Fluoride and endosulfan together potentiate cytogenetic effects in Swiss albino mice bone marrow cells (original) (raw)
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Fluoride
: In an in vivo genotoxicity investigation of the action of fluoride (F) on bone marrow cells, sodium fluoride (NaF) was administered through the drinking water of 2–3 month old Swiss albino mice for 30 days at lower (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/L) and higher concentrations (100 and 150 mg/L). Mitotic inhibition, chromosomal aberrations, and chromatid breaks were most pronounced in mice that received the relatively low dose of 15 mg NaF/L. The effects became obvious after the first week of treatment and were maximal after 3 months of sustained exposure. Chromosome aberrations induced by one month treatment with 15 mg NaF/L was significantly higher than those found with the 100 and 150 mg NaF/L concentrations. The total number of femur bone marrow cells remained unchanged in all the treatment groups except in the 150 mg NaF/L group, in which it declined significantly. F treatment did not elicit any change in the percentage of viable cells in the bone marrow. Depletion of S-phase fraction of b...
The genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of inorganic fluoride in cultured rat bone marrow cells
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1994
The effects of sodium and potassium fluoride (NaF and KF) at concentrations ranging from 10-7 tO 10-2 M for 12, 24, or 36 h on cultured rat bone marrow cells have been studied with respect to cytotoxicity an_d induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). At the three exposure times, cell survival progressively decreased with increasing concentrations. Treatment with 10-2 M fluoride resulted in a statistically significant death (62-65%) of cells. Similarly, no dividing cells were encountered at concentrations of 10-3 M and 10-2 M, and significant reductions in mitotic index (MI) were calculated at 10-4 M. In contrast, cell kinetics, expressed as cell proliferation index (CPI), revealed no significant inhibitory effect of fluoride on cell proliferation. Furthermore, the mean SCE score reached a maximum (7.64 SCE/cell) in the 24-h-treated cultures. This value was not significantly different from that observed in sodium chloride (NaC1) at 10-2 M (5.42 SCE/cell) and distilled water (4.86 SCE/cell) controls. In comparison, mitomycin-C (MMC, positive control) at 5 × 10-8 M caused an average of 22.13 SCE/cell. These results indicated an inhibition of cell division and death of cells with high doses of fluoride with no effect on SCE frequencies.
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2011
Treatment of mice with 15 mg l −1 sodium fluoride (NaF) for 30 days increased the number of cell death, chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and 'cells with chromatid breaks' (aberrant cells) compared with control. The present study was intended to determine whether the fluoride (F)-induced genotoxicity could be reduced by substituting high F-containing water after 30 days with safe drinking water, containing 0.1 mg F ions l −1 . A significant fall in percentage of CAs and aberrant cells after withdrawal of F-treatment following 30 days of safe water treatment in mice was observed which was highest after 90 days, although their levels still remained significantly high compared with the control group. This observation suggests that F-induced genotoxicity could be reduced by substituting high F-containing water with safe drinking water. Further study is warranted with different doses and extended treatment of safe water to determine whether the induced damages could be completely reduced or not.
Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2019
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the teratogenic and developmental toxicity of fluoride and endosulfan alone and in combination in pregnant Swiss albino mice exposed during the organogenetic period (5–14 days) of gestation. Fluoride (25.1 mg/kg body weight in water) and endosulfan (1.8 mg/kg bw by oral intubation) when administered alone and in combination (fluoride 25.1 mg/kg bw + endosulfan 1.8 mg/kg bw) to pregnant mice caused significant teratogenic effects in developing fetuses. There was no maternal mortality but significant decreases in maternal weight gain and numbers of live fetuses and significant increases in numbers of fetal resorption were recorded in the treated groups. The fetal body weight and litter size also decreased significantly in all treated groups. No external malformations were observed in any of the fetuses. The percent of visceral and skeletal anomalies increased in the fetuses of all treated groups. The fetal malformations observed were...
Fluoride does not induce DNA breakage in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro
Brazilian Oral Research, 2004
Fluoride has been widely used in dentistry because it is a specific and effective caries prophylactic agent. However, excess fluoride may represent a hazard to human health, especially by causing injury to genetic material. Genotoxicity tests represent an important part of cancer research to assess the risk of potential carcinogens. In the current study, the potential DNA damage associated with exposure to fluoride was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay in vitro. Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) at final concentration ranging from 7 to 100 µg/ml for 3 h, at 37°C. The results pointed out that NaF in all concentrations tested did not contribute to DNA damage as depicted by the mean tail moment and tail intensity. These findings are clinically important since they represent an important contribution to a correct evaluation of the potential health risk associated with the exposure to dental agents.
Putative mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by fluoride: a comprehensive review
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017
Genotoxicity is the ability of an agent to produce damage on the DNA molecule. Considering the strong evidence for a relationship between genetic damage and carcinogenesis, to elucidate the putative mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by fluoride are important to measure the degree of risk involved to human populations. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on genotoxicity induced by fluoride on the basis of its mechanisms of action. In the last 10 years, all published data showed some evidence related to genotoxicity, which is due to mitochondrial disruption, oxidative stress, and cell cycle disturbances. However, this is an area that still requires a lot of investigation since the published data are not sufficient for clarifying the genotoxicity induced by fluoride. Certainly, the new information will be added to those already established for regulatory purposes as a safe way to promote oral healthcare and prevent oral carcinogenesis.
Genotoxic effects of fluoride evaluated by sister-chromatid exchange
Mutation Research Letters, 1987
The purpose of this investigation was to study the genotoxic potential of fluoride (in the form of sodium fluoride, NaF) using in vitro and in vivo sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) assays with Chinese hamster cells. The NaF concentrations used in cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells ranged from 0 to 6.3 mM, both with and without 9activation.Fluorideanalysisoftheculturemediumdemonstratedthatitcontainedlittleindigenousfluoride,andtheconcentrationofaddedfluoridewasnotaffectedbythecomponentsofthemediumorthe9 activation. Fluoride analysis of the culture medium demonstrated that it contained little indigenous fluoride, and the concentration of added fluoride was not affected by the components of the medium or the 9activation.Fluorideanalysisoftheculturemediumdemonstratedthatitcontainedlittleindigenousfluoride,andtheconcentrationofaddedfluoridewasnotaffectedbythecomponentsofthemediumorthe9 mix. The CHO cells cultured in 6.3 mM NaF almost vanished, and at the concentration of 5.3 mM NaF in cultures without $9 microsome, only MI cells were observed. In in vivo studies, Chinese hamsters were intubated with NaF dosages of 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 60 and 130 mg/kg, and the bone marrow (CHBM) cells were examined for SCE frequencies. Bone fluoride data showed that the intubated NaF was effectively absorbed. Death occurred in 3 of the 8 animals given 130 mg NaF/kg. The results indicated that NaF, in dosages up to 5.3 mM in CHO cell cultures and 130 mg/kg in in vivo CHBM cells, did not significantly increase the SCE frequencies over those observed in the negative (distilled water) controls. However, examination of the cell cycle revealed an inhibitory effect of NaF on cell proliferation with doses of NaF at or greater than 1.0 mM in cultured CHO cells and at or greater than 60 mg NaF/kg in in vivo CHMB cells.
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2006
Fluoride has widely been used in Dentistry because it is a specific and effective caries prophylactic agent. However, excess fluoride may represent a hazard to human health, especially by causing injury on genetic apparatus. Genotoxicity tests constitute an important part of cancer research for risk assessment of potential carcinogens. In this study, the potential DNA damage associated with exposure to fluoride was assessed by the single cell gel (comet) assay in vitro. Mouse lymphoma and human fibroblast cells were exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) at final concentration ranging from 7 to 100 µg/mL for 3 h at 37ºC. The results pointed out that NaF in all tested concentrations did not contribute to DNA damage as depicted by the mean tail moment and tail intensity for both cellular types assessed. These findings are clinically important because they represent a valuable contribution for evaluation of the potential health risk associated with exposure to agents usually used in dental p...
The influence of sodium fluoride and sodium hexafluorosilicate on human leukemic cell lines
Fluoride, 2003
Although potential toxic effects of sodium fluoride on early progenitor and stem cells have been reported previously, surprisingly few investigations have examined the effects of fluoride on human leukemic cells. To address this need, four different human leukemic cell lines (HL-60, HEL, TF-1, and K562) were exposed to increasing levels (0, 0.24, and 1.19 mM F) of two forms of fluoride: sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na 2 SiF 6 ). Because of its widespread use in water fluoridation, Na 2 SiF 6 was investigated in addition to NaF. The early response effect of Na 2 SiF 6 was greater, and in several cases significantly greater, than NaF on clonogenic growth and the induction of apoptosis in all four cell lines. These findings show that human leukemic cells can be influenced and damaged by fluorine compounds.