Dietary Patterns Associated with Abnormal Glucose Tolerance following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The MyNutritype Study (original) (raw)
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PubMed, 2012
Introduction: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) are at increased risk of future glucose intolerance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the associated antenatal and historical risk factors among women with PGDM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed in a cohort of multiethnic women with PGDM. Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, fasting lipid profile and blood pressure were obtained. Data pertaining to the index gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were obtained from medical records and interviews. Results: 448 women were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM was 26.2% and 35.5%, respectively. On multinomial logistic regression analysis, fasting plasma glucose at diagnosis of index GDM and duration lapse after index GDM were shown to be significantly higher in women with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), combined IFG/impaired glucose tolerance and T2DM, as compared to women with normal glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). 2-hour plasma glucose at diagnosis of index GDM was significantly higher only in women who progressed to T2DM when compared to those that remained normal glucose tolerant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, duration lapse after index GDM, fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour plasma glucose at diagnosis of index GDM were important risk factors for early identification of women at high risk for future glucose intolerance. These may be useful for developing potential preventive strategies.
Effect of Lifestyle and Diet on Gestational Diabetes GDM in South Asian Women a Systematic Review
Henry Publishing Groups, 2020
Background: Evidence suggests that all forms of diabetes are on the increase, especially Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), which increases the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidities. However, the global effect of diet (HA) and lifestyle (PA) of GDM in the South Asian (SA) population remain uncertain. The study aimed to examine the global burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in the SA population living in UK. Methods: A systematic review of the studies reporting the effect of diet and lifestyle on pregnant women who were a high risk of GDM was conducted. Cochrane (Central), PubMed, Scopus, JBI, Medline, EMBASE and reference lists of retrieved studies were searched from inception to December 2019. Publications on the effect of diet and lifestyle on GDM in the SA population were included in the study. Studies were limited to the English language and women aged between 18 and above inclusive. Results: Though there are some studies on the management of GDM outside the UK covering from ethnic groups in the sample, in the context of UK there are not enough studies published to date. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included studies collectively reported GDM rates of 13,450 pregnant women immigrants from 9 countries. The diagnostic criteria used in the studies were the World Health Organisation (WHO) 1985 and 1999, International Association of Diabetes, Pregnancy Study Group (IAD-PSG), National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG), Carpenter-Coustan (C&C) and O'Sullivan's criteria. Of 12 studies presented, 2 indicated diet restrictions specifically for SA GDM patients. 8 of the 12 studies showed physical activity in early pregnancy and post-operative monitoring and recommended food choices as well for the prevention of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Of the 12 studies reviewed, 2 indicated that dietary restrictions and physical activity through a smart phone APP is beneficial for reducing birth complications and T2DM in the near future. Conclusion: This review suggests that dietary restrictions (healthy eating) and mild to moderate physical activity pre-pregnancy and continued throughout could help prevent GDM. Evidence also suggested that SA women, especially immigrants, with a low level of knowledge, low awareness and education, a language barrier, and cultural practices are more at risk of GDM than immigrants and non-GDM women as well.
Association of food choices during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus
Clinical Diabetology, 2017
Introduction. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is continuously increasing worldwide. Nutritional factors are considered to play important role in GDM development. The aim of this pilot study was to assess a relationship between frequency of consuming particular foods and GDM. Also pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during gestation, maternal age, pregnancy week at the time of delivery, newborn birthweight, family history of diabetes, educational status and place of residence were included into analysis. Material and methods. Study group consisted of 25 women who developed GDM, while control group consisted of 25 age-matched women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during gestation. All study participants completed the food frequency questionnaire with additional socio-demographic, anthropometric and pregnancy course data. Results. Women with GDM significantly more frequent consumed white bread, white rice, sausages/frankfurters and fast-foods, while they significantly ...
International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2014
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of low glycemic index (GI) dietary intervention for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), specifically from the Asian perspective. A systematic review of the literature using multiple databases without time restriction was conducted. Three studies were retrieved based upon a priori inclusion criteria. While there was a trend towards improvement, no significant differences were observed in overall glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in GDM women. However, a tendency for lower birth weight and birth centile if the intervention began earlier was noted. Low GI diets were well accepted and had identical macro-micronutrient compositions as the control diets. However, due to genetic, environment and especially food pattern discrepancies between Western countries and Asians, these results may not be contributed to Asian context. Clearly, there are limited studies focusing on the effect of low GI dietary intervention in women with GDM, particularly in Asia.
Malaysian journal of nutrition, 2013
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risks for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Low glycaemic index (GI) diets improve cardio-metabolic outcomes in insulin-resistant individuals. We examined the feasibility of lowering GI through GI-based-education among Asian post-GDM women. A 3-month investigation was carried out on 60 Malaysian women with a mean age of 31.0 +/- 4.5 years and a history of GDM. Subjects were randomised into two groups: LGIE and CHDR. The CHDR group received conventional healthy dietary recommendations only. The LGIE group received GI based-education in addition to conventional healthy dietary recommendations. At baseline and after 3-months, dietary intake of energy and macronutrient intakes including GI diet and glycaemic load was assessed using 3-day food records. Diabetes-Diet and GI-concept scores and physical activity levels were assessed using a questionnaire. Adherence to dietary instructions was measured at the end of 3 months. At the en...
Nutrition Journal
Background: Previous research has demonstrated the association between maternal dietary patterns and gestational diabetes (GDM), but evidence in Asian populations remains limited and inconsistent. This study investigated the association between dietary patterns during early pregnancy and the risk of GDM among pregnant women in Western China. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 1337 pregnant women in Western China. Dietary intakes were assessed at 15-20 weeks of gestation using a validated food frequency questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance tests at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns, and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and GDM. Results: A total of 199 women (14.9%) developed GDM. Three dietary patterns were identified, namely, a plant-based pattern, a meat-based pattern and a high protein-low starch pattern. Notwithstanding a lack of association between dietary patterns and GDM risk in the whole cohort, there was a significant reduction in GDM risk among overweight women (BMI ≥24 kg/m 2); the odds ratio being 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.94) when comparing the highest versus the lowest score of the high protein-low starch pattern. Conclusions: There was no significant association between early pregnancy dietary patterns and GDM risk later in pregnancy for women in Western China, but high protein-low starch diet was associated with lower risk for GDM among women who were overweight at pre-pregnancy.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
While it is known that women with a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (post-GDM) have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), evidence of lifestyle practices from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is still scarce. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with MetS in women post-GDM. This cross-sectional study involved 157 women post-GDM (mean age 34.8 ± 5.6 years) sampled from Selangor, Malaysia. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric history. Food intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis. MetS was diagnosed according to the 2009 Harmonized criteria. The prevalence of MetS in this study was 22.3%. Western dietary pattern consumption was correlated with MetS, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and triglyceride levels. Independent factors associated with MetS were lower education level (odds ratio, OR 4.017, p = 0.007), pre-p...
Interpretation of Modified Glucose Tolerance Test among Pregnant Malaysian Women
International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science, 2020
Aim: Is to find the mean and two standard deviation of the serum blood sugar among pregnant women while running the modified oral glucose tolerance test (MOGTT) as screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) & to compare the readings with other protocols adopted in diagnosing GDM. Method: A cross sectional study among pregnant women running routine MOGTT at 24-28 weeks’ gestation. A total of 149 women participated in 4 months period. The test included 5 ml of venous blood sample taken after fasting for 8 hours and a second blood sample 2 hours after having 200 ml of 75 g glucose solution within 10 minutes. Results: The mean for the fasting blood sugar is 4.32 mmol/L±0.52 making value of 2SD of 5.36 mmol/l. The mean of the 2 hours glucose level was 6.11mmol/l±1.38 making the 2SD value of 8.87 mmol/l. Conclusion: Our results for the 1st reading in MOGTT is near to the value of the local protocol in diagnosing GDM. The 2 hours postprandial reading in the local protocol is fairly ...
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2019
Background: It is suggested that combining healthy diet with physical activity during and before pregnancy have a significant effect on insulin sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and diet before and during pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetesmellitus (GDM). Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 173 women with GDM diagnosed during the pregnancy as the case group and 168 women with negative test for GDM as controls. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Dietary intake and physical activity data during pregnancy were collected using 24-hours food recall questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: Body mass index and the intake of refined sugars, fat dairy products, and fried foods were significantly higher and the intake of fruit and animal oil intake were significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group. However, there was not any significant association between the level of physical activity, vegetable intake, and total energy intake with the risk of GDM. Conclusions:According to the results of this study, dietary intake before and during the pregnancy have a critical effect on the risk of GDM. Appropriate dietary planning for pregnant women can reduce the risk of GDM.