Radionuclide Actions, Processes and Presence in Water and Sediments, a Review (original) (raw)
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Human Exposure to the Artificial Radionuclides in Environment
Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation, 2012
Artificial radionuclides are product of different human activities and their presence in the environment is negative side effect of civilization progress. They have been spread in the environment by events such as nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents and by deliberate and negligent discharge of radioactive waste from nuclear and other installation. Once released in to the nature, the artificial radionuclides start to circle in the same manner as naturally occurring ones, and finally they fall out from air and water onto the ground and build into the foodstuff and drinking water resulting in radiation doses to human beings. The short overview of presence of artificial radioactivity in human environment and its impact on human life is presented in this paper
2014
This study is to determine naturally occurring radionuclide activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K in sediment core using gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Sediment core was taken from 14 locations in two areas in Kuala Selangor which are Pantai Remis and Pantai Jeram. Samples were taken during Northeast Monsoon in January and March 2011. 40 K was measured via its 1460 keV energy peak, 226 Ra (of the 238 U) and 228 Ra (of the 232 Th) through their γ-ray lines 609.3 keV (214 Bi) and 911.1 keV (228 Ac). The mean activity concentration of 226 Ra in Pantai Remis is 37.49±1.38 Bq/kg and ranged between 19.44-55.74 Bq/kg. For 228 Ra the activity concentration ranged between 40.75-82.23 Bq/kg with a mean value of 58.64±2.60 Bq/kg; and that of 40 K from 206.53-398.30Bq/kg with a mean of 316.95 ± 10.88 Bq/kg. Meanwhile the mean activity concentration of 226 Ra in Pantai Jeram is 32.35±1.27 Bq/kg and ranged between 21.28-38.67 Bq/kg. For 228 Ra the activity concentration ranged between 34.25-106.72 Bq/kg with a mean value of 57.96±2.55Bq/kg; and that of 40 K from 246.12-394.53 Bq/kg with a mean of 325.14±10.87 Bq/kg. Different vertical profile of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K activity concentration observed between sampling locations might due to the sediment mineralogy, source of radioactivity, geochemistry of the area and oceanic process. Plus, smaller 228 Ra/ 226 Ra activity ratio range suggests that interaction on these two series with the surrounding were very similar. Value of study radionuclides in present study were almost comparable with study done in other part in Malaysia. Moreover, world mean value of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K provided by UNSCEAR (1993) fall within the value range of radionuclides in present study.
Measurement of Radionuclide Concentration in Some Water Resources in Markazi Province, Iran
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 2016
Introduction Natural and artificial radionuclides are the main sources of human radiation exposure. These radionuclides, which are present in the environment, can be dissolved into water. Evidence suggests that radionuclides being entered the human body through drinking or hot spring water can be harmful for human health. Materials and Methods In this study,10 samples were collected from ground water resources of Arak, one sample from the surface water of Kamal-Saleh Dam, and four samples from the hot springs of Mahallat region. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were determined in the samples, using gamma ray spectrometry and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Results Specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs were determined in the water samples. The mean 226Ra activity concentrations in drinking water samples from Aman Abad, Mobarak Abad, and Taramazd wells were 7.65±1.64, 1.56±1.04, and 1.45±1.39 Bq/l, while the corresponding values for 232Th ...
2018
Authors attempt to depict a survey of anthropogenic 137Cs and naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Th, 232Th, 214Bi, 208TI, 40K) in undistributed soil, water, ship scrapped materials such as metal, rubber and foam and tree bark of ship breaking area, cynoglossids i.e. tongue soles and tea leaves collected from different parts of Bangladesh for detecting health hazards, environmental protection and radiation safety of the public. The assessment of such radionuclides in these samples is utmost important due to nuclear test and accident, fallout and disposal of radioactive wastes. These radiotracers have been investigated by using laboratory-based Gamma Spectrometry for Food and Environmental Samples. The observation of activity concentrations for 137Cs, 226Ra, 228Th,232Th, 214Bi, 208TI and 40K have been presented in Bq.Kg-1. The others radiological parameters such as gamma ray dose rate (nGyh-1), Radium Equivalent Dose (Raeq) Bq.Kg-1, Representative Level Index (lr) Bq.Kg-1 and Transfer Factor (TF) %. The Radiation Hazard Index (Hx) Bq.Kg-1 also has been presented.
An estuary is an area that has a free connection with the open sea and it is a dynamic semi-enclosed coastal bodies. Ex-mining, aquaculture and industrial areas in Selangor are the sources of pollutants discharged into the estuary water. Radionuclides are considered as pollutants to the estuary water. Gamma radiations emitted by natural radionuclides through their decaying process may give impact to human. The radiological effect of natural radionuclides which are 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 40 K, 238 U and 232 Th, were explored by determining the respective activity concentrations in filtered water along the Langat estuary, Selangor. Meanwhile, in-situ water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolve oxygen (DO), salinity, total suspended solid (TSS), pH and turbidity were measured by using YSI portable multi probes meter. The activity concentration of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K were determined by using gamma-ray spectrometry with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K in samples are in the range of 0.17 -0.67 Bq/L, 0.16 -0.97 Bq/L and 1.22 -5.57 Bq/L respectively. On the other hand, the concentrations of uranium-238 and thorium-232 were determined by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRF). The thorium concentrations are between 0.17 ppm to 0.28 ppm and uranium concentrations were 0.25 ppm to 0.31 ppm. The results show activity concentrations of radionuclides are slightly high near the river estuary. The Radium Equivalent, Absorbed Dose Rate, External Hazard Index, and Annual Effective Dose of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K are also studied.
Periódico Tchê Química, 2020
The population of the Earth is exposed to external and internal radiation every day. Radiation doses differ over a wide range of cosmic radiation levels and the content of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Ionizing radiation and radionuclides of natural and artificial origin inevitably causes exposure, increasing the probability of adverse health effects. Suppose the dose of radiation is low and is exposed for a long period of time (low power). In that case, the risk is significantly reduced, since the likelihood of repair of damaged tissues increases. However, there is a risk of long-term consequences, such as cancer, which can manifest in years or even decades. The paper aims to research the natural factors in the formation of radioactivity in the natural waters of Northern Kazakhstan and assess waterrelated doses to the population. The leading research methods for this issue are radiometric and radiochemical methods...
Toxicity of Radionuclides in Determining Harmful Effects on Humans and Environment
All chemical elements and nuclides consolidated in system of elements on a base of periodic law. Nuclides are similar in texture, have a charge and an atomic weight etc. But some of them inherent property of radioactivity. Such elements and nuclides called radionuclides. Chemical elements and their compounds (substances) can negative impact on living organisms and ecosystems. Science of toxicology studies poisonous substances and their potential dangerous, mechanism of action of toxic substations, methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. One aspect of development of this science, in context of dangerous of radionuclides, is radiotoxicology.