Keep on moving : how to facilitate nomadic pastoralism in Mongolia in the light of current societal transformation processes (original) (raw)
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Nomadic studies, 2023
Jeanne Riaudel (Pantheon Sorbonne University) Abstract: Mongolian pastoralism is characterised by high human and animal mobility on an annual and daily basis. These mobilities are conditioned by many economic, social, cultural and environmental factors. This article, which is the result of three months of fieldwork in the Shinejinst district of Bayanhongor province, seeks to present the dynamics and challenges of a nomadic pastoral economic model based on the mobility of multi-species herds in a fragile environmental context, by examining the capacity of humans and animals to adapt to new environmental constraints.
Human Ecology, 2013
The socioeconomics and the ecological impact of nomadic pastoralism were analyzed using interviews with 87 herder families and secondary information in the western Khangai, Mongolia. The pastoralists had an income above the national average for rural areas in Mongolia. Most herders continued traditional seasonal migration patterns, which involved ca. 10 moves per year over a total distance of ca. 100 km between summer and winter grazing grounds. As elsewhere in Mongolia, the number of goats owned by herders has greatly increased and cashmere has become the main source of cash income. Total livestock numbers rose considerably after decollectivization of the livestock sector in 1992, but in recent years have periodically been reduced by harsh winters, often combined with drought. Due to the high economic risk of these periodic livestock losses, many herders invest in better education for their children to enable them to migrate to the cities.
Chapter 14 Pastoral Mobility and Pastureland Possession in Mongolia
2012
Pastoralists in Mongolia have adopted a number of models of Europeanor Western-style modernization or development since the middle of the last century: in the Socialist period, collectivization to establish herding collectives, which may be recognized as a Socialist version of development; in the early 1990s, during the transition to a market economy, a market-oriented model based on private property, with the dissolution of the herding collectives and privatization of livestock, although pastureland remains for common use; and currently, since the late 1990s, "Community-based natural resource management" (CBNRM), a development model for common-pool resources management. The situation in the past two decades alleged to require new management institutions in the pastoral sector in Mongolia could be summarized as follows. Mongolia has been undergoing two processes impacting the pastoral economy and society: integration to the global economy or the transition to a market econ...
Human Ecology
Pastoral people in rangelands worldwide are experiencing uncertainty due to a combination of climatic, economic, and political stressors. Our study seeks to create a full view of the drivers, impacts, and adaptations to change for livestock herders in rural Mongolia, making use of herder traditional knowledge and select instrumental data. Interview respondents described undesirable trends in livestock herds, pasture, wildlife, and their livelihoods in three sites in northern, central, and eastern Mongolia from 1995 to 2015, including decreased lake levels. There was more agreement for precipitation trends than for temperature. We developed a systems model based on herder descriptions of the sequence and prominence of interacting drivers of change. Finally, we describe measures herders are taking to adapt to these changes, such as more frequent livestock movement. We present a transdisciplinary view of social-ecological change and applications for more regionally focused governance i...
Health status and geographic mobility among semi-nomadic pastoralists in Mongolia
Health & Place, 2008
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Increasing population growth and urbanization have taken place in Mongolia since the beginning of the 20th century. Using micro-and long-term analyses, this study examined how Mongols divide their time between living in urban and pastoral areas. Urban areas were chosen when children were of school age, jobs with high wages were available in urban areas, and livestock was lost due to natural disasters. Pastoral areas were chosen for summer vacation or childcare leave and in times of job shortages due to recession. Both occupational skills and social relationships are indispensable for adapting to unpredictable socio-natural fluctuations, which are developed from the experiences of moving between urban and pastoral areas starting in childhood.