Comparison of propofol-based versus volatile-based anaesthesia and postoperative sedation in cardiac surgical patients: a prospective, randomized, study (original) (raw)
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† Considerable preclinical and clinical evidence supports cardioprotection by volatile anaesthetics in cardiac surgery. † This possibility was tested in high-risk cardiac surgery patients by comparing sevoflurane anaesthesia with propofol total i.v. anaesthesia. † There was no significant difference between groups in the composite endpoint of intensive care unit stay and death at 30 days or 1 yr. Background. The effect of anaesthesia on postoperative outcome is unclear. Cardioprotective properties of volatile anaesthetics have been demonstrated experimentally and in haemodynamically stable patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Their effects in patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery have not been reported. Methods. We performed a multicentre, randomized, parallel group, controlled study among patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery (combined valvular and coronary surgery) in 2008-2011. One hundred subjects assigned to the treatment group received sevoflurane for anaesthesia maintenance, while 100 subjects assigned to the control group received propofol-based total i.v. anaesthesia. The primary outcome was a composite of death, prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, or both. Thirty day and 1 yr follow-up, focused on mortality, was performed. Results. All 200 subjects completed the follow-up and were included in efficacy analyses, conducted according to the intention-to-treat principle. Death, prolonged ICU stay, or both occurred in 36 out of 100 subjects (36%) in the propofol group and in 41 out of 100 subjects (41%) in the sevoflurane group; relative risk 1.14, 95% confidence interval 0.8-1.62; P¼0.5. No difference was identified in postoperative cardiac troponin release [1.1 (0.7-2) compared with 1.2 (0.6-2.4) ng ml 21 , P¼0.6], 1 yr all-cause mortality [11/100 (11%) compared with 11/100 (11%), P¼0.9], re-hospitalizations [20/89 (22.5%) compared with 11/89 (12.4%), P¼0.075], and adverse cardiac events [10/89 (11.2%) compared with 9/89 (10.1%), P¼0.8]. Conclusions. There was no observed beneficial effect of sevoflurane on the composite endpoint of prolonged ICU stay, mortality, or both in patients undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery.
Volatile Anesthetics versus Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
New England Journal of Medicine
BACKGROUND Volatile (inhaled) anesthetic agents have cardioprotective effects, which might improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS We conducted a pragmatic, multicenter, single-blind, controlled trial at 36 centers in 13 countries. Patients scheduled to undergo elective CABG were randomly assigned to an intraoperative anesthetic regimen that included a volatile anesthetic (desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane) or to total intravenous anesthesia. The primary outcome was death from any cause at 1 year. RESULTS A total of 5400 patients were randomly assigned: 2709 to the volatile anesthetics group and 2691 to the total intravenous anesthesia group. On-pump CABG was performed in 64% of patients, with a mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass of 79 minutes. The two groups were similar with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline, the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and the number of grafts. At the time of the second interim analysis, the data and safety monitoring board advised that the trial should be stopped for futility. No significant difference between the groups with respect to deaths from any cause was seen at 1 year (2.8% in the volatile anesthetics group and 3.0% in the total intravenous anesthesia group; relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.29; P = 0.71), with data available for 5353 patients (99.1%), or at 30 days (1.4% and 1.3%, respectively; relative risk, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.76), with data available for 5398 patients (99.9%). There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the secondary outcomes or in the incidence of prespecified adverse events, including myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS Among patients undergoing elective CABG, anesthesia with a volatile agent did not result in significantly fewer deaths at 1 year than total intravenous anesthesia.
Volatile Anesthetics Reduce Mortality in Cardiac Surgery
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 2009
Objectives: A recent meta-analysis suggested that volatile anesthetics reduce postoperative mortality after cardiac surgery. Nonetheless, whether volatile anesthetics improve the outcome of cardiac surgical patients is still a matter of debate. The authors investigated whether the use of volatile anesthetics reduces mortality in cardiac surgery.
Contemporary clinical trials, 2017
There is initial evidence that the use of volatile anesthetics can reduce the postoperative release of cardiac troponin I, the need for inotropic support, and the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalization following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Nevertheless, small Randomized Controlled Trials have failed to demonstrate a survival advantage. Thus, whether volatile anesthetics improve the postoperative outcome of cardiac surgical patients remains uncertain. An adequately powered randomized controlled trial appears desirable. Single blinded, international, multicenter randomized controlled trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Tertiary and University hospitals. Patients (n=10,600) undergoing coronary artery bypass graft will be randomized to receive either volatile anesthetic as part of the anesthetic plan, or total intravenous anesthesia. The primary end point of the study will be one-year mortality (any cause). Secondary endpoints will be 30-day mortality; 30-d...
Volatile Anaesthesia versus Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for Cardiac Surgery—A Narrative Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Recent research has contested the previously accepted paradigm that volatile anaesthetics improve outcomes in cardiac surgery patients when compared to intravenous anaesthesia. In this review we summarise the mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and cardioprotection in cardiac surgery. In addition, we make a comprehensive analysis of evidence comparing outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under volatile or intravenous anaesthesia, in terms of mortality and morbidity (cardiac, neurological, renal, pulmonary).
Role of Anaesthetic Choice in Improving Outcome after Cardiac Surgery
Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 2020
Clinical background Volatile anaesthetics (VAs) have been shown to protect cardiomyocytes against ischaemia and reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery. Clinical problems VAs have been shown in multiple trials and meta-analyses to be associated with better outcomes when compared to intravenous anaesthesia in cardiac surgery. However, recent data from a large randomised controlled trial do not confirm the superiority of VA as compared to total intravenous anaesthesia in this population. Review objectives This mini review presents the VA cardioprotective effects, their clinical use in cardiac surgery and the most recent evidence that compares VA to intravenous anaesthesia for reducing perioperative morbidity. At present, there is no clear superiority of VA over intravenous anaesthesia in improving the outcome after cardiac surgery.
Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 2013
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the myocardial protective effect of volatile agents-sevoflurane and desflurane versus total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol in offpump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) by measuring cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) as a marker of myocardial cell death. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 139 patients scheduled to undergo elective OPCAB surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to receive anesthesia with sevoflurane, desflurane or TIVA with propofol. The cTnT levels were measured preoperatively, at arrival in postoperative intensive care unit, at 8, 24, 48 and 96 hours thereafter. Results: The changes in cTnT levels at all time intervals were comparable in the three groups. Conclusion: The study did not reveal any difference in myocardial protection after OPCAB with either sevoflurane or desflurane or TIVA using propofol as assessed by measuring serial cTnT values.
Cardioprotection with Volatile Anesthetics: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 2005
Cardiac surgery and some noncardiac procedures are associated with a significant risk of perioperative cardiac morbid events. Experimental data indicate that clinical concentrations of volatile general anesthetics protect the myocardium from ischemia and reperfusion injury, as shown by decreased infarct size and a more rapid recovery of contractile function on reperfusion. These anesthetics may also mediate protective effects in other organs, such as the brain and kidney. Recently, a number of reports have indicated that these experimentally observed protective effects may also have clinical implications in cardiac surgery. However, the impact of the use of volatile anesthetics on outcome measures, such as postoperative mortality and recovery in cardiac and noncardiac surgery, is yet to be determined.