Techno-economic analysis of single disinfection units and integrated disinfection systems for sewage effluent reclamation (original) (raw)
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Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future
Water, 2015
This paper provides an overview of the Special Issue on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future. The papers selected for publication include advanced wastewater treatment and monitoring technologies, such as membrane bioreactors, electrochemical systems; denitrifying biofilters, and disinfection technologies. The Issue also contains articles related to best management practices of biosolids, the influence of organic matter on pathogen inactivation and nutrient removal. Collectively, the Special Issue presents an evolution of technologies, from conventional through advanced, for reliable and sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse.
2005
Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands from population growth and industry expansion. In many arid and semiarid areas, providing the large volume of water required for industrial, agricultural, recreational, and potable applications is especially difficult. So, searching for "new" water sources is a task for researchers in the water works field. Municipal wastewater, which constitutes between 75 and 80% of consumed water in most cities, is one of the most reliable sources of water because its volume varies little throughout the year [1]. Through suitable treatment, reclaimed wastewater can meet various water quality requirements for potential wastewater reuse [2]. A wide variety of treatment technologies have been studied and developed for reclaiming secondary effluents, such as processes coupling, chemical oxidation, depth filtration, adsorption, air stripping, ion exchange, electrodialysis, surface filtration, chemical precipitation, and membrane processes [3]. Membrane treatment has increased in prevalence during recent years because it represents an alternative treatment that produces stable high water quality for compliance with stringent water quality regulations. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of secondary effluent with membrane processes. Ghayeni et al. [1] applied four different low operating pressure reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes [PVD and CTA from Hydranautics (San Diego, CA), TFCL from Koch membrane (San Diego, CA), and NF45 from FilmTech (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)], with MF pretreatment, to evaluate the high-quality production from secondary effluent. Results showed that the TFCL membrane was the most suitable membrane for treatment of secondary effluents because of its better rejection ability: a 99.2% rejection of conductivity, 100%
Recycling Wastewater with Membrane Technology and The Case of Singapore
Bitlis Eren üniversitesi fen bilimleri dergisi, 2023
As a result of the constantly increasing use of water in the world, countries have searched for alternatives to water resources and various studies have been carried out with the available opportunities. One of the studies carried out is the NEWater project on the treatment and reuse of wastewater in Singapore as drinking water. This project has been implemented in the country for 20 years and meets an average of 30% of the country's water needs. With this project, Singapore contributed to its transformation into a global hydroelectric power plant by pioneering innovative water treatment and technologies. However, in this model, the membranes used for wastewater treatment (forward, backward and pressure retarded osmosis and membrane bioreactors) are developed to use advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical methods to directly supply drinking water, especially in countries effort must be made.where water resources are insufficient, or to treat polluted water that causes disease and death. In this study, it is discussed through the NEWater application in Singapore that wastewater can be treated and reused with membrane technology.
Characterisation and assessment of water treatment technologies for reuse
Desalination, 2008
A key element in the Aquarec project is the development of a water treatment matrix in which wastewater treatment process schemes are categorized as a function of the raw wastewater quality and the reuse application. Starting point is the definition of reuse applications; municipal wastewater can be reused for an industrial, a domestic, a natural, and an agricultural purpose. Next step in building the treatment matrix is the construction of treatment trains. With existing primary, secondary and tertiary unit process operations numerous different treatment trains can be constructed. The EU directives discharge limits should be the starting point for further treatment of municipal wastewater for reuse. Therefore effluent will be the main primary source for wastewater reclamation in the short term. Based on this conclusion a set of typical or standard schemes was developed. The typical or standard schemes are illustrated by case studies. In the long term, schemes alternative to the traditional chain can become feasible options. One of the innovations is direct membrane filtration of raw wastewater. Other innovating technologies are advanced oxidation processes. The latter become more and more important since substances such as pesticides, endocrine disrupters, etc. are given priority.
Editorial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future
2016
This paper provides an overview of the Special Issue on Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future. The papers selected for publication include advanced wastewater treatment and monitoring technologies, such as membrane bioreactors, electrochemical systems; denitrifying biofilters, and disinfection technologies. The Issue also contains articles related to best management practices of biosolids, the influence of organic matter on pathogen inactivation and nutrient removal. Collectively, the Special Issue presents an evolution of technologies, from conventional through advanced, for reliable and sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse.
Optimisation of membrane technology for water reuse
2011
Increasing freshwater scarcity is making reclamation of wastewater effluent more economically attractive as a means of preserving freshwater resources. The use of an integrated membrane system (IMS), the combination of micro/ultra-filtration (MF/UF) followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, represents a key process for municipal wastewater reuse. A major drawback of such systems is the fouling of both the MF/UF and RO membranes. The water to be treated by the IMS system varies from one wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to another, and its fouling propensity changes correspondingly. It is thus preferable to conduct pilot trials before implementing a full-scale plant. This thesis aims to look at the sustainability of IMS technology dedicated to indirect potable reuse (IPR) in terms of fouling minimisation and cost via a 600 m 3 .d-1 pilot plant. Wastewater reuse plants, using IMS, as well as statistical methods for membrane optimisation were reviewed. Box-Behnken design was used to define optimum operating envelopes of the pilot plant for both the microfiltration and the reverse osmosis in terms of fouling minimisation. Same statistical method was used to enhance the efficiency of the MF cleaning-in place through bench-scale test. Data from the pilot plant MF process allow to determine relationship between reversible and irreversible fouling, and operating parameters and feed water quality. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of the both trains (MF/RO/AOP and MF/AOP) of the pilot plant was performed and compared with the LCCA of two full-scale plant.