Iceve Orthography (original) (raw)
Related papers
Standardized orthography: a shoe for barefoot
A standard written form is necessary for every language to meet today's technological expectations. Only a standardized orthography can access modern tools such as Google Translator and the like. Moreover, writing is the only possible approach to the domains of administration, bureaucracy and education. Therefore, language standardisation should not be regarded as an enemy of autochthonous languages but as a small price to be paid to support minority languages in the real world and in the cyberspace. In this paper, we will present the joint experience of CNR-ILC and Smallcodes in the use of standardized orthographies for the design of digital tools for minority languages, and report about different approaches to orthography standardisation that were encountered over the years: from a top-down approach of Friulian to a moderately polynomial approach of Alpine Occitan; from an ''umbrella-like'' spelling system of Dolomitan Ladin to a mixed logographic and polynomia...
Orthography: Adjustments, Reforms, Failures
2016
The writing systems were borrowed by people speaking dissimilar languages, characterised by phonetic features that not entirely matched the original set of graphemes. Discrepancies that emerged whenever a foreign writing system was borrowed are constantly obliterated by graphic conventions inside each language. Greek, Latin, nevertheless Romanian graphemes attest the adjustments made throughout the history.
Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK), 2019
An Orthography of the Ososo Language.pdf
This work is a proposed orthography for the Ọsọsọ language. Ọsọsọ is Edoid (Lewis 2012). The aim of this study is to close the gap created by the dearth of empirical studies on the language. As pre-requisite for identifying a writing system for Ọ̀sọ́sọ̀, a study of its sound system was conducted. This included aspects of the phonetics and phonology of the language. A study of aspects of word formation in the language was also conducted. These preliminary studies formed the bedrock for formulating an orthography for the language. The study relied on both oral and written data. The oral data were required to ascertain the spoken form of the language hence discourses at meetings, homes, marketplace, marriage ceremony and church service were tape recorded; overt and covert transcription was equally done on the field, while data to verify the orthography literate indigenes use were obtained from circulated copies of Ibadan wordlist of 400 basic vocabulary items and typed script containing 20 short sentences drawn from Thomas compilation which he based on Greenberg’s list of words for African languages. The study also relied on conversation from social media platforms like facebook and whatsapp to further gain insight into the orthography used by different age groups in their vernacular chats. The framework for the study was based on the Structuralist phoneme theory using the minimal pair test. Ọ ̀sọ ́sọ ̀ language has a lot of similarities with its Ẹdoid sister languages especially Ẹdo and Emai, however, it still has sufficient unique peculiarities to require an orthography of its own. This study therefore proposed an appropriate orthography for the language. Although one acknowledges that orthography development of any language is a huge task that requires government backing and series of stake holders workshop, still, effort must start from somewhere especially the provision of a sound linguistic framework which remains the most basic pre-requisite needed for language planning in general and orthography development in particular.
FACTORS IN DESIGNING EFFECTIVE ORTHOGRAPHIES FOR UNWRITTEN LANGUAGES
SIL Electronic Working Papers, 2008
Abstract Recent interest in preserving endangered languages has led to a corresponding interest in orthographies for such languages. This paper, based on SIL's decades-long corporate experience as well as literature studies, summarizes the major factors which must be considered when planning an orthography. Issues of acceptability and usability must be balanced with the obvious prerequisite of linguistic soundness.
Standardised orthography - A shoe for a bare foot
Smallcodes srl (www.smallcodes.com) is a company based in Florence and made by a group of six people who believed that working with minority languages was economically sustainable and even profitable. We were wrong about that. But we also believed, and we still do, that the way to preserve these minority languages was the use of technology. Technology, by definition, is one of the most standardised and homogenizing field. It may sound bizarre that our way to fight cultural assimilation is the use of the most standardising thing in the world, namely technology, but that is what we firmly believe. That is why, together with the Institute of Computational Linguistics of National Research Council, we gained some experience in the use of standardised orthographies for the design of digital tools for minority languages.
One Orthography, Four Lects: The Unified Berawan Orthography
Berawan is an endangered Austronesian language family consisting of four lects, which are Batu Belah, Long Teru, Long Jegan, and Long Terawan. Their settlements are located in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. The impetus for a unified orthography came from the Berawan community, who desire to write their lects consistently and reflecting the way they speak. The unified orthography was developed starting with a phonological analysis of the Berawan lects. This was followed by several orthography workshops and discussions with individual Berawan communities, culminating in a combined orthography workshop in which a unified orthography was agreed upon. The aim of the paper is to provide the groundwork for establishing the unifed orthography of the Berawan language family. A phonological comparison of the four Berawan varieties is included for this purpose. The phonological descriptions are taken from Burkhardt (2014). maxim of 'maximal representation of speech 'shallow orthography' approach are employed. On this basis, issues that arise for graphemic representation of Berawan phonemes are then discussed and the decisions made by the participants of the combined workshops are described. The paper also touches on issues encountered throughout the discussion. The issues that arose are primarily related to the differences in orthographic systems between the Berawan lects and the Malay language. The paper ends with a proposed unified Berawan orthography including a comprehensive list of phoneme-grapheme correspondences.
A guide to the developing orthography of Icetod
2015
didi didi 'rain, weather' dob dɔbᵃ 'mud' duɗer dʉɗɛr 'water beetle' zeƙw zɛƙwᵃ 'stay, habitation' zin zɨn 'zebra' zot zɔtᵃ 'chain' zuk zukᵘ 'very' loperen 'ghost' namɛɗɔ 'back of head' loupal 'cobra' narɛʉ 'viper species' Feɓurar Fɛɓʉrarᵓ 'February' Mac Macᵓ 'March' Epiril Epirilᵒ 'April' Mey Meyᵒ 'May' Jun Junᵒ 'June' Julay Julayᵒ 'July' tsol tsol 'bee-eater' tsowir tsowir 'speckled mousebird' tsor tsɔr 'baboon' zin zɨn 'zebra' tufereƙ tʉfɛrɛƙᵃ 'black-jack' xuxub xuxubᵃ 'forest dombeya' tsitsin tsɨtsɨn 'dipping stick' watsʼw watsʼwᵃ 'rock-crevice beehive' tsʼe tsʼɛ 'skin' tsorit tsoritᵃ 'blood vessel' Recent past Recent past intentional 1SG 'I' fútíà nàkᵃ fútésíá nàkᵃ 2SG 'you' fútídà nàkᵃ fútésídà nàkᵃ
Orthography Development for the Standardization of Bhujel: Issues and Approaches
JODEM ( Journal of the Department of English), Vol. 3, pp. 1-8, 2011
This paper attempts to examine the issues and approaches to orthography development for the standardization of Bhujel, a preliterate language. Bhujel, natively referred to as puk'gyal yur. (puk'gyal 'Bhujel' and yur language'), along with Hayu and other Kiranti languages, is one of the east Himalayish languages of Himalayish section of the Bodic branch of Tibeto-Burman language family (Regmi, 2007). Ît is an endangered language spoken by 10,733 (.e. 9.196) of the 1. 17.664 ethnic Bhujel (Gurung et al., 2006) However, this language is actually spoken by an estimated 3,923 of 5418 (i.e.72.4%) ethnic Bhujel, most of them living along the Mahabharata mountain range of Tanahun District of Nepal. Presently, they are also