothbrush in reducing gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and plaque following two and four weeks of home use.
The Journal of clinical dentistry, 2019
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of the Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart and Oral-B Genius 8000 powered toothbrushes on gingivitis, gingival bleeding, and supragingival plaque reduction following 42 days of home use. METHODS This was a randomized, parallel, examiner-blinded, prospective clinical trial with two treatment groups. Eligible participants were generally healthy volunteers who were manual toothbrush users, non-flossers, 18-65 years of age. The subject panel included non-smokers with = 50 sites of gingival bleeding according to the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and a supragingival plaque score of = 1.8 per Modified Plaque Index (MPI) at 3-6 hours following last tooth brushing encounter. Eligible subjects were randomized to use either a Philips Sonicare DiamondClean Smart with Premium Plaque Control brush head (DCS) or an Oral-B Genius 8000 with FlossAction brush head (OBG) for home use. Each toothbrush was used twice daily for two minutes. All subjects used a standardiz...
The Open Dentistry Journal
Objective: To compare clinical results of three types of manual tooth brushes on plaque removal efficacy and gingivitis. Method: This study is a single blind randomized trial with crossover design which involved 30 periodontaly healthy individuals. Professional plaque removal and oral hygiene instruction were performed for all the participants in the first step of our study followed by asking them to avoid brushing for 2 days. Thereafter plaque and gingivitis scores were measured using plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI). Then subjects were instructed to use Pulsar tooth brush for a two-week period and then, GI and PI indices were assessed again. After passing one-week period for wash out, subjects didn't brush for 2 days and indices were recorded again. The same procedure was done for CrossAction, and Butler 411 tooth brushes respectively and at the end of the study these variables were analyzed using SPSS software ver.16. Repeated measurement ANOVA test was used to compare...
Angle Orthodontist, 2018
Objectives: To assess plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients after 4 weeks' use of an oscillating-rotating power brush, irrigator, and mouthrinse. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, clinical trial comparing plaque and gingivitis outcomes for an experimental power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse oral hygiene routine vs a dental prophylaxis followed by regular manual brushing (positive control). Fifty-one participants with fixed orthodontic appliances in the upper and lower jaw and a minimum of 15 gingival bleeding sites were randomly assigned to experimental or positive control treatment. Both groups were instructed to use their products at least twice daily. At baseline, week 1, and week 4, plaque was evaluated using digital plaque imaging analysis and a conventional subjective index. Gingival inflammation and bleeding were also measured. Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups. Results: Fifty-one participants (mean age ΒΌ 13.9 years) were randomized; 50 (25 per group) completed the study. At baseline, group means were not statistically different (P. .1) for gingival inflammation or bleeding. At week 4, the experimental and control groups had a 10.0% to 32.7% and 5.9% to 6.7% reduction vs baseline, respectively, in plaque (across both methods); 12.6% and 8.3% reduction, respectively, in gingival inflammation; and 50.6% and 37.8% reduction, respectively, in bleeding. At week 4, group differences favoring the experimental group were statistically significant (P , .05) for gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and plaque (by conventional and digital imaging indexes). Conclusions: Use of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse resulted in statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than prophylaxis followed by manual brushing in patients with fixed appliances over 4 weeks.
EFFICACY OF TOOTHBRUSHES WITH AND WITHOUT DENTAL FLOSS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Tooth brushing is considered as 'gold standard' in prevention and control of periodontal diseases. Removal of dental plaque by brushing is achieved primarily through the direct contact between the filaments and surfaces of teeth. Many devices, namely powered toothbrush, water pick, dental floss are developed in order to improve the oral hygiene. Many studies claim that powered toothbrush is superior to the manual toothbrush but some studies showed reverse of it. Considering this, a study of 3 months duration was carried out to compare the efficiency of powered and manual toothbrush with and without dental floss in terms of reduction in plaque and sulcular bleeding indices (n=80). The subjects were divided into four groups, comprising of 20 in each: Group I = powered toothbrush, Group II = manual toothbrush, Group III = manual toothbrush with dental floss, Group IV = powered toothbrush with dental floss. Plaque and modified sulcular bleeding indices were considered as clinical parameters and recorded at baseline (day 0) and day 30, 60 and 90 using UNC-15 periodontal probe. The observation showed both the powered and manual toothbrushes reduce plaque and bleeding on probing significantly and efficiency is enhanced with the use of dental floss.