Study of Cranial Capacity among Igbo Adolescents in Southeastern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Assessment of the relationship between cranial capacity and intelligent quotient
2020
Background: Craniometric study is an important fraction of anthropometry that can be employed in the determination of cranial capacity of an individual. It indirectly reflects the volume of the brain and predicts mental ability. The aim of this research is to asses, compare and contrast sexual dimorphism in craniometric parameters and its relationship to intelligence, among Igbos resident in Enugu state. Materials and method: Two hundred and seventy-five (275) persons (148 males 127 females) aged 16-34 years were randomly selected. Cranial dimensions (cranial length, width and height) and weight and height of the individuals were taken and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and chi square test of independence. Result: Cranial capacity has no significant correlation with intelligence quotient for all subjects (p>0.05). The male subjects in our cohort were observed to have higher cranial length, breadth, height, cranial capacity and intelligence quotient than the females. Conclusion: Findings from this study show that sexual dimorphism exists in craniometric parameters and there is no significant relationship between craniometric parameters and intelligence quotient among Igbos resident in Enugu metropolis. The findings from this study could aid forensic facial reconstruction and portrait sculpture. Hence, it would be found useful by the maxillofacial and plastic surgeons and even forensic experts.
The cranial capacity of 527 living subjects (269 males and 268 females) between the ages of 14 -20 years old of the Ogidi community of Anambra state of Nigeria were determined. Maximum head width was measured using spreading caliper. Auricular height was measured using auricular head spanner. Maximum head height was measured using measuring tape. Weight was measured using weighing scale. Height was measured using measuring rod in meter. The results showed the mean and standard deviation of cranial capacity of males; 1410.832± 162.405cc and that of females; 1443.212 ± 154.283cc. The difference was significant (p<0.05) this investigation shows that cranial capacity is slightly higher in females than in males among adolescent Ogidi's. A positive correlation was found between cranial capacity and age, body weight, body height, and BMI. This result shows variation from the result obtained by similar studies in the south-East of Caspian Sea boarder (North of Iran), Asia were cranial capacity is higher in males. The difference is due to racial factors.
A Cross-sectional Anthropometric Study of Cranial Capacity among Ukwuani People of South Nigeria
Background: Cranial capacity is used as a measure of brain volume and has a relationship with age and gender. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data and population-, age-and gender-specific regression formulae related to cranial capacity using head dimensions among the Ukwuani people of Nigeria. Methods: This study included 605 subjects grouped according to age as follows: 6–12 years, 13–19 years and ≥20 years. A cross-sectional study design using multistage sampling technique was adopted. Head length, head width, and auricular head height were measured in centimetres using a spreading caliper, and cranial capacity was calculated. The data were analysed using SPSS 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. A t-test was used to identify significant gender differences. Regression analyses were performed to derive age-, gender-and population-specific models. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In all the parameters, males had significantly higher values than females (P < 0.05). The mean (SD) cranial capacity values at 6–12 years, 13–19 years and ≥20 years were 1176.95 (98.35) cc, 1288.59 (113.21) cc and 1408.90 (116.44) cc, respectively. Conclusions: All the parameters exhibited sexual dimorphism. Cranial capacity was found to increase with age. The models derived in this work will be relevant to population and growth studies as well as forensic anthropology.
A Cross-sectional Anthropomic Study of Cranial Capacity among Ukwuani People of South Nigeria
Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016
Background: Cranial capacity is used as a measure of brain volume and has a relationship with age and gender. The purpose of this study was to provide normative data and population-, age-and gender-specific regression formulae related to cranial capacity using head dimensions among the Ukwuani people of Nigeria. Methods: This study included 605 subjects grouped according to age as follows: 6-12 years, 13-19 years and ≥20 years. A cross-sectional study design using multistage sampling technique was adopted. Head length, head width, and auricular head height were measured in centimetres using a spreading caliper, and cranial capacity was calculated. The data were analysed using SPSS 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. A t-test was used to identify significant gender differences. Regression analyses were performed to derive age-, gender-and population-specific models. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: In all the parameters, males had significantly higher values than females (P < 0.05). The mean (SD) cranial capacity values at 6-12 years, 13-19 years and ≥20 years were 1176.95 (98.35) cc, 1288.59 (113.21) cc and 1408.90 (116.44) cc, respectively. Conclusions: All the parameters exhibited sexual dimorphism. Cranial capacity was found to increase with age. The models derived in this work will be relevant to population and growth studies as well as forensic anthropology.
Middle East Journal of Scientific Research
Intelligence quotient (IQ) is widely used to assess different aspects of mental ability. Development in mental ability initiates from conception and continues through adulthood. Various environmental factors affect IQ. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between IQ and environmental characteristics on cranial capacity in children and adolescents in Malaysia. This cross sectional study was performed on primary and secondary school students in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Students, who were aged between 6 to 16 years and did not have any mental or physical disabilities, participated in this study. Measurements including weight, height, body mass index and cephalometry were performed for each subject. The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-second edition (WASI-II) questionnaire was used for each subject to evaluate the subtests of IQ. A total of 419 subjects with the mean age of 12.51 ± 2.82 years had participated in this study. Boys were taller (p=0.04), had hig...
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Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2014
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Head Size and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in Elementary School Students
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Superficially, Intelligence is an ability to planning, thinking, talking, rationalization, comparing, and understand with other. One of many methods to rate for intelligence, is Draw-A-Man test, it’s introduced by Goodenough in 1926 to researching children’s creativity, mental age, and visual and motoric intelligence with some code based on picture that the children drawed. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between head circumference and head length with Intelligence Quotient of the 3rd grade Karang Mekar 1 Banjarmasin elementary school’s student. The methodsof this study used observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was total sampling with a sample of 65 students aged 7 to 10 years and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of data analysis using the Spearman correlation test showed that the correlation point on the head circumference and head length with IQ were p=0.888 and p=0.985. Based on the resu...
International Journal of Research, 2014
Head circumference inter-orbital index is an important parameter in craniofacial anthropometry. The knowledge of its normal values for a particular region can be used in the treatment of certain craniofacial abnormalities. This study was conducted in Otolo, Okofia, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of 349 (175females and 174males) adult Igbo’s between the ages of 19-29years selected for the study. The ages were grouped as follows: 19-22years (167 subjects, 47.85%), 23-26years (125 subjects, 35.81%) and 27-29 years (57 subjects, 16.33%). They were made up of Igbo origins. The inner canthal distance (ICD) and head circumferences (HC) of the subjects were measured using standard anthropometric methods and head circumference inter-orbital index calculated as ICD/HCx100. The result obtained showed that Igbo females had a head circumference inter-orbital index of 10.49 while the males had head circumference inter-orbital index of 10.62. Statistical observation showed that the males had a significantly higher (P>0.05) head circumference inter-orbital index than the females. Thus head circumference inter-orbital index was sexually dimorphic.