Effects of Paenibacillus xylanexedens on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli K88 (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition, 2013
SummaryThe aim of the present experiment was to examine the influence of feeding diets containing a probiotic containing three Bacillus subtilis strains or zinc bacitracin (BMD) on bird performance, intestinal mucosa-associated avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), intestinal morphology and litter water-soluble phosphorus (WSP) of broilers fed corn-based diets. Three treatments were employed, either a control diet; the control diet supplemented with probiotic at 7.5 × 104 colony forming units (cfu) /g of feed or the supplemented with BMD (50g/tonne feed). Broiler starter and finisher diets, based on corn and soybean meal, were formulated and fed ad libitum to seven pens of 50 male broilers per treatment from days 1 to 42. During the 1-35 d periods, feed intake and weight gain were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments, but probiotic supplementation improved (P < 0.05) 35-d FCR compared to the control and BMD-supplemented diets (1.395, 1.447 and 1.484, respectivel...
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
| Antibiotic overuse, which disturbs poultry's natural gut flora and fuels the growth of microbial resistance, is now raising concerns for human health. As a result, using antibiotics is swiftly overshadowed by alternatives in order to minimize any lasting effects, combat microbial resistance, and preserve productivity. The study was aimed to investigate the influence of a prebiotic (PB), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) enriched with β-glucans, and an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal microbial load, and immune response in broiler chickens. A total of 450 Cobb-500 unsexed DOCs were divided in response to the treatment into broilers fed a control diet (no additives), control supplemented with PB (100 g/100 kg feed), or control supplemented with AGP (Lincomycin 2.2%, 15 g/100 kg feed), having six replications in each treatment (25 birds per replication). Growth parameters were recorded. On days 22 and 34, HI antibody titer was determined against Newcastle disease (ND) and ELISA was performed for Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). On day 35, birds were sacrificed to determine carcass yield and harvest intestinal contents for microbial and histomorphological examination. Live weights and live weight gains were higher (p = 0.05) in PB and AGP groups with the lowest feed intake in AGP (p =0.05). AGP-fed birds had better uniformity than the birds reared on the control diet and this result was similar to that of PB-fed birds. The treated groups had higher dressing yields (p = 0.01). Breast meat yield was increased in the PB-fed group (p = 0.01), with a reduction of abdominal fat (p = 0.01). The duodenal total viable count (TVC) was higher (p = 0.05) in AGPtreated birds. Total E. coli count (TEC) in the duodenum, ileum, and caecum decreased (p = 0.01) in the PB-fed birds. Antibody titer increased significantly (p < 0.05) with PB supplementation in both collections against ND and IBD. Villi length increased (p = 0.05) in the PB-fed group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MOS enriched with β-glucans may be considered as a performance enhancer, reducing the pathogenic bacteria load, and boosting the immune response. PB may be a suitable alternative to AGP.
The effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (oxytetracycline), a probiotic, a mycotoxin binder, and a mixture of the probiotic and mycotoxin binder on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and gut morphology were examined in two hundred and forty 1-d-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks. They were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicate groups of 8 birds each. A corn-soyabean-based diet was formulated to serve as the basal diet (negative control, NC) at both starter and grower phases. The basal diet+antibiotic was the positive control (PC). The other test diets were basal diet+1.0% probiotics (PB), basal diet+0.05% mycotoxin binder (MB), and basal diet+1.0% PB and 0.05% MB. Body weight gain (BWG), feed and dry matter intake were significantly (P<0.05) improved in birds fed the PB and MB diets over the NC diet but not up to the PC diet at starter phase only. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was not influenced by dietary treatments at both starter and grower phases but gain: feed (G: F) was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments at 0 to 35 d, with improved G: F observed in birds fed NC+MB and NC+PB+MB diets. Weight of pancreas was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in birds fed diets supplemented with MB, PB and PB+MB over the controls. The villus height of birds fed NC+PB was significantly (P<0.05) improved than other dietary treatments, while the crypt depth of birds fed NC+PB and NC+MB was significantly (P<0.05) improved over the controls and NC+PB+MB diets. Microflora count in the gut sections showed significant (P<0.05) increase in coliform load in the duodenum, ileum and caecum in birds fed NC diet. However, in the ileum, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in LAB in birds on NC+PB diet.
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
The study evaluated the growth performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, intestinal microbial count, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with antibiotics (neomycin, and oxytetracycline), and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). One hundred and twenty Abor acre broiler chicks randomly alloted to four treatment groups (30 birds/group; 10 birds/replicate) were used in the 49 days study. Group one (G 1, control) were fed basal diet while G 2, 3, and 4 received basal diet containing S. cerevisiae (0.80g/kg; 108cfu/g), neomycin (0.50g/kg) and oxytetracycline (0.30g/kg), respectively. Results showed significant treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, linear body values, some haematological indices, intestinal, caecal and combined caecal and intestinal bacteria counts, diameter of E. coli inhibition zone, and mortality. Body weight and feed intake were significantly higher in the supplemented groups. Inte...
Archives Animal Breeding, 2010
The trial involved 684 Cobb 500 broiler chicks in order to investigate the effects of probiotics and phytogenic additives on performance, gut morphology and cecal microbial concentrations. Birds were assigned to three treatments: control feed, treatment with addition of probiotics in feed and water and treatment with addition of phytogenic blend in feed. The results showed a significant improvement (P<0.01) in body weight gain and a numerical, but non significant (P>0.05) improvement in feed conversion ratio by adding both probiotics and phytogenics in feed. There were no statistically significant differences among treatments regarding total aerobes, anaerobes, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, enterococci, and Escherichia coli populations (P>0.05) in cecum of broilers. The gut morphology examination showed that probiotics had beneficial effect on jejunum morphology causing a significant (P<0.005) increase in villus height and villus surface area compared to other two groups. On the other hand, phytogenic additive had no effect (P>0.05) on villus height or villus surface area, but reduced the villus/crypt ratio (P<0.05), which may indicate that the improved production results in the group with added phytogenics are not directly connected with changes in gut integrity, but with other physiological mechanisms.
This study assessed the effects of 3 commercial organic acid (OA) preparations on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microbiology , and immunity of Escherichia coli K88-challenged (ETEC) broiler chickens. One thousand one-day-old male broiler chickens were divided into 8 treatments of 5 replicate pens: Negative control (NC) birds received a basal diet (BD) and were not challenged with ETEC; positive control (PC) birds fed the BD and challenged with ETEC; BD + 0.2% (S1) or 0.4% (S2) of an OA mixture (Salkil) from one to 35 d; BD + 0.1, 0.075, and 0.05% (O1) of another OA mixture (Optimax) in the starter (one to 10 d), grower (11 to 24 d), and fin-isher (25 to 35 d) diets, respectively, or 0.1% (O2) from one to 35 d; BD + 0.07, 0.05, and 0.05% (P1) or 0.1, 0.07, and 0.05% (P2) of a further OA mixture (pHorce) in the starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively. All groups (not NC) were challenged with one mL of ETEC (1 × 10 8 cfu/mL) at 7 d of age. The 3 OA mixtures are commercial formic and propionic acid preparations. Birds challenged with ETEC (PC) had reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance, ileal morphological parameters (not crypt depth, which was increased), cecal lactobacilli, and immune responses, and increased ce-cal E. coli compared with unchallenged, NC birds. The addition of OA to the diets of ETEC challenged birds (S1-P2) either numerically or significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance, ileal morphology and immune responses, increased cecal lactobacilli, and reduced cecal E. coli. For most OA additions, the assessed parameters were generally enhanced to equivalence to NC birds. The results suggest that dietary OA supplementation can enhance the growth performance, ileal morphology, cecal microbiota, and immunity of ETEC-challenged broilers to an extent that, under such circumstances, the formulations used in this study provided similar performance and assessed parameters as non-challenged birds.
The effect of a non-antibiotic growth-promoting component composed of natural phytomolecules, direct-fed microbials, glucomannan oligosaccharides, and organic acids on the performance, intestinal morphology and microbiology, plasma biochemistry, enzyme activities, visceral organ weights, and immune response of commercial broilers challenged with Escherichia coli was investigated. Three hundred and sixty one-day old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into basal diet (control, CON); control plus 0.5 mL of culture materials containing 10 8 cfu/mL of E. coli (E. coli); control with 400 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (an antibiotic growth promoter, AGP); control plus 1000 g/t of feed of a blended mixture of natural feed additives (NAT); combination of E. coli and AGP treatments (E. coli + AGP); or the combination of E. coli and NAT treatments (E. coli + NAT). E. coli injection decreased broiler performance by lowering body weight and increasing feed intake, whereas AGP and NAT treatments improved body weight and the feed efficiency when compared to the other groups. However, feed intake was not affected by treatment. Immune response also improved with the addition of NAT, compared with control. Blood biochemistry parameters were significantly affected by the treatments. Nutrient digestibilities were increased by AGP and NAT supplementation in E. coli-challenged groups. Both AGP and NAT significantly decreased E. coli and coliform numbers in ceca. Ileal villus height was not affected by treatment, but ileal crypt depth and goblet cell counts decreased in the NAT relative to control group. Antibiotic growth promoter was somewhat more effective in improving broiler growth and health characteristics than NAT, but since NAT generally improved broiler performance compared to the control group, it can be alternatively used as an alternative to AGP in commercial broiler production.
Poultry Science, 2010
This study was conducted to compare growth performance, gut mnorphometrv, and pararrieters of local and systemic immunity in broiler chickens fed for 22 consecutive days with a diet. supplemented with Bacillus spp. as direct-fed uiicrohials (DFM), a commercial product incorporating 3 DEW. or a nonsupplemented diet. Direct-fed Inicrobials did not significantiv modify 13W gain and most failed to affect seruin antibod y levels iii response to immunization with a recombinant Eirneria protein. However, altered intestinal morphometric measurements were readily apparent in DFM-fed chickens as revealed by increased villus height and crypt depth compared with non-MI-fed controls. In addition, serum levels of a-1-acid glycoprotei as an inflammatory marker were reduced in DFMfed birds, whereas splemnc lymphocyte proliferation, intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte subpopufat ions, and cy tokine mRNA levels in intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased, decreased, or unchanged compared with controls depending on the DFM used. These results provide a rational scientific basis for future studies to investigate DFM as imrmiriornodulatiig agents to en hance host protective immunity against enteric pathogens in broiler chickens.
Avian Pathology, 2014
In this study, the effect of probiotic supplementation via drinking water or feed on the performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina (5 × 10 4), Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella (2 × 10 4 each one) at 14 days of age was evaluated. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were separated into eight equal groups with three replicates. Two of the groups, one infected with mixed Eimeria oocysts and the other not, were given a basal diet and served as controls. The remaining groups were also challenged with mixed Eimeria species and received the basal diet and either water supplemented with probiotic (three groups) or probiotic via feed (two groups); the probiotic used consisted of Enterococcus faecium #589, Bifidobacterium animalis #503 and Lactobacillus salivarius #505 at a ratio of 6:3:1. Probiotic supplementation was applied either via drinking water in different inclusion rates (groups W1, W2 and W3) or via feed using uncoated (group FN) or coated strains (group FC). The last group was given the basal diet supplemented with the anticoccidial lasalocid at 75 mg/kg. Each experimental group was given the corresponding diet or drinking water from day 1 to day 42 of age. Throughout the experimental period of 42 days, body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly and feed conversion ratios were calculated. Seven days after infection, the infected control group presented the lowest weight gain values, while probiotics supplied via feed supported growth to a comparable level with that of the lasalocid group. Probiotic groups presented lesion score values and oocyst numbers that were lower than in control infected birds but higher than in the lasalocid group. In the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the highest villous height values were presented by probiotic groups. In conclusion, a mixture of probiotic substances gave considerable improvement in both growth performance and intestinal health in comparison with infected control birds and fairly similar improvement to an approved anticoccidial during a mixed Eimeria infection.