PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RHIZOMES OF Acorus calamus (original) (raw)
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Chemical and Pesticidal Studies on Acorus Calamus Rhizomes
Journal of Applied …, 2008
Abstract: 2, 4, 5-trimethoxy banzaldehyde was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes. The structure of the compound was confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic techniques including high resolution H-NMR, C-NMR, HH Cosy and HMBC. ...
Biological and Chemical Studies of Essential Oil and Extracts of Rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn
Journal of Nepal Chemical Society
The essential oil (EO) of the rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn. was isolated by using a Clevenger apparatus and extracts were prepared by cold percolation technique using the solvents hexane and methane. The chemical constituents of EO were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. A total number of nine chemical compounds were identified and quantified occupying 100% of the total oil composition. The major chemical constituent was reported to be β-asarone (84.87%). Acid value, saponification value, and iodine number of the oil were measured and found to be 0.24 mg KOH/g, 0.42 mg KOH/g, and 31.75 g I2/100gm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the hexane and methanol extract was examined against two bacteria by the agar well diffusion method. The hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against E. coli with a zone of inhibition(ZOI)of 10 mm, and. subtilis with ZOI of 7 mm. The methanol extract showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis only...
Establishment of Monograph of Acorus Calamus Linn. Rhizomes
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2012
Acorus calamus Linn. (Araceae) is a semi-aquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes, arching tapered reed-like leaves and minute yellow-green flowers growing wild in wet areas like edges of streams and around ponds & lakes, in ditches and seeps and also cultivated. It is widely distributed throughout India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalayas up to 6600 feet in Sikkim, plentiful in the marshy tracts of Kashmir, Sirmoor, M anipur and Naga Hills. The rhizomes are considered to possess anti-spasmodic, carminative and anthelmintic, aromatic, expectorant, nervine, sedative, stimulant and nauseating properties. M edicinally used for the treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and glandular and abdominal tumors. The current study was therefore carried out to identify requisite pharmacognostical details i.e. organoleptic, microscopical, fluorescence analysis, quantitative microscopy and physical constants such as ash value and extractive values of the fruit. The extacts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The study revealed specific indices for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification, control on adulterations of the crude drug and preparation of a monograph of the drug.
Chemical profiling and antioxidant activities of essential oil from rhizomes of Acorus calamus L
BIBECHANA, 2020
Acorus calamus L. is an indigenous herb in Nepal. It belongs to family Acoraceae and grows in wetland with scented rhizomes. It is also known as Sweet flag in English and commonly as Bojho in Nepal. The present investigation reveals the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of rhizome essential oil of A. calamus. The essential oil of rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. from Kaski district, Nepal was extracted by hydrodistillation method and volatile constituents were analyzed using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry technique. The antioxidant potential of essential oil was analyzed by 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. A GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of β-asarone (22.38%), α-asarone (14.97%), 1-(4,6-dimethoxy-2,3dimethylphenylethanone (14.24%), Isoelemicin (5.68%), cis-methylisoeugenol (4.26%), α-calacorene (4.16%), and other 20 minor components. From DPPH assay, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) value of essential oil was found to be 109.83 µg/mL. These findings have strengthened the A. calamus is good source of compounds like β-asarone, α-asarone and can be used as potential antioxidants.
Chemical and Biological Diversity of the Leaf and Rhizome Volatiles of Acorus calamus L. from Turkey
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2017
Two different isolation techniques, conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and micro-steam distillation-solid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME), have been used to analyze the volatile constituents from the leaves and rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In all the samples studied, phenylpropanoids (16.9-35.3 %) predominated by β-asarone (15.3-16.3 % in rhizomes, 23.4-31.7 % in leaves) were the main constituent. In addition to phenylpropanoids, the acorane type sesquiterpene acorenone B (7.4-16.4 %) and elemene-type sesquiterpenes, epi-isoshyobunone (3.3-7.3 %) and shyobunone (1.5-4.6 %) were detected among the major volatile constituents in the rhizomes. The monoterpenes were represented by camphor (7.5-13.9 %) and camphene (6.1-7.7 %). In the leaf, myrcene (0.3-7.1 %), limonene (1.0-5.6 %), (Z)-β-ocimene (2.9-6.1 %) were among the major constituents. Qualitative difference of the volatiles composition in the rhizomes and leaves are discussed as well as of the volatiles obtained by HD and MSD-SPME techniques are discussed. Biological activity tests resulted in moderate anti-acetylcholinesterase effect and significant cupric reducing antioxidant potential of the leaf oil, while the rhizome oil demonstrated relatively lower effects.
International Journal of Scientific Research, 2012
Acorus calamus linn. Family-Araceae commonly called as 'Sweet flag' The preliminary phytochemical examination show the presence of terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoid, carbohydrate, glycoside etc. The present study is directed to investigate the antioxidant potential of the plant. The antioxidant activity of Acorus calamus linn. (Araceae) were prepared and investigated for antioxidant potential against 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and compared with standard ascorbic acid. The methanolic extract with different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 μg/ml). The percentage of inhibition was found to be the IC50 value was 259.46 μg/ml. The result showing that Acorus calamus Linn. exhibits potential free radical scavenging. It was also concluded that methanolic extract showed towards the maximum antioxidant activity.
Amide Alkaloids from Acorus Tatarinowii Schott
To systematically study the chemical constituents in the rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, the seven compounds were identified by NMR spectroscopic methods and identified as N-trans-coumaroyl tyramine(1), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (2), N-trans-coumaroyl octopamine (3), N-trans-feruloyl octopamine(4), 2-trans-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl]-acrylamide(5), 2-trans-3-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-m ethoxyethyl]-acrylamide(6),2-cis-3-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyph enyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl]-acrylamide (7). Compound 1-7 are amide alkaloids obtained from Acorus for the first time, and compound 7 is a new compound. Theory basis is provided for the further study on acorus tatarinowii.
ejpmr, 2020
Acorus calamus L., syn. A. angustatus Raf., A. angustifolius Schott (Acoraceae), called as sweet flag, beewort, bitter pepper root, calamus root, myrtle flag and sweet myrtle, is a tall perennial, semi-aquatic, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes native to India, central Asia, southern Russia, China, Japan and eastern Europe. [1] Its rhizome has anodyne, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, brain tonic and vermifuge properties and is used to treat bronchial catarrh, cough, delirium, diarrhoea, dysentery, epilepsy, hysteria, insomnia, melancholia, neurosis, remittent fevers, schizophrenia and tumors. [2-5] The rhizomes contained an essential oil comprising of αand β-asarones, calamusins A-H and isoacorone, βdaucosterol, polysaccharide, lectins , acoradin, galangin, 2,4,5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde, 2,5-dimethoxy benzoquinone, calamendiol, spathulenol, cadinane, dihydroxyasarone and eudesmane derivatives, β-sitosterol, (+)-magnolin, bullatantriol, teuclatriol, eudesmin, diarylated naphthoyl esters and n-penta-and n-hexatetracontanes. [6-13] Digera muricata (L.) Mart., syn. D. arvensis Forssk., Achyranthes muricata L. (Amaranthaceae), known as latmahuria, lesua and false amaranth, is a small, ascending, profusely branched herb, up to 70 cm., with ovate leaves, apex acute; utricle minute, ovoid; seed one. It is spread in tropical Arabia,
Aromas from Quebec. I. Composition of the essential oil of the rhizomes of Acorus calamus L
Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2008
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus (sweet flag) collected in the Grondines region, Province of Quebec, was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. Several components were isolated by liquid chromatography and were identified by various NMR experiments such as: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY. The major compounds were identified as preisocalamenediol, acorenone, shyobunone, and cryptoacorone. The complete stereochemical structure of cryptoacorone was elucidated
Bibechana, 2020
Phytochemical and biological activities of methanolic and hexane extract of Acorus calamus rhizome were carried out. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, resin and carbohydrates which are responsible for the antibacterial activities. The antibacterial potential was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi (gram negative bacteria) using Agar Well Diffusion Method. The activity was shown by both methanolic and hexane extract of Acorus calamus rhizome against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity showed potent antioxidant activities with IC50 value 3.74 μg/mL slightly higher than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 3.56 μg/mL). BIBECHANA 17 (2020) 104-109