Pros and Cons of AI Robot as a Legal Subject (original) (raw)
Related papers
FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO ARTIFICIAL CONSCIOUSNESS: POSSIBLE LEGAL BASES FOR THE HUMAN-ROBOT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE FUTURE, 2019
In the future, robots will increasingly resemble human beings and people will engage in social interaction with them. Accordingly, this paper aims to pave the way for analyse the research problem in the case of social robots, the probable legal status of artificial intelligence in the future. The article will discuss the differences between artificial intelligence versus artificial consciousness because AI poses societal challenges so it is currently undergoing a number of important developments and the law must be rapidly changed in society so that firstly, the difference between artificial intelligence and artificial consciousness is attempted to be demystified. Subsequently, the analysis will be subjected to a current legal status of Artificial Intelligence in EU with particular emphasis on case-law in matters of intellectual property. Also possible future scenarios will be discussed in this article The starting point of the research were source queries and literature studies aimed at jointly defining competence profiles of robot-human and key from the point of view of cybersecurity challenges 4.0. Next, the most important legal and political EU programming documents were analysed and assessed in terms of their vision of society 4.0. Next, a decision-making method was used to see the impact of particular instruments applied by the union in the framework of the policy of cyberspace protection and the phenomenon of robot-human relations. In connection with this, the following basic questions arise: firstly, the direction in which contemporary policy of combating cyber-terrorism should be aimed at institutional and legal matters, and secondly, to what extent well-guided cyber-security policy is able to influence the security of relations robot-human?
The Legal Status Of Artificial Intelligence And The Violation Of Human Rights
International Scientific Journal Sui Generis
Along with the continuous development of technology and its effects and contributions to our daily and social life, due to the use of technology, it brings with it the questioning of the legal status of acts and actions that may occur. Improvements in artificial intelligence technology have turned out to notable position. Beyon its effect on every field of technology, in many different ways is seen that it will have effects on society. From the legal point of view, there are different theories on whether artificial intelligence can be recognized as a personality or not. In case of attribution of personality, it will be important the matters within the scope of personality right to be granted to artificial intelligences. In the report presented by the European Parliament, "electronic personality" status proposal for artificial intelligence entities is worth for the research. The essence of the proposal is the idea of giving a new type of electronic personality, apart from the real and the legal person. In this context, the report is the first official document to propose personality status for an AI entity. In fact, the electronic personality proposal is a suitable proposal for the sui generis situations of the artificial intelligence entities. In this study, the legal personality models that are predicted about the artificial intelligence and the practices realized by the Artificial Intelligence Contrary to Human Rights and Ethical Rules constitute the cornerstone of the study.
Applicability of Legal Regulations to High Artificial Intellect – Robots
Journal of Constitutional Law, 2019
The present paper addresses the necessity of creating legal regulations regarding a technological novelty - robots; it discusses the issues of freedom of religion, freedom of expression and the right to personal development in the context of domestic legislation, as well as international regulations. The paper focuses on the issue of potential applicability of the said constitutional rights to robots, and the role of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Georgia with respect to this subject. In addition, the paper addresses the case-law of the Supreme Court of the United States and the European Court of Human Rights.
Artificial Intelligence and legal capacity: An introduction to robotic subjectivity
Diritto e Processo , 2019
The issues related to the development of artificial intelligence have recently been tackled by various countries and international organisations, with the application of technologies involving machine learning, neural networks and deep learning that are al-ready in the market. This article deals with the issue related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) status and whether it is necessary to create a specific personality for them. Start-ing from AI definition, this research provides an overview of state-of-the-art rules related to the robotic status and to the hypothesis related to robotic subjectivity.
Publisher House WSGE Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy ul. Sienkiewicza 4 05-410 Józefów eBooks, 2021
This paper analyzes the dangers faced by man and modern society in the light of the development of artificial intelligence and robotics in the fourth industrial revolution. The author examines the areas of human rights that are threatened by these advances in science and technology in case they are not properly monitored and regulated through legal advances. The historical and regional aspects of legislative regulation of the use of artificial intelligence units and robotics are investigated. Prospects of collision of artificial intelligence units with interests of the person and mankind, and also possible legal mechanisms of the resolution of the conflicts arising between them are analyzed. Using the methodology of comparative law, integration law, international law, analysis and synthesis, the author considers the latest documents of the European Union, EU member States, the United States, Russia, China, South Korea and other most representative countries of the world aimed at effective legal regulation of this promising area of development of modern law. The paper provides an analysis of the main trends in the evolution of modern law of science and technology that affect the life and realization of human and civil rights at the national, supranational and international level and the peculiarities of their legal regulation. The research is carried out on the interdisciplinary combination of elements of comparative law, integration, international and national law with reference to philosophy, sociology, history and
The issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence.
Charalampos STAMELOS (dir.), Universal Solutions to Global Problems: Holistic Analysis of Law Connecting Theory and Practice, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2023
The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act is the most significant project in the field of AI regulation. This is probably due to the fact that it constitutes the first binding legal project. It is less than two years since it has generated an intensive discussion, first among the European institutions, but also between the various actors involved in AI: scientific and academic associations, AI developers, GAFAM, and Human Rights NGOs. This paper seeks to analyse some of the main issues raised by the AI Act: why is there a need for a European regulation? What exactly is the AI Act and what are its major challenges? It's a fact accepted by everyone: the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is challenging our society. It is another revolution within the digital revolution. While AI can definitely bring wealth and social benefits, it may also threaten the functioning of the democracy and the human rights protection 2. The ambition of any regulation should be to develop new European digital rights. From a historical point of view, the present situation appears similar to the one in the 19th century when the industry revolution led to the development of new labour and social rights, or the one in the 20 th century when the pollution problem resulted into new environmental rights 3. 1 This paper is the written version of a course taught at La Sapienza University of Rome on the 16th of June 2022, under a CIVIS program funded by the European Union (Rights and Democracy: the Multilevel Protection of Fundamental Rights and the Role of Constitutional and European Courts).
Legal Person- or Agenthood of Artificial Intelligence Technologies
Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum
Artificial intelligence (AI) is developing rapidly. There are technologies available that fulfil several tasks better than humans can and even behave like humans to some extent. Thus, the situation prompts the question whether AI should be granted legal person- and/or agenthood? There have been similar situations in history where the legal status of slaves or indigenous peoples was discussed. Still, in those historical questions, the subjects under study were always natural persons, i.e., they were living beings belonging to the species Homo sapiens. We analyse the situation from moral-ethical and practical perspectives. The final conclusion is that the currently existing AIs are still so far removed from humans that there is simply no need to think seriously about legal person- or agenthood. Doing so would mean imposing obligations on the AI to follow. This, in turn, would mean that certain rights in relation to those obligations would have to be granted as well. By all evidence, t...
Prospects of legal regulation of relations in the field of artificial intelligence use
Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 2021
The study covers the issues of legal regulation of relations in the field of artificial intelligence use. The study mainstreams the issue of whether it is possible to contemplate the legal status of a robot at the present stage of human development, or, on the contrary, all discussions on this issue are premature. Various areas of application, applications of robotics and artificial intelligence are considered. Special attention is paid to the medical field, where with the help of modern technologies it has become possible to develop models for predicting breast cancer, a model of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic people with atherosclerosis, predicting stroke and seasonality of tuberculosis, and predicting the disease in a pandemic. It is argued that the COVID pandemic has reminded the world of the urgent need to intervene in the healthcare industry using artificial intelligence. It is artificial intelligence (AI) that has many applications in pandemic situations – from diagnosti...
Status of Robots in Moral and Legal Systems
Ethics in Progress, 2019
David J. Gunkel in his latest book Robot Rights presents the opportunities and challenges of integrating robots into moral and legal systems. The research question asked by the author is “Can and should robots have rights”? Following the Humean distinction between “is” and “ought”, Gunkel creates four statements that either opt for or against incorporating robots into legal discourse. The four modalities group contrasting opinions developed by different scholars on the subject of the eponymous robot rights. The author provides readers with yet another alternative approach to the question of legal recognition of robots which is based on Levinasian philosophy.
Robots and AI as Legal Subjects? Disentangling the Ontological and Functional Perspective
Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Robotics and AI-based applications (RAI) are often said to be so technologically advanced that they should be held responsible for their actions, instead of the human who designs or operates them. The paper aims to prove that this thesis (“the exceptionalist claim”)—as it stands—is both theoretically incorrect and practically inadequate. Indeed, the paper argues that such claim is based on a series of misunderstanding over the very notion and functions of “legal responsibility”, which it then seeks to clarify by developing and interdisciplinary conceptual taxonomy. In doing so, it aims to set the premises for a more constructive debate over the feasibility of granting legal standing to robotic application. After a short Introduction setting the stage of the debate, the paper addresses the ontological claim, distinguishing the philosophical from the legal debate on the notion of i) subjectivity and ii) agency, with their respective implications. The analysis allows us to conclude tha...