Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Role of Obesity in the Development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2012
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine diseases that affects women in their reproductive age. PCOS has diverse clinical implications that include reproductive (infertility, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism), metabolic (insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases) and psychological features (increased anxiety, depression and worsened quality of life). The exact patho-physiology of PCOS is complex and remains largely unclear. The prevalence of PCOS is estimated at 4-18%, depending on diverse factors discussed ahead. The phenotype varies widely depending on life stage, genotype, ethnicity and environmental factors including lifestyle and body weight. During the last decades, obesity and excess weight are major chronic diseases all around the word. Obesity increases some features of PCOS such as hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, infertility and pregnancy complications. Both obesity and insulin resistance increase diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, obesity impairs insulin resistance and exacerbates reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. It is well known that obesity is associated with anovulation, pregnancy loss and late pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes). Obesity in PCOS is also linked to failure or delayed response to the various treatments including clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. It has been reported that, after losing as little as 5 % of initial body weight obese women with PCOS improved spontaneous ovulation rates and spontaneous pregnancy. Therefore, the weight loss prior to conception improves live birth rate in obese women with or without PCOS. The treatment of obesity may include lifestyle therapy (diet and exercise), pharmacological treatment and bariatric surgery. In summary, weight loss is considered the first-line therapy in obese women with PCOS. In the present review, the consequence and treatment of obesity in women with PCOS are discussed.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity: a modern paradigm
RUDN Journal of Medicine
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a heterogeneous endocrine disease that affects women of childbearing age. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome has not been fully studied to date, its paradigm considers the genetic determinism of the manifestation of hormonal and metabolic disorders, which are considered to be criteria for the verification of the disease (hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and/or polycystic ovarian transformation during ultrasound examination (ultrasound). This review discusses the main ways of interaction between hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and obesity and their role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome, as well as possible methods of treatment for this category of patients. The review analyzes the role of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in the implementation of the genetic scenario of polycystic ovary syndrome and finds out the reasons why women with polycystic ovary syndrome often demonstrate the presence of a «metabolic trio» -...
Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: what is the role of obesity?
Metabolism, 2004
Both obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are commonly seen in women of reproductive age. Fifty percent of all patients with PCOS are obese, and the presence of obesity affects the clinical manifestations of PCOS. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms appear to involve insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, the magnitude of which is greater in obese than in non-obese women with PCOS. Specific effects of obesity on the manifestations of PCOS, underlying mechanisms of the interactions between obesity and PCOS, and therapeutic implications of these interactions are discussed in this article.
The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the current research on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of the population. Despite its prevalence, PCOS remains largely under unknown. This review has been broken down into two separate chapters. The first is the pathogenesis and related health consequences of PCOS. This chapter focuses on the diagnosis of PCOS as well as the prevalence and incidence of the disease. It then delves into the pathogenesis with a focus on genetics, obesity, insulin resistance and birth weight. Lastly, the health consequences related to PCOS are discussed, with a focus on insulin resistance. The health outcomes reviewed include the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes mellitus. The second chapter is a comparison of drug therapies and lifestyle modifications used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome. A short discussion on combination therapy is also included. By focusing on insulin resistance in treatment, it is possible to manage many of the symptoms of PCOS solely through lifestyle modifications. Although many questions remain surrounding polycystic ovary syndrome, this article provides a summary of the current research.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Concerning Hormonal Condition and its Bodily Impact on Women
BioScientific Review
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder that have severe health consequences for women. It arises in the early puberty stage and affects a large percentage of the world’s population. While the exact cause is unknown, it’s known to cause hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and ovulatory dysfunction, all of which can lead to infertility and endometrial cancer. Long-term cardiometabolic risks and comorbidities are seen in both slim and obese PCOS patients. Given these serious implications, it’scritical to fully comprehend the pathophysiological relationships that underpin PCOS, so that better treatment plans can be developed and the standard of living for women having this condition may improve. This condition is diagnosed using three separate criteria. Rotterdam criterion is mostly utilized for PCOS diagnosis. Different symptoms of PCOS are treated in different ways. It’s imperative to comprehensively treat these patients as soon a...
Clinical medicine (London, England), 2015
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that typically develops in reproductive-age women. The cardinal clinical and biochemical characteristics of PCOS include reproductive dysfunction and hyperandrogenic features. PCOS is also strongly associated with obesity based on data from epidemiological and genetic studies. Accordingly, PCOS often becomes manifest in those women who carry a genetic predisposition to its development, and who also gain weight. The role of weight gain and obesity in the development of PCOS is mediated at least in part, through worsening of insulin resistance. Compensatory hyperinsulinaemia that develops in this context disrupts ovarian function, with enhanced androgen production and arrest of ovarian follicular development. Insulin resistance also contributes to the strong association of PCOS with adverse metabolic risk, including dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Conversely, modest weight loss of just 5% body weight with improvement ...
POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME IN WOMEN WITH OBESITY
Introduction: Obesity becomes a recent worldwide epidemic and it is close associated with PCOS. Currently there are not enough researches which can let to understand the interplay between PCOS and its features including anovulation and infertility and androgen status and obesity. The aim of the study was to identify relations between PCOS and obesity. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted for the period 2014-2016 and included 300 of patients with PCOS. The following categorical variables were studied: age, marital status, weight, BMI, family history, frequency of irregular periods, subfertility, hirsutism, acne, skin hyperpigmentation. The analyses were performed using the SPSS package version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results and conclusion: Current research showed that non-obese women with PCOS more often had family history of PCOS and were significantly more likely to have such symptoms as irregular menses, hirsutism, acne vulgaris and recurrent miscarriages than women with obesity and PCOS. However there is a need for more researches regarding to risk factors, etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS in order to identify the underlying causes.